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Table 5. Objective Assessment of Postoperative Follow-Up

StudyRadiologic examinationFellow-up (mo)Examination resultsChest Measurement(cm)Volume Measurement MethodTiming of Measuremet(mo)complicationsnumber
Abboud and Dibo, 201524ultrasound mammographyMRI0,12negative for pathologic findings—MRIbra size0,120,6cyst formation infection9,2
Auclair, 2009mammography——————0
Auclair et al, 201310photographsmammography0,12negative for pathologic findings—quantitativethree-dimensional breast imaging0,12cystic masscapsular contractureinsufficient soft-tissue coveragedonor-site deformity2,1,5,1
Atia, 2020mammography ultrasound scans0,6,12solid nodules cystic lesions microcalcifications———pain fat necrosis irregularities fluid collection asymmetry lipo-necrotic cyst4,1,3,2,1,1
Auclair, 2020mammogram0,1,6,12————seromainsufficient soft-tissue coveragecapsular contracture2,13,8
Bircoll, 2010——————microcalcifications8
Brault et al, 201711————digital imaging software0,12oil cysts2
Bravo, 2014———mean length between parasternal vertical aesthetic lines preop 1.43 ± 0.61 cm postop 0.60 ± 0.32 cmphotographs12unilateral Baker grade II capsular contracture2
Bresnick, 2016MRI——————0
Carvajal and Patino, 2008mammogram0,6–84BI–RADS 2 (85%) and 3 (15%) microcalcifications oil cystslipid cysts———oil cysts4
Chiu, 2014ultrasound MRI0,2–11 0,1–8—mean postoperative change in BCD3.5 cmphysical examination6.8recipient site infection fat necrosis13,7
Chiu, 2016ultrasound0,3,6,12—breast thickness change was 13.1 mmultrasonography12recipient site infection fat necrosis small induration6
Chiu, 201816ultrasound MRI0,3,6,12induration necrosis cysts—3D laser scanning0,3,6,12indurationnecrosis cysts4,6
Claudio et al, 2017ultrasound—oil cyst———oil cyst4
Coleman and Saboeiro, 200713mammograms0,12breast cancer———local infection small nodule calcificationsbreast cancer102
Cotrufo et al, 2008——————necrosis1
Del Vecchio and Bucky, 2011MRI0,6——MRI0,6—0
Del Vecchio, 201419————quantitative volumetric breast imaging0,12——
Delay et al, 200918mammography ultrasound MRI0.5, 3,12oily cysts 15%—photographs MRI0.5 3 12infection4
Delay et al, 2013mammography ultrasound MRI0,12oily cysts 20%—photographs MRI0,12—0
Derder et al, 201420ultrasound mammography MRI0,0.5, 3,6,12ACR 1(92.3%) ACR 2(7.7%) oil cysts—photographs mammography ultrasoundMRI0,0.5,3,6,12——
Deschler et al, 202025MRI0,12cytosteatonecrosis———oil cysts hypertrophic scars2, 1
Dos Anjos et al, 201517ultrasound6oil cysts—3D18fat necrosis3
Fiaschetti et al, 2013mammography ultrasound MRI0,3,6——mammography ultrasound MRI0,3,6,12——
Guo et al, 201821MRIultrasound0,3BI–RADS 1– 2—MRI0,3—0
Gutierrez-Ontalvilla et al, 2020ultrasound0,1,3,6,12oil cysts———painful nodule1
Herly et al, 2019MRI———MRI4.5——
Herold et al, 2010MRI0,6-MRI0,6—
Ho Quoc et al, 201312——————infectionswound healing fat necrosis40
Ho Quoc et al, 2015MRI0,12——MRI0,12—0
Illouz and Sterodimas, 2009mammography ultrasound0,6,12BI–RADS 1or 2—MRI0,12striae hematomas infections53
Jung et al, 2016mammography ultrasoundMRI0,3,12BI–RADS 1or 2 oil cysts 3—MRI0,3,12oil cystssole cyst multiple cysts3,1,1
Kamakura and Ito, 2011mammograms9liponecrotic cyst 2—clinicalmammograms9liponecrotic cyst2
Kang and Luan, 201814ultrasounds3——breast palpation ultrasound3palpable nodules21
Kerfant et al, 2017mammograms0ACR 1– 2—MRI—hematoma infectionsbaker grade II/III contractures malrotation11
