Characteristics of High School Students in California by Flavored Tobacco Sales Restriction Category, CHKS 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 (n = 86 958)
| . | 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 . | Pre-policy 2017/2018 . | Post-policy 2019/2020 . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unexposed (n = 35 070) . | Exposed (n = 11 465) . | Unexposed (n = 31 056) . | Exposed (n = 9367) . | ||
| Number of cities | 40 | 33 | 7 | 33 | 7 |
| Number of schools | 79 | 53 | 26 | 53 | 26 |
| Student variables | |||||
| Male | 49.9 | 49.9 | 50.1 | 49.7 | 50.4 |
| 11th grade | 45.5 | 46.0 | 45.2 | 45.3 | 44.5 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 35.5 | 35.2 | 33.7 | 36.9 | 34.6 |
| NH American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.49 |
| NH Asian | 19.1 | 18.3 | 22.0 | 17.8 | 23.1 |
| NH Black | 4.7 | 3.7 | 8.6 | 3.5 | 7.5 |
| NH Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.4 |
| NH White | 26.8 | 28.1 | 23.6 | 27.8 | 22.3 |
| NH Mixed | 11.2 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 10.8 |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Straight | 84.7 | 85.4 | 84.8 | 84.4 | 82.8 |
| Gay, lesbian, or bisexual | 9.0 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 10.4 |
| Not sure or something else | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
| Parents education | |||||
| <High school | 11.9 | 10.4 | 16.0 | 11.1 | 15.2 |
| High school | 13.5 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 13.2 | 13.5 |
| Some college | 11.9 | 13.2 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 9.2 |
| College graduate | 51.9 | 50.1 | 46.7 | 53.5 | 48.5 |
| Don’t know | 10.8 | 9.9 | 12.7 | 10.3 | 13.6 |
| Type of home | |||||
| Home with a parent | 92.9 | 93.2 | 91.4 | 93.6 | 91.8 |
| Relative/friend’s home | 5.0 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 4.5 | 5.9 |
| Foster, hotel, shelter, other | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
| Home language | |||||
| English | 68.8 | 69.3 | 61.3 | 72.1 | 65.0 |
| Spanish | 19.2 | 17.8 | 21.0 | 19.5 | 21.8 |
| Other | 12.0 | 12.9 | 17.7 | 8.3 | 13.2 |
| School level variables | |||||
| >2000 students | 25.8 | 30.1 | 15.2 | 28.0 | 15.7 |
| ≥50% of school eligible for FRPM | 18.6 | 11.4 | 39.4* | 13.4 | 37.6* |
| City level variables | |||||
| Population density (population/land area) | |||||
| <3520 | 28.5 | 31.4 | 17.9 | 31.8 | 20.2 |
| 3520–4226 | 22.8 | 24.0 | 20.6 | 24.9 | 14.4 |
| 4226–7620 | 21.1 | 25.3 | 9.7 | 23.8 | 10.9 |
| >7620 | 27.5 | 19.4 | 51.9 | 19.5 | 54.5 |
| Number of tobacco retailers within 1000 feet of a school (mean) | 9.2 | 5.9 | 12.5 | 6.0 | 12.7 |
| . | 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 . | Pre-policy 2017/2018 . | Post-policy 2019/2020 . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unexposed (n = 35 070) . | Exposed (n = 11 465) . | Unexposed (n = 31 056) . | Exposed (n = 9367) . | ||
| Number of cities | 40 | 33 | 7 | 33 | 7 |
| Number of schools | 79 | 53 | 26 | 53 | 26 |
| Student variables | |||||
| Male | 49.9 | 49.9 | 50.1 | 49.7 | 50.4 |
| 11th grade | 45.5 | 46.0 | 45.2 | 45.3 | 44.5 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 35.5 | 35.2 | 33.7 | 36.9 | 34.6 |
| NH American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.49 |
| NH Asian | 19.1 | 18.3 | 22.0 | 17.8 | 23.1 |
| NH Black | 4.7 | 3.7 | 8.6 | 3.5 | 7.5 |
| NH Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.4 |
| NH White | 26.8 | 28.1 | 23.6 | 27.8 | 22.3 |
| NH Mixed | 11.2 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 10.8 |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Straight | 84.7 | 85.4 | 84.8 | 84.4 | 82.8 |
| Gay, lesbian, or bisexual | 9.0 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 10.4 |
| Not sure or something else | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
| Parents education | |||||
