Table 1. Open in new tab Descriptive...

					By subgroup	Significant differences at 0.05
Loneliness	2.82	1.91	1	7	2.81	2.66	2.99	3.03	*	*	*	*	*
Scale: Neighborhood satisfaction (0 = totally dissatisfied; 10 = totally satisfied)	7.6	1.49	0	10	7.67	7.63	7.23	7.7		*		*		*
Satisfaction with:
“How safe you feel”	8.15	1.59	0	10	8.22	8.25	7.74	8.24		*		*		*
“Feeling part of your local community”	6.73	2.22	0	10	6.82	6.65	6.41	6.95	*	*		*	*	*
“The neighborhood in which you live”	7.91	1.67	0	10	7.97	8	7.56	7.9		*
Scale: Neighborhood conditions (Higher = better conditions)	3.46	0.61	1	5	3.47	3.47	3.45	3.26		*	*		*	*
“How common are the following things in your local neighborhood?” (1 = never happens; 5 = very common)
Noise from airplanes, trains, or industry	2.52	1.2	1	5	2.51	2.62	2.46	2.51	*	*		*	*
Burglary and theft	2.45	0.94	1	5	2.46	2.44	2.38	2.62	*	*	*	*	*	*
People being hostile and aggressive	2.03	0.92	1	5	2.04	1.99	2	2.22	*	*	*		*	*
Homes and gardens in bad condition	2.63	0.87	1	5	2.63	2.6	2.61	2.81	*	*	*		*	*
Neighbors doing things together	2.85	1.16	1	5	2.9	2.87	2.66	2.55		*	*	*	*	*
Neighbors helping each other out	3.51	1.12	1	5	3.55	3.54	3.3	3.16		*	*	*	*	*
Rubbish and litter lying around	2.41	0.94	1	5	2.41	2.4	2.39	2.64		*	*		*	*
Traffic noise	2.91	1.14	1	5	2.9	2.92	2.91	3.08			*		*	*
Vandalism and deliberate damage to property	2.27	0.97	1	5	2.3	2.24	2.17	2.46	*	*	*	*	*	*
Scale: Neighborhood sociality (Higher = greater sociality)	4.63	1.04	1	7	4.68	4.63	4.44	4.31	*	*	*	*	*	*
“To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your neighborhood?” (1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree)
This is a close-knit neighborhood	3.96	1.49	1	7	4	3.87	3.89	3.63	*	*	*		*	*
People in this neighborhood generally do not get along with each other	2.71	1.54	1	7	2.67	2.61	2.99	2.9	*	*	*	*	*
People in this neighborhood generally do not share the same values	3.27	1.52	1	7	3.22	3.24	3.52	3.44		*	*	*	*
People in this neighborhood can be trusted	4.75	1.42	1	7	4.82	4.7	4.57	4.3	*	*	*	*	*	*
People around here are willing to help their neighbors	4.42	1.48	1	7	4.46	4.45	4.27	3.97		*	*	*	*	*
Control variables
Self-rated health (1 = Excellent; 5 = Poor)	3	0.99	1	5	2.99	2.9	3.12	3.31	*	*	*	*	*	*
Gender (1 = women)	60%		0	1	61%	57%	59%	63%	*	*		*	*	*
Age	64.83	10.73	50	99	64.67	65.95	64.92	60.45	*		*	*	*	*
Ethnic–migrant status
Australia-born, non-Indigenous	68%		0	1	100%	0%	0%	0%
Migrant, from an English-speaking country	15%		0	1	0%	100%	0%	0%
Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country	16%		0	1	0%	0%	100%	0%
Australia-born, Aborginal or Torres Strait Islander origin	2%		0	1	0%	0%	0%	100%
Relationship status
Married	54%		0	1	53%	53%	60%	35%		*	*	*	*	*
In a de-facto relationship	7%		0	1	7%	10%	5%	13%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Divorced/separated/widowed	32%		0	1	32%	31%	31%	37%			*		*	*
Single	7%		0	1	8%	5%	4%	15%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Educational attainment
College degree or higher	21%		0	1	18%	23%	28%	13%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Vocational education or degree	29%		0	1	29%	33%	28%	29%	*			*	*	*
Year 12	9%		0	1	7%	9%	13%	9%	*	*		*		*
Less than Year 12	42%		0	1	45%	35%	30%	49%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Income	36150.4	63332.05	0	3280000.00	36788.9	37433.46	33078.93	27278.76		*	*	*	*	*
Residential area index of socioeconomic advantage	5.28	2.91	1	10	5.18	5.61	5.57	3.76	*	*	*		*	*

