Table 1 Open in new tab Age-specific...

Characteristics	Overall	CACS category	P for trend
Age <45 years, n	n = 117 728	n = 109 917	n = 7155	n = 522	n = 134
Age (years)^a	37.3 (4.6)	37.1 (4.6)	39.7 (3.8)	40.8 (3.1)	40.8 (3.0)	<0.001
Male (%)	76.7	75.4	94.5	97.7	98.5	<0.001
Alcohol intake (%)^b	24.7	24.1	33.1	37.0	37.8	<0.001
Regular exercise (%)^c	12.8	12.7	14.1	16.7	16.9	<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs (%)	2.2	1.8	6.5	12.5	21.8	<0.001
Traditional risk factors
Current smoking (%)	22.3	21.5	33.3	38.6	42.8	<0.001
Diabetes (%)	3.3	2.8	9.0	12.5	23.9	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	11.5	10.4	25.7	41.8	50.0	<0.001
Dyslipidaemia (%)	41.5	40.1	61.7	63.2	67.9	<0.001
Family history of CHD (%)	6.2	6.1	8.5	9.2	11.3	<0.001
Number of risk factors						<0.001
0	41.2	42.9	18.5	13.1	7.6
1	37.4	37.4	39.3	34.1	26.7
2	17.1	16.1	29.9	32.7	38.9
≥3	4.3	3.6	12.4	20.2	26.7
Framingham risk score, %
<10	96.4	97.1	87.4	79.1	70.2
10–19	3.4	2.7	11.5	17.8	26.0
≥20	0.2	0.2	1.0	3.1	3.8
Age ≥45 years, n	n = 43 093	n = 29 736	n = 9 932	n = 2 126	n = 1 299
Age (years)^a	52.7 (7.0)	51.3 (5.9)	54.7 (7.6)	58.1 (8.5)	61.7 (8.6)	<0.001
Male (%)	67.7	61.6	80.5	82.7	85.5	<0.001
Alcohol intake (%)^b	29.0	26.1	34.7	36.8	39.3	<0.001
Regular exercise (%)^c	17.7	16.8	18.9	21.2	23.4	<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs (%)	10.6	7.6	14.9	21.8	27.2	<0.001
Traditional risk factors
Current smoking (%)	22.8	21.0	27.1	27.9	23.6	<0.001
Diabetes (%)	12.6	8.7	18.1	27.3	35.1	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	28.6	21.3	40.5	52.8	65.6	<0.001
Dyslipidaemia (%)	46.4	43.7	53.3	51.3	48.7	<0.001
Family history of CHD (%)	8.0	7.7	8.8	8.2	8.0	0.028
Number of risk factors						<0.001
0	27.6	33.4	16.2	11.9	8.9
1	37.9	38.6	37.5	32.9	30.8
2	24.4	20.9	31.1	34.6	35.9
≥3	10.1	7.1	15.2	20.6	24.4
Framingham risk score, %
<10	65.4	75.0	49.3	34.0	22.2
10–19	25.6	20.4	36.2	40.4	40.1
≥20	9.0	4.7	14.5	25.7	37.8

Characteristics

Overall

CACS category

P for trend

>0–100

101–300

>300

Age <45 years, n

n = 117 728

n = 109 917

n = 7155

n = 522

n = 134

Age (years)^a

37.3 (4.6)

37.1 (4.6)

39.7 (3.8)

40.8 (3.1)

40.8 (3.0)

<0.001

Male (%)

76.7

75.4

94.5

97.7

98.5

<0.001

Alcohol intake (%)^b

24.7

24.1

33.1

37.0

37.8

<0.001

Regular exercise (%)^c

12.8

12.7

14.1

16.7

16.9

<0.001

Lipid-lowering drugs (%)

2.2

1.8

6.5

12.5

21.8

<0.001

Traditional risk factors

Current smoking (%)

22.3

21.5

33.3

38.6

42.8

<0.001

Diabetes (%)