Khouri et al, 2012mammography ultrasound0,3,6,12fat necrosis calcifications—MRI0,3,6,12atypicalmycobacterial infection1
Khouri et al, 2014mammography ultrasound12cyst—3Dphotographic imagingMRI0,6,12cyst infectionpneumothorax124
Klit et al, 20155———————0
La Marca et al, 2013———————0
Li et al, 2014mammography MRI0————calcificationssmall nodules5
Maione et al, 2018ultrasound mammograph0,0.5,3, 12—————0
Muench, 2016mammography ultrasound0,6————contour irregu- laritiesasymmetries6,5
Münch, 2013——————hematomaasymmetries9
Ohashi et al, 2016ultrasound3,6partial fat necrosisoverall bust size decreased slightly 2.0 ± 3.0 cmtop bust and under bust measurements6implant removal seromanoduleshematomafat necrosis4,4,1, 3
Özalp and Aydinol, 2017ultrasound18—Mean increase above inframammary fold 1.3 cmultrasonograph18cyst formationcapsular contracture2,4
Peltoniemi et al, 2013 15mammogram ultrasound0,18,24small oil cysts—MRI6cysts3
Pinsolle et al, 2008——————necrosis1
Quoc et al, 2013ultrasoundmammography MRI0,12oil cysts————0
Rubin et al, 2012mammograms0,12oil cysts calcificationsfat necrosis—mammogram0,6,12——
Serra-Mestr et al, 2017———mean inter mammary distance from 3 ± 0.6 cm to 1.7 ± 0.4 cmintermammary distances0,12oil cystdissymmetry1,2
Sforza et al, 201622————3D imaging0,12——
Spear and Pittman, 201423mammograms MRI0,12BI–RADS 4 mammograms—MRI2D3D0,12——
Tassinari et al, 2016——————cyst formation37
Ueberreiter et al, 2010————MRI0,6——
Ueberreiter et al, 2013MRI0,6——MRI6——
Veber et al, 2011mammograms0,16microcalcifications macrocalcifications cystic lesions—————
Visconti and Salgarello, 2019mammographyultrasound scans0,12—————0
Wang et al, 2011mammograms18microcalcifications———microcalcifications8
Wang et al, 2012MRI0,3,6——MRI0,3,6small nodules1
Wang et al, 2015mammography0,3,6BI–RADS 2–3—MRI0,3,6—0
Yoshimura et al, 20088mammography MRI0,6cyst microcalcificationschest circumferenceincreased 4-8cmclinical MRI6palpable nodules1
Yoshimura et al, 20109mammography MRI0,12——MRI3D measurements0,12—0
Zheng et al, 2008ultrasound mammographyMRI0,1,3,6,12cystsliponecrotic cysts calcification———liponecrotic cysts palpable nodules11, 2
Zheng et al, 2019MRI0,3,6——3D scanner0,3——
Zocchi and Zuliani, 20086ultrasoundmammography MRI0,6,12——mammograms ultrasonograms12liponecrosis microcyst microcalcifications5,7
Zocchi, 20177————mammograms ultrasonograms12infectionslocalized liponecrosisoil cystmacro calcificationslocalized liponecrosis oil cystmacro calcifications25,5
StudyRadiologic examinationFellow-up (mo)Examination resultsChest Measurement(cm)Volume Measurement MethodTiming of Measuremet(mo)complicationsnumber
Abboud and Dibo, 201524ultrasound mammographyMRI0,12negative for pathologic findings—MRIbra size0,120,6cyst formation infection9,2
Auclair, 2009mammography——————0
Auclair et al, 201310photographsmammography0,12negative for pathologic findings—quantitativethree-dimensional breast imaging0,12cystic masscapsular contractureinsufficient soft-tissue coveragedonor-site deformity2,1,5,1
Atia, 2020mammography ultrasound scans0,6,12solid nodules cystic lesions microcalcifications———pain fat necrosis irregularities fluid collection asymmetry lipo-necrotic cyst4,1,3,2,1,1
Auclair, 2020mammogram0,1,6,12————seromainsufficient soft-tissue coveragecapsular contracture2,13,8
Bircoll, 2010——————microcalcifications8
Brault et al, 201711————digital imaging software0,12oil cysts2
