Table 3
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Mortality and morbidity during the follow-up

TotalFirst diagnosedParoxysmalPersistentLong-standing persistentPermanentP-value
(a) Mortality (all)
 Death (%)2.7 (120/4382)5.7 (18/314)1.7 (30/1813)1.7 (17/1030)4.2 (18/434)4.7 (37/791)<0.001
 Cause of death (details) (%)
  Cardiac23.4 (22/94)23.1 (3/13)25.0 (5/20)15.4 (2/13)31.3 (5/16)21.9 (7/32)0.91
  Vascular4.3 (4/94)0.0 (0/13)0.0 (0/20)7.7 (1/13)6.3 (1/16)6.3 (2/32)
  Non-cardiovascular72.3 (68/94)76.9 (10/13)75.0 (15/20)76.9 (10/13)62.5 (10/16)71.9 (23/32)
 Cardiac (%)
  Acute myocardial infarction13.6 (3/22)33.3 (1/3)20.0 (1/5)0.0 (0/2)20.0 (1/5)0.0 (0/7)0.297
  Heart failure36.4 (8/22)33.3 (1/3)0.0 (0/5)0.0 (0/2)60.0 (3/5)57.1 (4/7)
  Other50.0 (11/22)33.3 (1/3)80.0 (4/5)100.0 (2/2)20.0 (1/5)42.9 (3/7)
 Vascular (%)
  Ischaemic stroke50.0 (2/4)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/0)100.0 (1/1)0.0 (0/1)50.0 (1/2)0.368
  Haemorrhagic stroke50.0 (2/4)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/1)100.0 (1/1)50.0 (1/2)
(b) Readmissions
 Readmission for AF/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia (%)8.2 (325/3978)12.1 (35/290)9.0 (151/1685)10.2 (94/926)6.6 (25/378)2.9 (20/699)<0.001
 Readmission: other cardiovascular events (%)
  ACS (%)0.6 (24/3978)0.3 (1/290)0.7 (12/1685)0.4 (4/926)0.5 (2/378)0.7 (5/699)0.863
  Heart failure (%)2.4 (96/3978)3.8 (11/290)1.4 (23/1685)2.3 (21/926)3.7 (14/378)3.9 (27/699)0.001
  Coronary intervention (%)1.9 (75/3978)3.1 (9/290)2.0 (33/1685)1.7 (16/926)1.9 (7/378)1.4 (10/699)0.512
  Arrhythmia, other than AF/atrial flutter (%)0.7 (27/3978)0.7 (2/290)0.5 (9/1685)1.3 (12/926)0.5 (2/378)0.3 (2/699)0.113
  Cardiac arrest (%)
  Stroke (%)0.5 (19/3978)0.7 (2/290)0.2 (4/1685)0.4 (4/926)0.8 (3/378)0.9 (6/699)0.259
  TIA (%)0.2 (6/3978)0.3 (1/290)0.2 (3/1685)0.0 (0/926)0.3 (1/378)0.1 (1/699)0.639
  Pulmonary embolism (%)0.1 (2/3978)0.0 (0/290)0.1 (1/1685)0.1 (1/926)0.0 (0/378)0.0 (0/699)0.856
 Non-cardiovascular events (%)13.7 (546/3978)15.9 (46/290)9.0 (151/1685)10.7 (99/926)15.3 (58/378)27.5 (192/699)<0.001
  Bleeding (%)1.7 (9/546)8.7 (4/46)1.3 (2/151)1.0 (1/99)0.0 (0/58)1.0 (2/192)0.003
TotalFirst diagnosedParoxysmalPersistentLong-standing persistentPermanentP-value
(a) Mortality (all)
 Death (%)2.7 (120/4382)5.7 (18/314)1.7 (30/1813)1.7 (17/1030)4.2 (18/434)4.7 (37/791)<0.001
 Cause of death (details) (%)
  Cardiac23.4 (22/94)23.1 (3/13)25.0 (5/20)15.4 (2/13)31.3 (5/16)21.9 (7/32)0.91
  Vascular4.3 (4/94)0.0 (0/13)0.0 (0/20)7.7 (1/13)6.3 (1/16)6.3 (2/32)
  Non-cardiovascular72.3 (68/94)76.9 (10/13)75.0 (15/20)76.9 (10/13)62.5 (10/16)71.9 (23/32)
 Cardiac (%)
  Acute myocardial infarction13.6 (3/22)33.3 (1/3)20.0 (1/5)0.0 (0/2)20.0 (1/5)0.0 (0/7)0.297
  Heart failure36.4 (8/22)33.3 (1/3)0.0 (0/5)0.0 (0/2)60.0 (3/5)57.1 (4/7)
  Other50.0 (11/22)33.3 (1/3)80.0 (4/5)100.0 (2/2)20.0 (1/5)42.9 (3/7)
 Vascular (%)
  Ischaemic stroke50.0 (2/4)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/0)100.0 (1/1)0.0 (0/1)50.0 (1/2)0.368
  Haemorrhagic stroke50.0 (2/4)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/1)100.0 (1/1)50.0 (1/2)
(b) Readmissions
 Readmission for AF/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia (%)8.2 (325/3978)12.1 (35/290)9.0 (151/1685)10.2 (94/926)6.6 (25/378)2.9 (20/699)<0.001
 Readmission: other cardiovascular events (%)
  ACS (%)0.6 (24/3978)0.3 (1/290)0.7 (12/1685)0.4 (4/926)0.5 (2/378)0.7 (5/699)0.863
  Heart failure (%)2.4 (96/3978)3.8 (11/290)1.4 (23/1685)2.3 (21/926)3.7 (14/378)3.9 (27/699)0.001
  Coronary intervention (%)1.9 (75/3978)3.1 (9/290)2.0 (33/1685)1.7 (16/926)1.9 (7/378)1.4 (10/699)0.512
  Arrhythmia, other than AF/atrial flutter (%)0.7 (27/3978)0.7 (2/290)0.5 (9/1685)1.3 (12/926)0.5 (2/378)0.3 (2/699)0.113
  Cardiac arrest (%)
  Stroke (%)0.5 (19/3978)0.7 (2/290)0.2 (4/1685)0.4 (4/926)0.8 (3/378)0.9 (6/699)0.259
  TIA (%)0.2 (6/3978)0.3 (1/290)0.2 (3/1685)0.0 (0/926)0.3 (1/378)0.1 (1/699)0.639
  Pulmonary embolism (%)0.1 (2/3978)0.0 (0/290)0.1 (1/1685)0.1 (1/926)0.0 (0/378)0.0 (0/699)0.856
 Non-cardiovascular events (%)13.7 (546/3978)15.9 (46/290)9.0 (151/1685)10.7 (99/926)15.3 (58/378)27.5 (192/699)<0.001
  Bleeding (%)1.7 (9/546)8.7 (4/46)1.3 (2/151)1.0 (1/99)0.0 (0/58)1.0 (2/192)0.003