3.3

2.8

9.0

12.5

23.9

<0.001

Hypertension (%)

11.5

10.4

25.7

41.8

50.0

<0.001

Dyslipidaemia (%)

41.5

40.1

61.7

63.2

67.9

<0.001

Family history of CHD (%)

6.2

6.1

8.5

9.2

11.3

<0.001

Number of risk factors

<0.001

41.2

42.9

18.5

13.1

7.6

37.4

39.3

34.1

26.7

17.1

16.1

29.9

32.7

38.9

≥3

4.3

3.6

12.4

20.2

26.7

Framingham risk score, %

<10

96.4

97.1

87.4

79.1

70.2

10–19

3.4

2.7

11.5

17.8

26.0

≥20

0.2

1.0

3.1

3.8

Age ≥45 years, n

n = 43 093

n = 29 736

n = 9 932

n = 2 126

n = 1 299

Age (years)^a

52.7 (7.0)

51.3 (5.9)

54.7 (7.6)

58.1 (8.5)

61.7 (8.6)

<0.001

Male (%)

67.7

61.6

80.5

82.7

85.5

<0.001

Alcohol intake (%)^b

29.0

26.1

34.7

36.8

39.3

<0.001

Regular exercise (%)^c

17.7

16.8

18.9

21.2

23.4

<0.001

Lipid-lowering drugs (%)

10.6

7.6

14.9

21.8

27.2

<0.001

Traditional risk factors

Current smoking (%)

22.8

21.0

27.1

27.9

23.6

<0.001

Diabetes (%)

12.6

8.7

18.1

27.3

35.1

<0.001

Hypertension (%)

28.6

21.3

40.5

52.8

65.6

<0.001

Dyslipidaemia (%)

46.4

43.7

53.3

51.3

48.7

<0.001

Family history of CHD (%)

8.0

7.7

8.8

8.2

8.0

0.028

Number of risk factors

<0.001

27.6

33.4

16.2

11.9

8.9

37.9

38.6

37.5

32.9

30.8

24.4

20.9

31.1

34.6

35.9

≥3

10.1

7.1

15.2

20.6

24.4

Framingham risk score, %

<10

65.4

75.0

49.3

34.0

22.2

10–19

25.6

20.4

36.2

40.4

40.1

≥20

9.0

4.7

14.5

25.7

37.8

Characteristics	Overall	CACS category	P for trend
Age <45 years, n	n = 117 728	n = 109 917	n = 7155	n = 522	n = 134
Age (years)^a	37.3 (4.6)	37.1 (4.6)	39.7 (3.8)	40.8 (3.1)	40.8 (3.0)	<0.001
Male (%)	76.7	75.4	94.5	97.7	98.5	<0.001
Alcohol intake (%)^b	24.7	24.1	33.1	37.0	37.8	<0.001
Regular exercise (%)^c	12.8	12.7	14.1	16.7	16.9	<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs (%)	2.2	1.8	6.5	12.5	21.8	<0.001
Traditional risk factors
Current smoking (%)	22.3	21.5	33.3	38.6	42.8	<0.001
Diabetes (%)	3.3	2.8	9.0	12.5	23.9	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	11.5	10.4	25.7	41.8	50.0	<0.001
Dyslipidaemia (%)	41.5	40.1	61.7	63.2	67.9	<0.001
Family history of CHD (%)	6.2	6.1	8.5	9.2	11.3	<0.001
Number of risk factors						<0.001
0	41.2	42.9	18.5	13.1	7.6
1	37.4	37.4	39.3	34.1	26.7
2	17.1	16.1	29.9	32.7	38.9
≥3	4.3	3.6	12.4	20.2	26.7
Framingham risk score, %
<10	96.4	97.1	87.4	79.1	70.2
10–19	3.4	2.7	11.5	17.8	26.0
≥20	0.2	0.2	1.0	3.1	3.8
Age ≥45 years, n	n = 43 093	n = 29 736	n = 9 932	n = 2 126	n = 1 299
Age (years)^a	52.7 (7.0)	51.3 (5.9)	54.7 (7.6)	58.1 (8.5)	61.7 (8.6)	<0.001
Male (%)	67.7	61.6	80.5	82.7	85.5	<0.001
Alcohol intake (%)^b	29.0	26.1	34.7	36.8	39.3	<0.001
Regular exercise (%)^c	17.7	16.8	18.9	21.2	23.4	<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs (%)	10.6	7.6	14.9	21.8	27.2	<0.001
Traditional risk factors
Current smoking (%)	22.8	21.0	27.1	27.9	23.6	<0.001
Diabetes (%)	12.6	8.7	18.1	27.3	35.1	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	28.6	21.3	40.5	52.8	65.6	<0.001
Dyslipidaemia (%)	46.4	43.7	53.3	51.3	48.7	<0.001
Family history of CHD (%)	8.0	7.7	8.8	8.2	8.0	0.028
Number of risk factors						<0.001
0	27.6	33.4	16.2	11.9	8.9
1	37.9	38.6	37.5	32.9	30.8
2	24.4	20.9	31.1	34.6	35.9
≥3	10.1	7.1	15.2	20.6	24.4
Framingham risk score, %
<10	65.4	75.0	49.3	34.0	22.2
10–19	25.6	20.4	36.2	40.4	40.1
≥20	9.0	4.7	14.5	25.7	37.8