Bravo, 2014———mean length between parasternal vertical aesthetic lines preop 1.43 ± 0.61 cm postop 0.60 ± 0.32 cmphotographs12unilateral Baker grade II capsular contracture2
Bresnick, 2016MRI——————0
Carvajal and Patino, 2008mammogram0,6–84BI–RADS 2 (85%) and 3 (15%) microcalcifications oil cystslipid cysts———oil cysts4
Chiu, 2014ultrasound MRI0,2–11 0,1–8—mean postoperative change in BCD3.5 cmphysical examination6.8recipient site infection fat necrosis13,7
Chiu, 2016ultrasound0,3,6,12—breast thickness change was 13.1 mmultrasonography12recipient site infection fat necrosis small induration6
Chiu, 201816ultrasound MRI0,3,6,12induration necrosis cysts—3D laser scanning0,3,6,12indurationnecrosis cysts4,6
Claudio et al, 2017ultrasound—oil cyst———oil cyst4
Coleman and Saboeiro, 200713mammograms0,12breast cancer———local infection small nodule calcificationsbreast cancer102
Cotrufo et al, 2008——————necrosis1
Del Vecchio and Bucky, 2011MRI0,6——MRI0,6—0
Del Vecchio, 201419————quantitative volumetric breast imaging0,12——
Delay et al, 200918mammography ultrasound MRI0.5, 3,12oily cysts 15%—photographs MRI0.5 3 12infection4
Delay et al, 2013mammography ultrasound MRI0,12oily cysts 20%—photographs MRI0,12—0
Derder et al, 201420ultrasound mammography MRI0,0.5, 3,6,12ACR 1(92.3%) ACR 2(7.7%) oil cysts—photographs mammography ultrasoundMRI0,0.5,3,6,12——
Deschler et al, 202025MRI0,12cytosteatonecrosis———oil cysts hypertrophic scars2, 1
Dos Anjos et al, 201517ultrasound6oil cysts—3D18fat necrosis3
Fiaschetti et al, 2013mammography ultrasound MRI0,3,6——mammography ultrasound MRI0,3,6,12——
Guo et al, 201821MRIultrasound0,3BI–RADS 1– 2—MRI0,3—0
Gutierrez-Ontalvilla et al, 2020ultrasound0,1,3,6,12oil cysts———painful nodule1
Herly et al, 2019MRI———MRI4.5——
Herold et al, 2010MRI0,6-MRI0,6—
Ho Quoc et al, 201312——————infectionswound healing fat necrosis40
Ho Quoc et al, 2015MRI0,12——MRI0,12—0
Illouz and Sterodimas, 2009mammography ultrasound0,6,12BI–RADS 1or 2—MRI0,12striae hematomas infections53
Jung et al, 2016mammography ultrasoundMRI0,3,12BI–RADS 1or 2 oil cysts 3—MRI0,3,12oil cystssole cyst multiple cysts3,1,1
Kamakura and Ito, 2011mammograms9liponecrotic cyst 2—clinicalmammograms9liponecrotic cyst2
Kang and Luan, 201814ultrasounds3——breast palpation ultrasound3palpable nodules21
Kerfant et al, 2017mammograms0ACR 1– 2—MRI—hematoma infectionsbaker grade II/III contractures malrotation11
Khouri et al, 2012mammography ultrasound0,3,6,12fat necrosis calcifications—MRI0,3,6,12atypicalmycobacterial infection1
Khouri et al, 2014mammography ultrasound12cyst—3Dphotographic imagingMRI0,6,12cyst infectionpneumothorax124
Klit et al, 20155———————0
La Marca et al, 2013———————0
Li et al, 2014mammography MRI0————calcificationssmall nodules5
Maione et al, 2018ultrasound mammograph0,0.5,3, 12—————0
Muench, 2016mammography ultrasound0,6————contour irregu- laritiesasymmetries6,5
Münch, 2013——————hematomaasymmetries9
Ohashi et al, 2016ultrasound3,6partial fat necrosisoverall bust size decreased slightly 2.0 ± 3.0 cmtop bust and under bust measurements6implant removal seromanoduleshematomafat necrosis4,4,1, 3
Özalp and Aydinol, 2017ultrasound18—Mean increase above inframammary fold 1.3 cmultrasonograph18cyst formationcapsular contracture2,4
Peltoniemi et al, 2013 15mammogram ultrasound0,18,24small oil cysts—MRI6cysts3
Pinsolle et al, 2008——————necrosis1
Quoc et al, 2013ultrasoundmammography MRI0,12oil cysts————0
Rubin et al, 2012mammograms0,12oil cysts calcificationsfat necrosis—mammogram0,6,12——
Serra-Mestr et al, 2017———mean inter mammary distance from 3 ± 0.6 cm to 1.7 ± 0.4 cmintermammary distances0,12oil cystdissymmetry1,2
Sforza et al, 201622————3D imaging0,12——
Spear and Pittman, 201423mammograms MRI0,12BI–RADS 4 mammograms—MRI2D3D0,12——
Tassinari et al, 2016——————cyst formation37
Ueberreiter et al, 2010————MRI0,6——
Ueberreiter et al, 2013MRI0,6——MRI6——
Veber et al, 2011mammograms0,16microcalcifications macrocalcifications cystic lesions—————
Visconti and Salgarello, 2019mammographyultrasound scans0,12—————0
Wang et al, 2011mammograms18microcalcifications———microcalcifications8
Wang et al, 2012MRI0,3,6——MRI0,3,6small nodules1
Wang et al, 2015mammography0,3,6BI–RADS 2–3—MRI0,3,6—0
Yoshimura et al, 20088mammography MRI0,6cyst microcalcificationschest circumferenceincreased 4-8cmclinical MRI6palpable nodules1
Yoshimura et al, 20109mammography MRI0,12——MRI3D measurements0,12—0
Zheng et al, 2008ultrasound mammographyMRI0,1,3,6,12cystsliponecrotic cysts calcification———liponecrotic cysts palpable nodules11, 2
Zheng et al, 2019MRI0,3,6——3D scanner0,3——
Zocchi and Zuliani, 20086ultrasoundmammography MRI0,6,12——mammograms ultrasonograms12liponecrosis microcyst microcalcifications5,7
Zocchi, 20177————mammograms ultrasonograms12infectionslocalized liponecrosisoil cystmacro calcificationslocalized liponecrosis oil cystmacro calcifications25,5

—, not reported; ACR, American College of Radiology; BCD, breast circumference; BI–RADS, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System; 2D, 2-dimensional; 3D, 3-dimensional; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

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Table 5. Objective Assessment of Postoperative Follow-Up

StudyRadiologic examinationFellow-up (mo)Examination resultsChest Measurement(cm)Volume Measurement MethodTiming of Measuremet(mo)complicationsnumber
Abboud and Dibo, 201524ultrasound mammographyMRI0,12negative for pathologic findings—MRIbra size0,120,6cyst formation infection9,2
Auclair, 2009mammography——————0
Auclair et al, 201310photographsmammography0,12negative for pathologic findings—quantitativethree-dimensional breast imaging0,12cystic masscapsular contractureinsufficient soft-tissue coveragedonor-site deformity2,1,5,1
Atia, 2020mammography ultrasound scans0,6,12solid nodules cystic lesions microcalcifications———pain fat necrosis irregularities fluid collection asymmetry lipo-necrotic cyst4,1,3,2,1,1
Auclair, 2020mammogram0,1,6,12————seromainsufficient soft-tissue coveragecapsular contracture2,13,8
Bircoll, 2010——————microcalcifications8
Brault et al, 201711————digital imaging software0,12oil cysts2
Bravo, 2014———mean length between parasternal vertical aesthetic lines preop 1.43 ± 0.61 cm postop 0.60 ± 0.32 cmphotographs12unilateral Baker grade II capsular contracture2
Bresnick, 2016MRI——————0
Carvajal and Patino, 2008mammogram0,6–84BI–RADS 2 (85%) and 3 (15%) microcalcifications oil cystslipid cysts———oil cysts4
Chiu, 2014ultrasound MRI0,2–11 0,1–8—mean postoperative change in BCD3.5 cmphysical examination6.8recipient site infection fat necrosis13,7
Chiu, 2016ultrasound0,3,6,12—breast thickness change was 13.1 mmultrasonography12recipient site infection fat necrosis small induration6
Chiu, 201816ultrasound MRI0,3,6,12induration necrosis cysts—3D laser scanning0,3,6,12indurationnecrosis cysts4,6
Claudio et al, 2017ultrasound—oil cyst———oil cyst4
Coleman and Saboeiro, 200713mammograms0,12breast cancer———local infection small nodule calcificationsbreast cancer102
Cotrufo et al, 2008——————necrosis1
Del Vecchio and Bucky, 2011MRI0,6——MRI0,6—0
Del Vecchio, 201419————quantitative volumetric breast imaging0,12——
Delay et al, 200918mammography ultrasound MRI0.5, 3,12oily cysts 15%—photographs MRI0.5 3 12infection4
Delay et al, 2013mammography ultrasound MRI0,12oily cysts 20%—photographs MRI0,12—0
Derder et al, 201420ultrasound mammography MRI0,0.5, 3,6,12ACR 1(92.3%) ACR 2(7.7%) oil cysts—photographs mammography ultrasoundMRI0,0.5,3,6,12——
Deschler et al, 202025MRI0,12cytosteatonecrosis———oil cysts hypertrophic scars2, 1
Dos Anjos et al, 201517ultrasound6oil cysts—3D18fat necrosis3
Fiaschetti et al, 2013mammography ultrasound MRI0,3,6——mammography ultrasound MRI0,3,6,12——
Guo et al, 201821MRIultrasound0,3BI–RADS 1– 2—MRI0,3—0
Gutierrez-Ontalvilla et al, 2020ultrasound0,1,3,6,12oil cysts———painful nodule1
Herly et al, 2019MRI———MRI4.5——
Herold et al, 2010MRI0,6-MRI0,6—
Ho Quoc et al, 201312——————infectionswound healing fat necrosis40
Ho Quoc et al, 2015MRI0,12——MRI0,12—0
Illouz and Sterodimas, 2009mammography ultrasound0,6,12BI–RADS 1or 2—MRI0,12striae hematomas infections53
Jung et al, 2016mammography ultrasoundMRI0,3,12BI–RADS 1or 2 oil cysts 3—MRI0,3,12oil cystssole cyst multiple cysts3,1,1
Kamakura and Ito, 2011mammograms9liponecrotic cyst 2—clinicalmammograms9liponecrotic cyst2
Kang and Luan, 201814ultrasounds3——breast palpation ultrasound3palpable nodules21
Kerfant et al, 2017mammograms0ACR 1– 2—MRI—hematoma infectionsbaker grade II/III contractures malrotation11
Khouri et al, 2012mammography ultrasound0,3,6,12fat necrosis calcifications—MRI0,3,6,12atypicalmycobacterial infection1
Khouri et al, 2014mammography ultrasound12cyst—3Dphotographic imagingMRI0,6,12cyst infectionpneumothorax124
Klit et al, 20155———————0
La Marca et al, 2013———————0
Li et al, 2014mammography MRI0————calcificationssmall nodules5
Maione et al, 2018ultrasound mammograph0,0.5,3, 12—————0
Muench, 2016mammography ultrasound0,6————contour irregu- laritiesasymmetries6,5
Münch, 2013——————hematomaasymmetries9
Ohashi et al, 2016ultrasound3,6partial fat necrosisoverall bust size decreased slightly 2.0 ± 3.0 cmtop bust and under bust measurements6implant removal seromanoduleshematomafat necrosis4,4,1, 3
Özalp and Aydinol, 2017ultrasound18—Mean increase above inframammary fold 1.3 cmultrasonograph18cyst formationcapsular contracture2,4
Peltoniemi et al, 2013 15mammogram ultrasound0,18,24small oil cysts—MRI6cysts3
Pinsolle et al, 2008——————necrosis1
Quoc et al, 2013ultrasoundmammography MRI0,12oil cysts————0
Rubin et al, 2012mammograms0,12oil cysts calcificationsfat necrosis—mammogram0,6,12——
Serra-Mestr et al, 2017———mean inter mammary distance from 3 ± 0.6 cm to 1.7 ± 0.4 cmintermammary distances0,12oil cystdissymmetry1,2
Sforza et al, 201622————3D imaging0,12——
Spear and Pittman, 201423mammograms MRI0,12BI–RADS 4 mammograms—MRI2D3D0,12——
Tassinari et al, 2016——————cyst formation37
Ueberreiter et al, 2010————MRI0,6——
Ueberreiter et al, 2013MRI0,6——MRI6——
Veber et al, 2011mammograms0,16microcalcifications macrocalcifications cystic lesions—————
Visconti and Salgarello, 2019mammographyultrasound scans0,12—————0
Wang et al, 2011mammograms18microcalcifications———microcalcifications8