By subgroup

Significant differences at 0.05

Full sample

Australia-born, non-Indigenous (AB)

Migrant, from an English-speaking country (ESB)

Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country (NESB)

Australia-born, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin (ATSI)

AB vs. ESB

AB vs. NESB

AB vs. ATSI

ESB vs. NESB

ESB vs. ATSI

NESB vs. ATSI

Mean/%

Min

Max

Mean/%

Loneliness

2.82

1.91

2.81

2.66

2.99

3.03

Scale: Neighborhood satisfaction (0 = totally dissatisfied; 10 = totally satisfied)

7.6

1.49

7.67

7.63

7.23

7.7

Satisfaction with:

“How safe you feel”

8.15

1.59

8.22

8.25

7.74

8.24

“Feeling part of your local community”

6.73

2.22

6.82

6.65

6.41

6.95

“The neighborhood in which you live”

7.91

1.67

7.97

7.56

7.9

Scale: Neighborhood conditions (Higher = better conditions)

3.46

0.61

3.47

3.45

3.26

“How common are the following things in your local neighborhood?” (1 = never happens; 5 = very common)

Noise from airplanes, trains, or industry

2.52

1.2

2.51

2.62

2.46

2.51

Burglary and theft

2.45

0.94

2.46

2.44

2.38

2.62

People being hostile and aggressive

2.03

0.92

2.04

1.99

2.22

Homes and gardens in bad condition

2.63

0.87

2.63

2.6

2.61

2.81

Neighbors doing things together

2.85

1.16

2.9

2.87

2.66

2.55

Neighbors helping each other out

3.51

1.12

3.55

3.54

3.3

3.16

Rubbish and litter lying around

2.41

0.94

2.41

2.4

2.39

2.64

Traffic noise

2.91

1.14

2.9

2.92

2.91

3.08

Vandalism and deliberate damage to property

2.27

0.97

2.3

2.24

2.17

2.46

Scale: Neighborhood sociality (Higher = greater sociality)

4.63

1.04

4.68

4.63

4.44

4.31

“To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your neighborhood?” (1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree)

This is a close-knit neighborhood

3.96

1.49

3.87

3.89

3.63

People in this neighborhood generally do not get along with each other

2.71

1.54

2.67

2.61

2.99

2.9

People in this neighborhood generally do not share the same values

3.27

1.52

3.22

3.24

3.52

3.44

People in this neighborhood can be trusted

4.75

1.42

4.82

4.7

4.57

4.3

People around here are willing to help their neighbors

4.42

1.48

4.46

4.45

4.27

3.97

Control variables

Self-rated health (1 = Excellent; 5 = Poor)

0.99

2.99

2.9

3.12

3.31

Gender (1 = women)