| <High school | 11.9 | 10.4 | 16.0 | 11.1 | 15.2 |
| High school | 13.5 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 13.2 | 13.5 |
| Some college | 11.9 | 13.2 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 9.2 |
| College graduate | 51.9 | 50.1 | 46.7 | 53.5 | 48.5 |
| Don’t know | 10.8 | 9.9 | 12.7 | 10.3 | 13.6 |
| Type of home | |||||
| Home with a parent | 92.9 | 93.2 | 91.4 | 93.6 | 91.8 |
| Relative/friend’s home | 5.0 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 4.5 | 5.9 |
| Foster, hotel, shelter, other | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
| Home language | |||||
| English | 68.8 | 69.3 | 61.3 | 72.1 | 65.0 |
| Spanish | 19.2 | 17.8 | 21.0 | 19.5 | 21.8 |
| Other | 12.0 | 12.9 | 17.7 | 8.3 | 13.2 |
| School level variables | |||||
| >2000 students | 25.8 | 30.1 | 15.2 | 28.0 | 15.7 |
| ≥50% of school eligible for FRPM | 18.6 | 11.4 | 39.4* | 13.4 | 37.6* |
| City level variables | |||||
| Population density (population/land area) | |||||
| <3520 | 28.5 | 31.4 | 17.9 | 31.8 | 20.2 |
| 3520–4226 | 22.8 | 24.0 | 20.6 | 24.9 | 14.4 |
| 4226–7620 | 21.1 | 25.3 | 9.7 | 23.8 | 10.9 |
| >7620 | 27.5 | 19.4 | 51.9 | 19.5 | 54.5 |
| Number of tobacco retailers within 1000 feet of a school (mean) | 9.2 | 5.9 | 12.5 | 6.0 | 12.7 |
Abbreviations: CHKS, California Healthy Kids Survey; FRPM, Free or Reduced Price Meal; FTSR, Flavored Tobacco Sales Restriction; NH, Non-Hispanic.
*p-value from chi-square test <.05 comparing unexposed (no FTSR) to exposed (FTSR) students by year.
Sources:
School level variables (school size and percent eligible for FRPMs) from the 2020 California Department of Education.
Population (2015–2019 American Community Survey) and number of tobacco retailers within 1000’ of a public school (2018 California Department of Tax and Fee Administration) obtained from The California Tobacco Health Assessment Tool (https://cthat.org).
Land area—2010 Census.
Characteristics of High School Students in California by Flavored Tobacco Sales Restriction Category, CHKS 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 (n = 86 958)
| . | 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 . | Pre-policy 2017/2018 . | Post-policy 2019/2020 . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unexposed (n = 35 070) . | Exposed (n = 11 465) . | Unexposed (n = 31 056) . | Exposed (n = 9367) . | ||
| Number of cities | 40 | 33 | 7 | 33 | 7 |
| Number of schools | 79 | 53 | 26 | 53 | 26 |
| Student variables | |||||
| Male | 49.9 | 49.9 | 50.1 | 49.7 | 50.4 |
| 11th grade | 45.5 | 46.0 | 45.2 | 45.3 | 44.5 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 35.5 | 35.2 | 33.7 | 36.9 | 34.6 |
| NH American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.49 |
| NH Asian | 19.1 | 18.3 | 22.0 | 17.8 | 23.1 |
| NH Black | 4.7 | 3.7 | 8.6 | 3.5 | 7.5 |
| NH Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.4 |
| NH White | 26.8 | 28.1 | 23.6 | 27.8 | 22.3 |
| NH Mixed | 11.2 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 10.8 |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Straight | 84.7 | 85.4 | 84.8 | 84.4 | 82.8 |
| Gay, lesbian, or bisexual | 9.0 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 10.4 |
| Not sure or something else | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
| Parents education | |||||
| <High school | 11.9 | 10.4 | 16.0 | 11.1 | 15.2 |
| High school | 13.5 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 13.2 | 13.5 |
| Some college | 11.9 | 13.2 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 9.2 |
| College graduate | 51.9 | 50.1 | 46.7 | 53.5 | 48.5 |
| Don’t know | 10.8 | 9.9 | 12.7 | 10.3 | 13.6 |
| Type of home | |||||
| Home with a parent | 92.9 | 93.2 | 91.4 | 93.6 | 91.8 |
| Relative/friend’s home | 5.0 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 4.5 | 5.9 |
| Foster, hotel, shelter, other | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