Table 1

Open in new tab

Age-specific baseline characteristics of the study population according to coronary artery calcium score category

Characteristics	Overall	CACS category				P for trend
Characteristics	Overall	0	>0–100	101–300	>300	P for trend
Age <45 years, n	n = 117 728	n = 109 917	n = 7155	n = 522	n = 134
Age (years)^a	37.3 (4.6)	37.1 (4.6)	39.7 (3.8)	40.8 (3.1)	40.8 (3.0)	<0.001
Male (%)	76.7	75.4	94.5	97.7	98.5	<0.001
Alcohol intake (%)^b	24.7	24.1	33.1	37.0	37.8	<0.001
Regular exercise (%)^c	12.8	12.7	14.1	16.7	16.9	<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs (%)	2.2	1.8	6.5	12.5	21.8	<0.001
Traditional risk factors
Current smoking (%)	22.3	21.5	33.3	38.6	42.8	<0.001
Diabetes (%)	3.3	2.8	9.0	12.5	23.9	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	11.5	10.4	25.7	41.8	50.0	<0.001
Dyslipidaemia (%)	41.5	40.1	61.7	63.2	67.9	<0.001
Family history of CHD (%)	6.2	6.1	8.5	9.2	11.3	<0.001
Number of risk factors						<0.001
0	41.2	42.9	18.5	13.1	7.6
1	37.4	37.4	39.3	34.1	26.7
2	17.1	16.1	29.9	32.7	38.9
≥3	4.3	3.6	12.4	20.2	26.7
Framingham risk score, %
<10	96.4	97.1	87.4	79.1	70.2
10–19	3.4	2.7	11.5	17.8	26.0
≥20	0.2	0.2	1.0	3.1	3.8
Age ≥45 years, n	n = 43 093	n = 29 736	n = 9 932	n = 2 126	n = 1 299
Age (years)^a	52.7 (7.0)	51.3 (5.9)	54.7 (7.6)	58.1 (8.5)	61.7 (8.6)	<0.001
Male (%)	67.7	61.6	80.5	82.7	85.5	<0.001
Alcohol intake (%)^b	29.0	26.1	34.7	36.8	39.3	<0.001
Regular exercise (%)^c	17.7	16.8	18.9	21.2	23.4	<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs (%)	10.6	7.6	14.9	21.8	27.2	<0.001
Traditional risk factors
Current smoking (%)	22.8	21.0	27.1	27.9	23.6	<0.001
Diabetes (%)	12.6	8.7	18.1	27.3	35.1	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	28.6	21.3	40.5	52.8	65.6	<0.001
Dyslipidaemia (%)	46.4	43.7	53.3	51.3	48.7	<0.001
Family history of CHD (%)	8.0	7.7	8.8	8.2	8.0	0.028
Number of risk factors						<0.001
0	27.6	33.4	16.2	11.9	8.9
1	37.9	38.6	37.5	32.9	30.8
2	24.4	20.9	31.1	34.6	35.9
≥3	10.1	7.1	15.2	20.6	24.4
Framingham risk score, %
<10	65.4	75.0	49.3	34.0	22.2
10–19	25.6	20.4	36.2	40.4	40.1
≥20	9.0	4.7	14.5	25.7	37.8