Wang et al, 2012MRI0,3,6——MRI0,3,6small nodules1
Wang et al, 2015mammography0,3,6BI–RADS 2–3—MRI0,3,6—0
Yoshimura et al, 20088mammography MRI0,6cyst microcalcificationschest circumferenceincreased 4-8cmclinical MRI6palpable nodules1
Yoshimura et al, 20109mammography MRI0,12——MRI3D measurements0,12—0
Zheng et al, 2008ultrasound mammographyMRI0,1,3,6,12cystsliponecrotic cysts calcification———liponecrotic cysts palpable nodules11, 2
Zheng et al, 2019MRI0,3,6——3D scanner0,3——
Zocchi and Zuliani, 20086ultrasoundmammography MRI0,6,12——mammograms ultrasonograms12liponecrosis microcyst microcalcifications5,7
Zocchi, 20177————mammograms ultrasonograms12infectionslocalized liponecrosisoil cystmacro calcificationslocalized liponecrosis oil cystmacro calcifications25,5
StudyRadiologic examinationFellow-up (mo)Examination resultsChest Measurement(cm)Volume Measurement MethodTiming of Measuremet(mo)complicationsnumber
Abboud and Dibo, 201524ultrasound mammographyMRI0,12negative for pathologic findings—MRIbra size0,120,6cyst formation infection9,2
Auclair, 2009mammography——————0
Auclair et al, 201310photographsmammography0,12negative for pathologic findings—quantitativethree-dimensional breast imaging0,12cystic masscapsular contractureinsufficient soft-tissue coveragedonor-site deformity2,1,5,1
Atia, 2020mammography ultrasound scans0,6,12solid nodules cystic lesions microcalcifications———pain fat necrosis irregularities fluid collection asymmetry lipo-necrotic cyst4,1,3,2,1,1
Auclair, 2020mammogram0,1,6,12————seromainsufficient soft-tissue coveragecapsular contracture2,13,8
Bircoll, 2010——————microcalcifications8
Brault et al, 201711————digital imaging software0,12oil cysts2
Bravo, 2014———mean length between parasternal vertical aesthetic lines preop 1.43 ± 0.61 cm postop 0.60 ± 0.32 cmphotographs12unilateral Baker grade II capsular contracture2
Bresnick, 2016MRI——————0
Carvajal and Patino, 2008mammogram0,6–84BI–RADS 2 (85%) and 3 (15%) microcalcifications oil cystslipid cysts———oil cysts4
Chiu, 2014ultrasound MRI0,2–11 0,1–8—mean postoperative change in BCD3.5 cmphysical examination6.8recipient site infection fat necrosis13,7
Chiu, 2016ultrasound0,3,6,12—breast thickness change was 13.1 mmultrasonography12recipient site infection fat necrosis small induration6
Chiu, 201816ultrasound MRI0,3,6,12induration necrosis cysts—3D laser scanning0,3,6,12indurationnecrosis cysts4,6
Claudio et al, 2017ultrasound—oil cyst———oil cyst4
Coleman and Saboeiro, 200713mammograms0,12breast cancer———local infection small nodule calcificationsbreast cancer102
Cotrufo et al, 2008——————necrosis1
Del Vecchio and Bucky, 2011MRI0,6——MRI0,6—0
Del Vecchio, 201419————quantitative volumetric breast imaging0,12——
Delay et al, 200918mammography ultrasound MRI0.5, 3,12oily cysts 15%—photographs MRI0.5 3 12infection4
Delay et al, 2013mammography ultrasound MRI0,12oily cysts 20%—photographs MRI0,12—0
Derder et al, 201420ultrasound mammography MRI0,0.5, 3,6,12ACR 1(92.3%) ACR 2(7.7%) oil cysts—photographs mammography ultrasoundMRI0,0.5,3,6,12——
Deschler et al, 202025MRI0,12cytosteatonecrosis———oil cysts hypertrophic scars2, 1
Dos Anjos et al, 201517ultrasound6oil cysts—3D18fat necrosis3
Fiaschetti et al, 2013mammography ultrasound MRI0,3,6——mammography ultrasound MRI0,3,6,12——
Guo et al, 201821MRIultrasound0,3BI–RADS 1– 2—MRI0,3—0
Gutierrez-Ontalvilla et al, 2020ultrasound0,1,3,6,12oil cysts———painful nodule1
Herly et al, 2019MRI———MRI4.5——