60%

61%

57%

59%

63%

Age

64.83

10.73

64.67

65.95

64.92

60.45

Ethnic–migrant status

Australia-born, non-Indigenous

68%

100%

Migrant, from an English-speaking country

15%

100%

Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country

16%

100%

Australia-born, Aborginal or Torres Strait Islander origin

100%

Relationship status

Married

54%

53%

60%

35%

In a de-facto relationship

10%

13%

Divorced/separated/widowed

32%

31%

37%

Single

15%

Educational attainment

College degree or higher

21%

18%

23%

28%

13%

Vocational education or degree

29%

33%

28%

29%

Year 12

13%

Less than Year 12

42%

45%

35%

30%

49%

Income

36150.4

63332.05

3280000.00

36788.9

37433.46

33078.93

27278.76

Residential area index of socioeconomic advantage

5.28

2.91

5.18

5.61

5.57

3.76

					By subgroup	Significant differences at 0.05
Loneliness	2.82	1.91	1	7	2.81	2.66	2.99	3.03	*	*	*	*	*
Scale: Neighborhood satisfaction (0 = totally dissatisfied; 10 = totally satisfied)	7.6	1.49	0	10	7.67	7.63	7.23	7.7		*		*		*
Satisfaction with:
“How safe you feel”	8.15	1.59	0	10	8.22	8.25	7.74	8.24		*		*		*
“Feeling part of your local community”	6.73	2.22	0	10	6.82	6.65	6.41	6.95	*	*		*	*	*
“The neighborhood in which you live”	7.91	1.67	0	10	7.97	8	7.56	7.9		*
Scale: Neighborhood conditions (Higher = better conditions)	3.46	0.61	1	5	3.47	3.47	3.45	3.26		*	*		*	*
“How common are the following things in your local neighborhood?” (1 = never happens; 5 = very common)
Noise from airplanes, trains, or industry	2.52	1.2	1	5	2.51	2.62	2.46	2.51	*	*		*	*
Burglary and theft	2.45	0.94	1	5	2.46	2.44	2.38	2.62	*	*	*	*	*	*
People being hostile and aggressive	2.03	0.92	1	5	2.04	1.99	2	2.22	*	*	*		*	*
Homes and gardens in bad condition	2.63	0.87	1	5	2.63	2.6	2.61	2.81	*	*	*		*	*
Neighbors doing things together	2.85	1.16	1	5	2.9	2.87	2.66	2.55		*	*	*	*	*
Neighbors helping each other out	3.51	1.12	1	5	3.55	3.54	3.3	3.16		*	*	*	*	*
Rubbish and litter lying around	2.41	0.94	1	5	2.41	2.4	2.39	2.64		*	*		*	*
Traffic noise	2.91	1.14	1	5	2.9	2.92	2.91	3.08			*		*	*
Vandalism and deliberate damage to property	2.27	0.97	1	5	2.3	2.24	2.17	2.46	*	*	*	*	*	*
Scale: Neighborhood sociality (Higher = greater sociality)	4.63	1.04	1	7	4.68	4.63	4.44	4.31	*	*	*	*	*	*
“To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your neighborhood?” (1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree)
This is a close-knit neighborhood	3.96	1.49	1	7	4	3.87	3.89	3.63	*	*	*		*	*
People in this neighborhood generally do not get along with each other	2.71	1.54	1	7	2.67	2.61	2.99	2.9	*	*	*	*	*
People in this neighborhood generally do not share the same values	3.27	1.52	1	7	3.22	3.24	3.52	3.44		*	*	*	*
People in this neighborhood can be trusted	4.75	1.42	1	7	4.82	4.7	4.57	4.3	*	*	*	*	*	*
People around here are willing to help their neighbors	4.42	1.48	1	7	4.46	4.45	4.27	3.97		*	*	*	*	*
Control variables
Self-rated health (1 = Excellent; 5 = Poor)	3	0.99	1	5	2.99	2.9	3.12	3.31	*	*	*	*	*	*
Gender (1 = women)	60%		0	1	61%	57%	59%	63%	*	*		*	*	*
Age	64.83	10.73	50	99	64.67	65.95	64.92	60.45	*		*	*	*	*
Ethnic–migrant status
Australia-born, non-Indigenous	68%		0	1	100%	0%	0%	0%
Migrant, from an English-speaking country	15%		0	1	0%	100%	0%	0%
Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country	16%		0	1	0%	0%	100%	0%
Australia-born, Aborginal or Torres Strait Islander origin	2%		0	1	0%	0%	0%	100%
Relationship status
Married	54%		0	1	53%	53%	60%	35%		*	*	*	*	*
In a de-facto relationship	7%		0	1	7%	10%	5%	13%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Divorced/separated/widowed	32%		0	1	32%	31%	31%	37%			*		*	*
Single	7%		0	1	8%	5%	4%	15%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Educational attainment
College degree or higher	21%		0	1	18%	23%	28%	13%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Vocational education or degree	29%		0	1	29%	33%	28%	29%	*			*	*	*
Year 12	9%		0	1	7%	9%	13%	9%	*	*		*		*
Less than Year 12	42%		0	1	45%	35%	30%	49%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Income	36150.4	63332.05	0	3280000.00	36788.9	37433.46	33078.93	27278.76		*	*	*	*	*
Residential area index of socioeconomic advantage	5.28	2.91	1	10	5.18	5.61	5.57	3.76	*	*	*		*	*

By subgroup

Significant differences at 0.05

Full sample

Australia-born, non-Indigenous (AB)

Migrant, from an English-speaking country (ESB)

Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country (NESB)

Australia-born, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin (ATSI)

AB vs. ESB

AB vs. NESB

AB vs. ATSI

ESB vs. NESB

ESB vs. ATSI

NESB vs. ATSI

Mean/%

Min

Max

Mean/%

Loneliness

2.82

1.91

2.81

2.66

2.99

3.03

Scale: Neighborhood satisfaction (0 = totally dissatisfied; 10 = totally satisfied)

7.6

1.49

7.67

7.63

7.23

7.7

Satisfaction with:

“How safe you feel”

8.15

1.59

8.22

8.25

7.74

8.24

“Feeling part of your local community”

6.73

2.22

6.82

6.65

6.41

6.95

“The neighborhood in which you live”

7.91

1.67

7.97

7.56

7.9

Scale: Neighborhood conditions (Higher = better conditions)

3.46

0.61

3.47

3.45

3.26

“How common are the following things in your local neighborhood?” (1 = never happens; 5 = very common)

Noise from airplanes, trains, or industry

2.52

1.2

2.51

2.62

2.46

2.51

Burglary and theft

2.45

0.94

2.46

2.44

2.38

2.62

People being hostile and aggressive

2.03

0.92

2.04

1.99

2.22

Homes and gardens in bad condition

2.63

0.87

2.63

2.6

2.61

2.81

Neighbors doing things together

2.85

1.16

2.9

2.87

2.66

2.55

Neighbors helping each other out

3.51

1.12

3.55

3.54

3.3

3.16

Rubbish and litter lying around

2.41

0.94

2.41

2.4

2.39

2.64

Traffic noise

2.91

1.14

2.9

2.92

2.91

3.08

Vandalism and deliberate damage to property

2.27

0.97

2.3

2.24

2.17

2.46

Scale: Neighborhood sociality (Higher = greater sociality)

4.63

1.04

4.68

4.63

4.44

4.31

“To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your neighborhood?” (1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree)

This is a close-knit neighborhood

3.96

1.49

3.87

3.89

3.63

People in this neighborhood generally do not get along with each other

2.71

1.54

2.67

2.61

2.99

2.9

People in this neighborhood generally do not share the same values

3.27

1.52

3.22

3.24

3.52

3.44

People in this neighborhood can be trusted

4.75

1.42

4.82

4.7

4.57

4.3

People around here are willing to help their neighbors

4.42

1.48

4.46

4.45

4.27

3.97

Control variables

Self-rated health (1 = Excellent; 5 = Poor)

0.99

2.99

2.9

3.12

3.31

Gender (1 = women)

60%

61%

57%

59%

63%

Age

64.83

10.73

64.67

65.95

64.92

60.45

Ethnic–migrant status

Australia-born, non-Indigenous

68%

100%

Migrant, from an English-speaking country

15%

100%

Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country

16%

100%

Australia-born, Aborginal or Torres Strait Islander origin

100%

Relationship status

Married

54%

53%

60%

35%

In a de-facto relationship

10%

13%

Divorced/separated/widowed

32%

31%

37%

Single

15%

Educational attainment

College degree or higher

21%

18%

23%

28%

13%

Vocational education or degree

29%

33%

28%

29%

Year 12

13%

Less than Year 12

42%

45%

35%

30%

49%

Income

36150.4

63332.05

3280000.00

36788.9

37433.46

33078.93

27278.76

Residential area index of socioeconomic advantage

5.28

2.91

5.18

5.61

5.57

3.76

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Descriptive Characteristics of the Sample