ACS, acute coronary syndrome; AF, atrial fibrillation; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.

Table 3
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Mortality and morbidity during the follow-up

TotalFirst diagnosedParoxysmalPersistentLong-standing persistentPermanentP-value
(a) Mortality (all)
 Death (%)2.7 (120/4382)5.7 (18/314)1.7 (30/1813)1.7 (17/1030)4.2 (18/434)4.7 (37/791)<0.001
 Cause of death (details) (%)
  Cardiac23.4 (22/94)23.1 (3/13)25.0 (5/20)15.4 (2/13)31.3 (5/16)21.9 (7/32)0.91
  Vascular4.3 (4/94)0.0 (0/13)0.0 (0/20)7.7 (1/13)6.3 (1/16)6.3 (2/32)
  Non-cardiovascular72.3 (68/94)76.9 (10/13)75.0 (15/20)76.9 (10/13)62.5 (10/16)71.9 (23/32)
 Cardiac (%)
  Acute myocardial infarction13.6 (3/22)33.3 (1/3)20.0 (1/5)0.0 (0/2)20.0 (1/5)0.0 (0/7)0.297
  Heart failure36.4 (8/22)33.3 (1/3)0.0 (0/5)0.0 (0/2)60.0 (3/5)57.1 (4/7)
  Other50.0 (11/22)33.3 (1/3)80.0 (4/5)100.0 (2/2)20.0 (1/5)42.9 (3/7)
 Vascular (%)
  Ischaemic stroke50.0 (2/4)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/0)100.0 (1/1)0.0 (0/1)50.0 (1/2)0.368
  Haemorrhagic stroke50.0 (2/4)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/1)100.0 (1/1)50.0 (1/2)
(b) Readmissions
 Readmission for AF/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia (%)8.2 (325/3978)12.1 (35/290)9.0 (151/1685)10.2 (94/926)6.6 (25/378)2.9 (20/699)<0.001
 Readmission: other cardiovascular events (%)
  ACS (%)0.6 (24/3978)0.3 (1/290)0.7 (12/1685)0.4 (4/926)0.5 (2/378)0.7 (5/699)0.863
  Heart failure (%)2.4 (96/3978)3.8 (11/290)1.4 (23/1685)2.3 (21/926)3.7 (14/378)3.9 (27/699)0.001
  Coronary intervention (%)1.9 (75/3978)3.1 (9/290)2.0 (33/1685)1.7 (16/926)1.9 (7/378)1.4 (10/699)0.512
  Arrhythmia, other than AF/atrial flutter (%)0.7 (27/3978)0.7 (2/290)0.5 (9/1685)1.3 (12/926)0.5 (2/378)0.3 (2/699)0.113
  Cardiac arrest (%)
  Stroke (%)0.5 (19/3978)0.7 (2/290)0.2 (4/1685)0.4 (4/926)0.8 (3/378)0.9 (6/699)0.259
  TIA (%)0.2 (6/3978)0.3 (1/290)0.2 (3/1685)0.0 (0/926)0.3 (1/378)0.1 (1/699)0.639
  Pulmonary embolism (%)0.1 (2/3978)0.0 (0/290)0.1 (1/1685)0.1 (1/926)0.0 (0/378)0.0 (0/699)0.856
 Non-cardiovascular events (%)13.7 (546/3978)15.9 (46/290)9.0 (151/1685)10.7 (99/926)15.3 (58/378)27.5 (192/699)<0.001
  Bleeding (%)1.7 (9/546)8.7 (4/46)1.3 (2/151)1.0 (1/99)0.0 (0/58)1.0 (2/192)0.003