| Home language | |||||
| English | 68.8 | 69.3 | 61.3 | 72.1 | 65.0 |
| Spanish | 19.2 | 17.8 | 21.0 | 19.5 | 21.8 |
| Other | 12.0 | 12.9 | 17.7 | 8.3 | 13.2 |
| School level variables | |||||
| >2000 students | 25.8 | 30.1 | 15.2 | 28.0 | 15.7 |
| ≥50% of school eligible for FRPM | 18.6 | 11.4 | 39.4* | 13.4 | 37.6* |
| City level variables | |||||
| Population density (population/land area) | |||||
| <3520 | 28.5 | 31.4 | 17.9 | 31.8 | 20.2 |
| 3520–4226 | 22.8 | 24.0 | 20.6 | 24.9 | 14.4 |
| 4226–7620 | 21.1 | 25.3 | 9.7 | 23.8 | 10.9 |
| >7620 | 27.5 | 19.4 | 51.9 | 19.5 | 54.5 |
| Number of tobacco retailers within 1000 feet of a school (mean) | 9.2 | 5.9 | 12.5 | 6.0 | 12.7 |
| . | 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 . | Pre-policy 2017/2018 . | Post-policy 2019/2020 . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unexposed (n = 35 070) . | Exposed (n = 11 465) . | Unexposed (n = 31 056) . | Exposed (n = 9367) . | ||
| Number of cities | 40 | 33 | 7 | 33 | 7 |
| Number of schools | 79 | 53 | 26 | 53 | 26 |
| Student variables | |||||
| Male | 49.9 | 49.9 | 50.1 | 49.7 | 50.4 |
| 11th grade | 45.5 | 46.0 | 45.2 | 45.3 | 44.5 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 35.5 | 35.2 | 33.7 | 36.9 | 34.6 |
| NH American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.49 |
| NH Asian | 19.1 | 18.3 | 22.0 | 17.8 | 23.1 |
| NH Black | 4.7 | 3.7 | 8.6 | 3.5 | 7.5 |
| NH Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.4 |
| NH White | 26.8 | 28.1 | 23.6 | 27.8 | 22.3 |
| NH Mixed | 11.2 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 10.8 |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Straight | 84.7 | 85.4 | 84.8 | 84.4 | 82.8 |
| Gay, lesbian, or bisexual | 9.0 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 10.4 |
| Not sure or something else | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
| Parents education | |||||
| <High school | 11.9 | 10.4 | 16.0 | 11.1 | 15.2 |
| High school | 13.5 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 13.2 | 13.5 |
| Some college | 11.9 | 13.2 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 9.2 |
| College graduate | 51.9 | 50.1 | 46.7 | 53.5 | 48.5 |
| Don’t know | 10.8 | 9.9 | 12.7 | 10.3 | 13.6 |
| Type of home | |||||
| Home with a parent | 92.9 | 93.2 | 91.4 | 93.6 | 91.8 |
| Relative/friend’s home | 5.0 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 4.5 | 5.9 |
| Foster, hotel, shelter, other | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
| Home language | |||||
| English | 68.8 | 69.3 | 61.3 | 72.1 | 65.0 |
| Spanish | 19.2 | 17.8 | 21.0 | 19.5 | 21.8 |
| Other | 12.0 | 12.9 | 17.7 | 8.3 | 13.2 |
| School level variables | |||||
| >2000 students | 25.8 | 30.1 | 15.2 | 28.0 | 15.7 |
| ≥50% of school eligible for FRPM | 18.6 | 11.4 | 39.4* | 13.4 | 37.6* |
| City level variables | |||||
| Population density (population/land area) | |||||
| <3520 | 28.5 | 31.4 | 17.9 | 31.8 | 20.2 |
| 3520–4226 | 22.8 | 24.0 | 20.6 | 24.9 | 14.4 |
| 4226–7620 | 21.1 | 25.3 | 9.7 | 23.8 | 10.9 |
| >7620 | 27.5 | 19.4 | 51.9 | 19.5 | 54.5 |
| Number of tobacco retailers within 1000 feet of a school (mean) | 9.2 | 5.9 | 12.5 | 6.0 | 12.7 |
Abbreviations: CHKS, California Healthy Kids Survey; FRPM, Free or Reduced Price Meal; FTSR, Flavored Tobacco Sales Restriction; NH, Non-Hispanic.
*p-value from chi-square test <.05 comparing unexposed (no FTSR) to exposed (FTSR) students by year.
Sources:
School level variables (school size and percent eligible for FRPMs) from the 2020 California Department of Education.
Population (2015–2019 American Community Survey) and number of tobacco retailers within 1000’ of a public school (2018 California Department of Tax and Fee Administration) obtained from The California Tobacco Health Assessment Tool (https://cthat.org).
Land area—2010 Census.
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