| Mechanisms (family level) . | na . |
|---|---|
| Family support | 118 |
| General support for physical activity (social, emotional, participatory, practical) | 31 |
| Parental support for health behaviours (diet, physical activity, oral health) | 22 |
| Autonomy support (being non-judgemental, empathic, responsive to food-related choices, sports and general self-management of health) | 19 |
| Support for healthy eating (fruit and vegetable intake, healthy diet) | 13 |
| Family participation (sports participation, parental engagement) | 13 |
| Social support from partner | 8 |
| Instrumental support (transport, purchase of equipment) | 8 |
| Emotional support (expressing positive emotions, encouragement) | 4 |
| Parental supervision | 86 |
| Parenting style (authoritative, nurturance, structure) | 32 |
| Parental regulation (limit setting, monitoring, supervising, control) | 28 |
| Parenting strategy (rule setting, discipline, reward, encouragement) | 26 |
| Modelling | 78 |
| Parental modelling of healthy eating (fruit and vegetable intake, calcium intake) | 37 |
| Parental modelling of physical activity | 34 |
| General modelling of health behaviours (older sibling or partner as role model, mainly for diet and physical activity) | 7 |
| Feeding | 81 |
| Feeding practices (pressure to eat, restriction, monitoring) | 35 |
| Availability and accessibility of healthy food | 22 |
| Family meal characteristics (frequency, eating at a table, eating with parents, enjoyment) | 19 |
| Meal preparation (healthy meal preparation, family meal preparation) | 5 |
| Health knowledge and awareness | 35 |
| Nutritional knowledge and education | 16 |
| General health knowledge (knowledge to influence healthy habits, health literacy, health education) | 9 |
| Physical activity knowledge and education | 4 |
| Oral health knowledge | 3 |
| Awareness of health risks | 2 |
| Awareness of child behaviour | 1 |
| Family structure and function | 29 |
| Family cohesion | 8 |
| Family roles (spousal role, matriarchal role, parental role for providing meals) | 8 |
| Strength of family relationship (relationship quality) | 6 |
| Family routine | 4 |
| Family resilience and solidarity | 3 |
| Family health culture | 28 |
| Family norms (subjective norms within the family, cultural traditions) | 22 |
| Family health climate (for physical activity and nutrition) | 3 |
| Family sports culture | 2 |
| Family values related to physical activity | 1 |
| Family communication | 27 |
| Parental communication | 12 |
| Supportive communication (responsiveness, positive messages) | 8 |
| Family food discussion | 5 |
| Expressiveness (expressing of feelings, thoughts and opinions) | 2 |
| Health attitudes and beliefs | 21 |
| Health attitudes (family attitudes towards physical activity, parental attitudes towards food) | 12 |
| Health beliefs (behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs) | 9 |
| Mechanisms (family level) . | na . |
|---|---|
| Family support | 118 |
| General support for physical activity (social, emotional, participatory, practical) | 31 |
| Parental support for health behaviours (diet, physical activity, oral health) | 22 |
| Autonomy support (being non-judgemental, empathic, responsive to food-related choices, sports and general self-management of health) | 19 |
| Support for healthy eating (fruit and vegetable intake, healthy diet) | 13 |
| Family participation (sports participation, parental engagement) | 13 |
| Social support from partner | 8 |
| Instrumental support (transport, purchase of equipment) | 8 |
| Emotional support (expressing positive emotions, encouragement) | 4 |
| Parental supervision | 86 |
| Parenting style (authoritative, nurturance, structure) | 32 |
| Parental regulation (limit setting, monitoring, supervising, control) | 28 |
| Parenting strategy (rule setting, discipline, reward, encouragement) | 26 |
| Modelling | 78 |
| Parental modelling of healthy eating (fruit and vegetable intake, calcium intake) | 37 |
| Parental modelling of physical activity | 34 |
| General modelling of health behaviours (older sibling or partner as role model, mainly for diet and physical activity) | 7 |
| Feeding | 81 |
| Feeding practices (pressure to eat, restriction, monitoring) | 35 |
| Availability and accessibility of healthy food | 22 |
| Family meal characteristics (frequency, eating at a table, eating with parents, enjoyment) | 19 |
| Meal preparation (healthy meal preparation, family meal preparation) | 5 |
| Health knowledge and awareness | 35 |
| Nutritional knowledge and education | 16 |
| General health knowledge (knowledge to influence healthy habits, health literacy, health education) | 9 |
| Physical activity knowledge and education | 4 |
| Oral health knowledge | 3 |
| Awareness of health risks | 2 |
| Awareness of child behaviour | 1 |
| Family structure and function | 29 |
| Family cohesion | 8 |
| Family roles (spousal role, matriarchal role, parental role for providing meals) | 8 |
| Strength of family relationship (relationship quality) | 6 |
| Family routine | 4 |
| Family resilience and solidarity | 3 |
| Family health culture | 28 |
| Family norms (subjective norms within the family, cultural traditions) | 22 |
| Family health climate (for physical activity and nutrition) | 3 |
| Family sports culture | 2 |
| Family values related to physical activity | 1 |
| Family communication | 27 |
| Parental communication | 12 |
| Supportive communication (responsiveness, positive messages) | 8 |
| Family food discussion | 5 |
| Expressiveness (expressing of feelings, thoughts and opinions) | 2 |
| Health attitudes and beliefs | 21 |
| Health attitudes (family attitudes towards physical activity, parental attitudes towards food) | 12 |
| Health beliefs (behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs) | 9 |
Supplementary File 8 provides the list of citations for this table.
an: counts of usage in studies.
| Mechanisms (family level) . | na . |
|---|---|
| Family support | 118 |
| General support for physical activity (social, emotional, participatory, practical) | 31 |
| Parental support for health behaviours (diet, physical activity, oral health) | 22 |
| Autonomy support (being non-judgemental, empathic, responsive to food-related choices, sports and general self-management of health) | 19 |
| Support for healthy eating (fruit and vegetable intake, healthy diet) | 13 |
| Family participation (sports participation, parental engagement) | 13 |
| Social support from partner | 8 |
| Instrumental support (transport, purchase of equipment) | 8 |
| Emotional support (expressing positive emotions, encouragement) | 4 |
| Parental supervision | 86 |
| Parenting style (authoritative, nurturance, structure) | 32 |
| Parental regulation (limit setting, monitoring, supervising, control) | 28 |
| Parenting strategy (rule setting, discipline, reward, encouragement) | 26 |
| Modelling | 78 |
| Parental modelling of healthy eating (fruit and vegetable intake, calcium intake) | 37 |
| Parental modelling of physical activity | 34 |
| General modelling of health behaviours (older sibling or partner as role model, mainly for diet and physical activity) | 7 |
| Feeding | 81 |
| Feeding practices (pressure to eat, restriction, monitoring) | 35 |
| Availability and accessibility of healthy food | 22 |
| Family meal characteristics (frequency, eating at a table, eating with parents, enjoyment) | 19 |
| Meal preparation (healthy meal preparation, family meal preparation) | 5 |
| Health knowledge and awareness | 35 |
| Nutritional knowledge and education | 16 |
| General health knowledge (knowledge to influence healthy habits, health literacy, health education) | 9 |
| Physical activity knowledge and education | 4 |
| Oral health knowledge | 3 |
| Awareness of health risks | 2 |
| