Association Between Exposure to Any Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions and Student E-cigarette Use, CHKS 2017/2018 and 2019/2020
| . | Pre-policy 2017/2018 . | Post-policy 2019/2020 . | Post compared with pre-policy . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted (n = 86 958) . | Adjusteda (n = 77 760) . | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) . | D-I-D OR (95% CI) . | pb . | OR (95% CI) . | D-I-D OR (95% CI) . | pb . | |||
| Current e-cigarette use | ||||||||
| Exposed | 10.5 | 11.1 | 1.06 (0.84, 1.36) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.58) | .14 | 1.12 (0.86, 1.45) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) | .11 |
| Unexposed | 12.8 | 11.4 | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) | ref | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | ref | ||
| Almost daily e-cigarette usec | ||||||||
| Exposed | 20.8 | 22.7 | 1.12 (0.81, 1.55) | 0.94 (0.66, 1.33) | .71 | 1.27 (0.91, 1.79) | 1.01 (0.71, 1.46) | .94 |
| Unexposed | 21.2 | 24.3 | 1.19 (1.06, 1.34) | 1.25 (1.10, 1.42) | ||||
| Ever e-cigarette use | ||||||||
| Exposed | 20.8 | 21.5 | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | .51 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.27) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) | .52 |
| Unexposed | 24.0 | 23.8 | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.09) | ref | |||
| Ever used marijuana in an e-cigarette | ||||||||
| Exposed | 16.9 | 20.6 | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | .59 | 1.35 (1.19, 1.53) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) | .53 |
| Unexposed | 17.6 | 20.8 | 1.23 (1.14, 1.32) | ref | 1.29 (1.20, 1.39) | ref | ||
| Access to e-cigarettes | ||||||||
| Easy to obtain | ||||||||
| Exposed | 30.6 | 39.2 | 1.46 (1.17, 1.84) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.29) | .96 | 1.57 (1.27, 1.95) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | .85 |
| Unexposed | 34.6 | 43.5 | 1.46 (1.30, 1.62) | ref | 1.54 (1.39, 1.70) | ref | ||
| . | Pre-policy 2017/2018 . | Post-policy 2019/2020 . | Post compared with pre-policy . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted (n = 86 958) . | Adjusteda (n = 77 760) . | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) . | D-I-D OR (95% CI) . | pb . | OR (95% CI) . | D-I-D OR (95% CI) . | pb . | |||
| Current e-cigarette use | ||||||||
| Exposed | 10.5 | 11.1 | 1.06 (0.84, 1.36) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.58) | .14 | 1.12 (0.86, 1.45) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) | .11 |
| Unexposed | 12.8 | 11.4 | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) | ref | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | ref | ||
| Almost daily e-cigarette usec | ||||||||
| Exposed | 20.8 | 22.7 | 1.12 (0.81, 1.55) | 0.94 (0.66, 1.33) | .71 | 1.27 (0.91, 1.79) | 1.01 (0.71, 1.46) | .94 |
| Unexposed | 21.2 | 24.3 | 1.19 (1.06, 1.34) | 1.25 (1.10, 1.42) | ||||
| Ever e-cigarette use | ||||||||
| Exposed | 20.8 | 21.5 | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | .51 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.27) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) | .52 |
| Unexposed | 24.0 | 23.8 | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.09) | ref | |||
| Ever used marijuana in an e-cigarette | ||||||||
| Exposed | 16.9 | 20.6 | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | .59 | 1.35 (1.19, 1.53) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) | .53 |
| Unexposed | 17.6 | 20.8 | 1.23 (1.14, 1.32) | ref | 1.29 (1.20, 1.39) | ref | ||
| Access to e-cigarettes | ||||||||
| Easy to obtain | ||||||||
| Exposed | 30.6 | 39.2 | 1.46 (1.17, 1.84) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.29) | .96 | 1.57 (1.27, 1.95) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | .85 |
| Unexposed | 34.6 | 43.5 | 1.46 (1.30, 1.62) | ref | 1.54 (1.39, 1.70) | ref | ||
Abbreviations: CHKS, California Healthy Kids Survey; D-I-D, Differences in differences analysis; OR, odds ratio.
Bold values indicate statistically significant odds ratios comparing pre- to post-policy change in each outcome (p < .05).
Adjusted for gender, grade, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, parent education, type of home, home language, term, school size, percent of school eligible for Free or Reduced Price Meals, population density, and the number of tobacco retailers within 1000’ of a school.
p-value for interaction term between year and FTSR exposure status.
20–30 times/month among current users (n = 10 304).
Association Between Exposure to Any Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions and Student E-cigarette Use, CHKS 2017/2018 and 2019/2020
| . | Pre-policy 2017/2018 . | Post-policy 2019/2020 . | Post compared with pre-policy . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted (n = 86 958) . | Adjusteda (n = 77 760) . | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) . | D-I-D OR (95% CI) . | pb . | OR (95% CI) . | D-I-D OR (95% CI) . | pb . | |||
| Current e-cigarette use | ||||||||
| Exposed | 10.5 | 11.1 | 1.06 (0.84, 1.36) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.58) | .14 | 1.12 (0.86, 1.45) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) | .11 |
| Unexposed | 12.8 | 11.4 | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) | ref | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | ref | ||
| Almost daily e-cigarette usec | ||||||||
| Exposed | 20.8 | 22.7 | 1.12 (0.81, 1.55) | 0.94 (0.66, 1.33) | .71 | 1.27 (0.91, 1.79) | 1.01 (0.71, 1.46) | .94 |
| Unexposed | 21.2 | 24.3 | 1.19 (1.06, 1.34) | 1.25 (1.10, 1.42) | ||||
| Ever e-cigarette use | ||||||||
| Exposed | 20.8 | 21.5 | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | .51 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.27) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) | .52 |
| Unexposed | 24.0 | 23.8 | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.09) | ref | |||
| Ever used marijuana in an e-cigarette | ||||||||
| Exposed | 16.9 | 20.6 | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | .59 | 1.35 (1.19, 1.53) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) | .53 |
| Unexposed | 17.6 | 20.8 | 1.23 (1.14, 1.32) | ref | 1.29 (1.20, 1.39) | ref | ||
| Access to e-cigarettes | ||||||||
| Easy to obtain | ||||||||
| Exposed | 30.6 | 39.2 | 1.46 (1.17, 1.84) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.29) | .96 | 1.57 (1.27, 1.95) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | .85 |
| Unexposed | 34.6 | 43.5 | 1.46 (1.30, 1.62) | ref | 1.54 (1.39, 1.70) | ref | ||
| . | Pre-policy 2017/2018 . | Post-policy 2019/2020 . | Post compared with pre-policy . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted (n = 86 958) . | Adjusteda (n = 77 760) . | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) . | D-I-D OR (95% CI) . | pb . | OR (95% CI) . | D-I-D OR (95% CI) . | pb . | |||
| Current e-cigarette use | ||||||||
| Exposed | 10.5 | 11.1 | 1.06 (0.84, 1.36) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.58) | .14 | 1.12 (0.86, 1.45) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) | .11 |
| Unexposed | 12.8 | 11.4 | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) | ref | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | ref | ||
| Almost daily e-cigarette usec | ||||||||
| Exposed | 20.8 | 22.7 | 1.12 (0.81, 1.55) | 0.94 (0.66, 1.33) | .71 | 1.27 (0.91, 1.79) | 1.01 (0.71, 1.46) | .94 |
| Unexposed | 21.2 | 24.3 | 1.19 (1.06, 1.34) | 1.25 (1.10, 1.42) | ||||
| Ever e-cigarette use | ||||||||
| Exposed | 20.8 | 21.5 | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | .51 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.27) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) | .52 |
| Unexposed | 24.0 | 23.8 | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.09) | ref | |||
| Ever used marijuana in an e-cigarette | ||||||||
| Exposed | 16.9 | 20.6 | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | .59 | 1.35 (1.19, 1.53) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) | .53 |
| Unexposed | 17.6 | 20.8 | 1.23 (1.14, 1.32) | ref | 1.29 (1.20, 1.39) | ref | ||
| Access to e-cigarettes | ||||||||
| Easy to obtain | ||||||||
| Exposed | 30.6 | 39.2 | 1.46 (1.17, 1.84) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.29) | .96 | 1.57 (1.27, 1.95) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | .85 |
| Unexposed | 34.6 | 43.5 | 1.46 (1.30, 1.62) | ref | 1.54 (1.39, 1.70) | ref | ||
Abbreviations: CHKS, California Healthy Kids Survey; D-I-D, Differences in differences analysis; OR, odds ratio.
Bold values indicate statistically significant odds ratios comparing pre- to post-policy change in each outcome (p < .05).
Adjusted for gender, grade, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, parent education, type of home, home language, term, school size, percent of school eligible for Free or Reduced Price Meals, population density, and the number of tobacco retailers within 1000’ of a school.
p-value for interaction term between year and FTSR exposure status.
20–30 times/month among current users (n = 10 304).
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