Herold et al, 2010MRI0,6-MRI0,6—
Ho Quoc et al, 201312——————infectionswound healing fat necrosis40
Ho Quoc et al, 2015MRI0,12——MRI0,12—0
Illouz and Sterodimas, 2009mammography ultrasound0,6,12BI–RADS 1or 2—MRI0,12striae hematomas infections53
Jung et al, 2016mammography ultrasoundMRI0,3,12BI–RADS 1or 2 oil cysts 3—MRI0,3,12oil cystssole cyst multiple cysts3,1,1
Kamakura and Ito, 2011mammograms9liponecrotic cyst 2—clinicalmammograms9liponecrotic cyst2
Kang and Luan, 201814ultrasounds3——breast palpation ultrasound3palpable nodules21
Kerfant et al, 2017mammograms0ACR 1– 2—MRI—hematoma infectionsbaker grade II/III contractures malrotation11
Khouri et al, 2012mammography ultrasound0,3,6,12fat necrosis calcifications—MRI0,3,6,12atypicalmycobacterial infection1
Khouri et al, 2014mammography ultrasound12cyst—3Dphotographic imagingMRI0,6,12cyst infectionpneumothorax124
Klit et al, 20155———————0
La Marca et al, 2013———————0
Li et al, 2014mammography MRI0————calcificationssmall nodules5
Maione et al, 2018ultrasound mammograph0,0.5,3, 12—————0
Muench, 2016mammography ultrasound0,6————contour irregu- laritiesasymmetries6,5
Münch, 2013——————hematomaasymmetries9
Ohashi et al, 2016ultrasound3,6partial fat necrosisoverall bust size decreased slightly 2.0 ± 3.0 cmtop bust and under bust measurements6implant removal seromanoduleshematomafat necrosis4,4,1, 3
Özalp and Aydinol, 2017ultrasound18—Mean increase above inframammary fold 1.3 cmultrasonograph18cyst formationcapsular contracture2,4
Peltoniemi et al, 2013 15mammogram ultrasound0,18,24small oil cysts—MRI6cysts3
Pinsolle et al, 2008——————necrosis1
Quoc et al, 2013ultrasoundmammography MRI0,12oil cysts————0
Rubin et al, 2012mammograms0,12oil cysts calcificationsfat necrosis—mammogram0,6,12——
Serra-Mestr et al, 2017———mean inter mammary distance from 3 ± 0.6 cm to 1.7 ± 0.4 cmintermammary distances0,12oil cystdissymmetry1,2
Sforza et al, 201622————3D imaging0,12——
Spear and Pittman, 201423mammograms MRI0,12BI–RADS 4 mammograms—MRI2D3D0,12——
Tassinari et al, 2016——————cyst formation37
Ueberreiter et al, 2010————MRI0,6——
Ueberreiter et al, 2013MRI0,6——MRI6——
Veber et al, 2011mammograms0,16microcalcifications macrocalcifications cystic lesions—————
Visconti and Salgarello, 2019mammographyultrasound scans0,12—————0
Wang et al, 2011mammograms18microcalcifications———microcalcifications8
Wang et al, 2012MRI0,3,6——MRI0,3,6small nodules1
Wang et al, 2015mammography0,3,6BI–RADS 2–3—MRI0,3,6—0
Yoshimura et al, 20088mammography MRI0,6cyst microcalcificationschest circumferenceincreased 4-8cmclinical MRI6palpable nodules1
Yoshimura et al, 20109mammography MRI0,12——MRI3D measurements0,12—0
Zheng et al, 2008ultrasound mammographyMRI0,1,3,6,12cystsliponecrotic cysts calcification———liponecrotic cysts palpable nodules11, 2
Zheng et al, 2019MRI0,3,6——3D scanner0,3——
Zocchi and Zuliani, 20086ultrasoundmammography MRI0,6,12——mammograms ultrasonograms12liponecrosis microcyst microcalcifications5,7
Zocchi, 20177————mammograms ultrasonograms12infectionslocalized liponecrosisoil cystmacro calcificationslocalized liponecrosis oil cystmacro calcifications25,5

—, not reported; ACR, American College of Radiology; BCD, breast circumference; BI–RADS, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System; 2D, 2-dimensional; 3D, 3-dimensional; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

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