					By subgroup				Significant differences at 0.05
	Full sample				Australia-born, non-Indigenous (AB)	Migrant, from an English-speaking country (ESB)	Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country (NESB)	Australia-born, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin (ATSI)	AB vs. ESB	AB vs. NESB	AB vs. ATSI	ESB vs. NESB	ESB vs. ATSI	NESB vs. ATSI
	Mean/%	SD	Min	Max	Mean/%	Mean/%	Mean/%	Mean/%
Loneliness	2.82	1.91	1	7	2.81	2.66	2.99	3.03	*	*	*	*	*
Scale: Neighborhood satisfaction (0 = totally dissatisfied; 10 = totally satisfied)	7.6	1.49	0	10	7.67	7.63	7.23	7.7		*		*		*
Satisfaction with:
“How safe you feel”	8.15	1.59	0	10	8.22	8.25	7.74	8.24		*		*		*
“Feeling part of your local community”	6.73	2.22	0	10	6.82	6.65	6.41	6.95	*	*		*	*	*
“The neighborhood in which you live”	7.91	1.67	0	10	7.97	8	7.56	7.9		*
Scale: Neighborhood conditions (Higher = better conditions)	3.46	0.61	1	5	3.47	3.47	3.45	3.26		*	*		*	*
“How common are the following things in your local neighborhood?” (1 = never happens; 5 = very common)
Noise from airplanes, trains, or industry	2.52	1.2	1	5	2.51	2.62	2.46	2.51	*	*		*	*
Burglary and theft	2.45	0.94	1	5	2.46	2.44	2.38	2.62	*	*	*	*	*	*
People being hostile and aggressive	2.03	0.92	1	5	2.04	1.99	2	2.22	*	*	*		*	*
Homes and gardens in bad condition	2.63	0.87	1	5	2.63	2.6	2.61	2.81	*	*	*		*	*
Neighbors doing things together	2.85	1.16	1	5	2.9	2.87	2.66	2.55		*	*	*	*	*
Neighbors helping each other out	3.51	1.12	1	5	3.55	3.54	3.3	3.16		*	*	*	*	*
Rubbish and litter lying around	2.41	0.94	1	5	2.41	2.4	2.39	2.64		*	*		*	*
Traffic noise	2.91	1.14	1	5	2.9	2.92	2.91	3.08			*		*	*
Vandalism and deliberate damage to property	2.27	0.97	1	5	2.3	2.24	2.17	2.46	*	*	*	*	*	*
Scale: Neighborhood sociality (Higher = greater sociality)	4.63	1.04	1	7	4.68	4.63	4.44	4.31	*	*	*	*	*	*
“To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your neighborhood?” (1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree)
This is a close-knit neighborhood	3.96	1.49	1	7	4	3.87	3.89	3.63	*	*	*		*	*
People in this neighborhood generally do not get along with each other	2.71	1.54	1	7	2.67	2.61	2.99	2.9	*	*	*	*	*
People in this neighborhood generally do not share the same values	3.27	1.52	1	7	3.22	3.24	3.52	3.44		*	*	*	*
People in this neighborhood can be trusted	4.75	1.42	1	7	4.82	4.7	4.57	4.3	*	*	*	*	*	*
People around here are willing to help their neighbors	4.42	1.48	1	7	4.46	4.45	4.27	3.97		*	*	*	*	*
Control variables
Self-rated health (1 = Excellent; 5 = Poor)	3	0.99	1	5	2.99	2.9	3.12	3.31	*	*	*	*	*	*
Gender (1 = women)	60%		0	1	61%	57%	59%	63%	*	*		*	*	*
Age	64.83	10.73	50	99	64.67	65.95	64.92	60.45	*		*	*	*	*
Ethnic–migrant status
Australia-born, non-Indigenous	68%		0	1	100%	0%	0%	0%
Migrant, from an English-speaking country	15%		0	1	0%	100%	0%	0%
Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country	16%		0	1	0%	0%	100%	0%
Australia-born, Aborginal or Torres Strait Islander origin	2%		0	1	0%	0%	0%	100%
Relationship status
Married	54%		0	1	53%	53%	60%	35%		*	*	*	*	*
In a de-facto relationship	7%		0	1	7%	10%	5%	13%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Divorced/separated/widowed	32%		0	1	32%	31%	31%	37%			*		*	*
Single	7%		0	1	8%	5%	4%	15%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Educational attainment
College degree or higher	21%		0	1	18%	23%	28%	13%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Vocational education or degree	29%		0	1	29%	33%	28%	29%	*			*	*	*
Year 12	9%		0	1	7%	9%	13%	9%	*	*		*		*
Less than Year 12	42%		0	1	45%	35%	30%	49%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Income	36150.4	63332.05	0	3280000.00	36788.9	37433.46	33078.93	27278.76		*	*	*	*	*
Residential area index of socioeconomic advantage	5.28	2.91	1	10	5.18	5.61	5.57	3.76	*	*	*		*	*