Characteristics	Overall	CACS category				P for trend
Characteristics	Overall	0	>0–100	101–300	>300	P for trend
Age <45 years, n	n = 117 728	n = 109 917	n = 7155	n = 522	n = 134
Age (years)^a	37.3 (4.6)	37.1 (4.6)	39.7 (3.8)	40.8 (3.1)	40.8 (3.0)	<0.001
Male (%)	76.7	75.4	94.5	97.7	98.5	<0.001
Alcohol intake (%)^b	24.7	24.1	33.1	37.0	37.8	<0.001
Regular exercise (%)^c	12.8	12.7	14.1	16.7	16.9	<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs (%)	2.2	1.8	6.5	12.5	21.8	<0.001
Traditional risk factors
Current smoking (%)	22.3	21.5	33.3	38.6	42.8	<0.001
Diabetes (%)	3.3	2.8	9.0	12.5	23.9	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	11.5	10.4	25.7	41.8	50.0	<0.001
Dyslipidaemia (%)	41.5	40.1	61.7	63.2	67.9	<0.001
Family history of CHD (%)	6.2	6.1	8.5	9.2	11.3	<0.001
Number of risk factors						<0.001
0	41.2	42.9	18.5	13.1	7.6
1	37.4	37.4	39.3	34.1	26.7
2	17.1	16.1	29.9	32.7	38.9
≥3	4.3	3.6	12.4	20.2	26.7
Framingham risk score, %
<10	96.4	97.1	87.4	79.1	70.2
10–19	3.4	2.7	11.5	17.8	26.0
≥20	0.2	0.2	1.0	3.1	3.8
Age ≥45 years, n	n = 43 093	n = 29 736	n = 9 932	n = 2 126	n = 1 299
Age (years)^a	52.7 (7.0)	51.3 (5.9)	54.7 (7.6)	58.1 (8.5)	61.7 (8.6)	<0.001
Male (%)	67.7	61.6	80.5	82.7	85.5	<0.001
Alcohol intake (%)^b	29.0	26.1	34.7	36.8	39.3	<0.001
Regular exercise (%)^c	17.7	16.8	18.9	21.2	23.4	<0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs (%)	10.6	7.6	14.9	21.8	27.2	<0.001
Traditional risk factors
Current smoking (%)	22.8	21.0	27.1	27.9	23.6	<0.001
Diabetes (%)	12.6	8.7	18.1	27.3	35.1	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	28.6	21.3	40.5	52.8	65.6	<0.001
Dyslipidaemia (%)	46.4	43.7	53.3	51.3	48.7	<0.001
Family history of CHD (%)	8.0	7.7	8.8	8.2	8.0	0.028
Number of risk factors						<0.001
0	27.6	33.4	16.2	11.9	8.9
1	37.9	38.6	37.5	32.9	30.8
2	24.4	20.9	31.1	34.6	35.9
≥3	10.1	7.1	15.2	20.6	24.4
Framingham risk score, %
<10	65.4	75.0	49.3	34.0	22.2
10–19	25.6	20.4	36.2	40.4	40.1
≥20	9.0	4.7	14.5	25.7	37.8

CACS, coronary artery calcium score; CHD, coronary heart disease.

Data are presented as mean (standard deviation), or percentage.

≥20 g of ethanol per day.

≥3 times/week.

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