TotalFirst diagnosedParoxysmalPersistentLong-standing persistentPermanentP-value
(a) Mortality (all)
 Death (%)2.7 (120/4382)5.7 (18/314)1.7 (30/1813)1.7 (17/1030)4.2 (18/434)4.7 (37/791)<0.001
 Cause of death (details) (%)
  Cardiac23.4 (22/94)23.1 (3/13)25.0 (5/20)15.4 (2/13)31.3 (5/16)21.9 (7/32)0.91
  Vascular4.3 (4/94)0.0 (0/13)0.0 (0/20)7.7 (1/13)6.3 (1/16)6.3 (2/32)
  Non-cardiovascular72.3 (68/94)76.9 (10/13)75.0 (15/20)76.9 (10/13)62.5 (10/16)71.9 (23/32)
 Cardiac (%)
  Acute myocardial infarction13.6 (3/22)33.3 (1/3)20.0 (1/5)0.0 (0/2)20.0 (1/5)0.0 (0/7)0.297
  Heart failure36.4 (8/22)33.3 (1/3)0.0 (0/5)0.0 (0/2)60.0 (3/5)57.1 (4/7)
  Other50.0 (11/22)33.3 (1/3)80.0 (4/5)100.0 (2/2)20.0 (1/5)42.9 (3/7)
 Vascular (%)
  Ischaemic stroke50.0 (2/4)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/0)100.0 (1/1)0.0 (0/1)50.0 (1/2)0.368
  Haemorrhagic stroke50.0 (2/4)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/0)0.0 (0/1)100.0 (1/1)50.0 (1/2)
(b) Readmissions
 Readmission for AF/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia (%)8.2 (325/3978)12.1 (35/290)9.0 (151/1685)10.2 (94/926)6.6 (25/378)2.9 (20/699)<0.001
 Readmission: other cardiovascular events (%)
  ACS (%)0.6 (24/3978)0.3 (1/290)0.7 (12/1685)0.4 (4/926)0.5 (2/378)0.7 (5/699)0.863
  Heart failure (%)2.4 (96/3978)3.8 (11/290)1.4 (23/1685)2.3 (21/926)3.7 (14/378)3.9 (27/699)0.001
  Coronary intervention (%)1.9 (75/3978)3.1 (9/290)2.0 (33/1685)1.7 (16/926)1.9 (7/378)1.4 (10/699)0.512
  Arrhythmia, other than AF/atrial flutter (%)0.7 (27/3978)0.7 (2/290)0.5 (9/1685)1.3 (12/926)0.5 (2/378)0.3 (2/699)0.113
  Cardiac arrest (%)
  Stroke (%)0.5 (19/3978)0.7 (2/290)0.2 (4/1685)0.4 (4/926)0.8 (3/378)0.9 (6/699)0.259
  TIA (%)0.2 (6/3978)0.3 (1/290)0.2 (3/1685)0.0 (0/926)0.3 (1/378)0.1 (1/699)0.639
  Pulmonary embolism (%)0.1 (2/3978)0.0 (0/290)0.1 (1/1685)0.1 (1/926)0.0 (0/378)0.0 (0/699)0.856
 Non-cardiovascular events (%)13.7 (546/3978)15.9 (46/290)9.0 (151/1685)10.7 (99/926)15.3 (58/378)27.5 (192/699)<0.001
  Bleeding (%)1.7 (9/546)8.7 (4/46)1.3 (2/151)1.0 (1/99)0.0 (0/58)1.0 (2/192)0.003

ACS, acute coronary syndrome; AF, atrial fibrillation; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.

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