					By subgroup				Significant differences at 0.05
	Full sample				Australia-born, non-Indigenous (AB)	Migrant, from an English-speaking country (ESB)	Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country (NESB)	Australia-born, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin (ATSI)	AB vs. ESB	AB vs. NESB	AB vs. ATSI	ESB vs. NESB	ESB vs. ATSI	NESB vs. ATSI
	Mean/%	SD	Min	Max	Mean/%	Mean/%	Mean/%	Mean/%
Loneliness	2.82	1.91	1	7	2.81	2.66	2.99	3.03	*	*	*	*	*
Scale: Neighborhood satisfaction (0 = totally dissatisfied; 10 = totally satisfied)	7.6	1.49	0	10	7.67	7.63	7.23	7.7		*		*		*
Satisfaction with:
“How safe you feel”	8.15	1.59	0	10	8.22	8.25	7.74	8.24		*		*		*
“Feeling part of your local community”	6.73	2.22	0	10	6.82	6.65	6.41	6.95	*	*		*	*	*
“The neighborhood in which you live”	7.91	1.67	0	10	7.97	8	7.56	7.9		*
Scale: Neighborhood conditions (Higher = better conditions)	3.46	0.61	1	5	3.47	3.47	3.45	3.26		*	*		*	*
“How common are the following things in your local neighborhood?” (1 = never happens; 5 = very common)
Noise from airplanes, trains, or industry	2.52	1.2	1	5	2.51	2.62	2.46	2.51	*	*		*	*
Burglary and theft	2.45	0.94	1	5	2.46	2.44	2.38	2.62	*	*	*	*	*	*
People being hostile and aggressive	2.03	0.92	1	5	2.04	1.99	2	2.22	*	*	*		*	*
Homes and gardens in bad condition	2.63	0.87	1	5	2.63	2.6	2.61	2.81	*	*	*		*	*
Neighbors doing things together	2.85	1.16	1	5	2.9	2.87	2.66	2.55		*	*	*	*	*
Neighbors helping each other out	3.51	1.12	1	5	3.55	3.54	3.3	3.16		*	*	*	*	*
Rubbish and litter lying around	2.41	0.94	1	5	2.41	2.4	2.39	2.64		*	*		*	*
Traffic noise	2.91	1.14	1	5	2.9	2.92	2.91	3.08			*		*	*
Vandalism and deliberate damage to property	2.27	0.97	1	5	2.3	2.24	2.17	2.46	*	*	*	*	*	*
Scale: Neighborhood sociality (Higher = greater sociality)	4.63	1.04	1	7	4.68	4.63	4.44	4.31	*	*	*	*	*	*
“To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your neighborhood?” (1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree)
This is a close-knit neighborhood	3.96	1.49	1	7	4	3.87	3.89	3.63	*	*	*		*	*
People in this neighborhood generally do not get along with each other	2.71	1.54	1	7	2.67	2.61	2.99	2.9	*	*	*	*	*
People in this neighborhood generally do not share the same values	3.27	1.52	1	7	3.22	3.24	3.52	3.44		*	*	*	*
People in this neighborhood can be trusted	4.75	1.42	1	7	4.82	4.7	4.57	4.3	*	*	*	*	*	*
People around here are willing to help their neighbors	4.42	1.48	1	7	4.46	4.45	4.27	3.97		*	*	*	*	*
Control variables
Self-rated health (1 = Excellent; 5 = Poor)	3	0.99	1	5	2.99	2.9	3.12	3.31	*	*	*	*	*	*
Gender (1 = women)	60%		0	1	61%	57%	59%	63%	*	*		*	*	*
Age	64.83	10.73	50	99	64.67	65.95	64.92	60.45	*		*	*	*	*
Ethnic–migrant status
Australia-born, non-Indigenous	68%		0	1	100%	0%	0%	0%
Migrant, from an English-speaking country	15%		0	1	0%	100%	0%	0%
Migrant, from a non-English-speaking country	16%		0	1	0%	0%	100%	0%
Australia-born, Aborginal or Torres Strait Islander origin	2%		0	1	0%	0%	0%	100%
Relationship status
Married	54%		0	1	53%	53%	60%	35%		*	*	*	*	*
In a de-facto relationship	7%		0	1	7%	10%	5%	13%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Divorced/separated/widowed	32%		0	1	32%	31%	31%	37%			*		*	*
Single	7%		0	1	8%	5%	4%	15%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Educational attainment
College degree or higher	21%		0	1	18%	23%	28%	13%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Vocational education or degree	29%		0	1	29%	33%	28%	29%	*			*	*	*
Year 12	9%		0	1	7%	9%	13%	9%	*	*		*		*
Less than Year 12	42%		0	1	45%	35%	30%	49%	*	*	*	*	*	*
Income	36150.4	63332.05	0	3280000.00	36788.9	37433.46	33078.93	27278.76		*	*	*	*	*
Residential area index of socioeconomic advantage	5.28	2.91	1	10	5.18	5.61	5.57	3.76	*	*	*		*	*

*Scheffe’s test to compare which pairs of means were significantly different at the 0.05 level (Salkind, 2010).

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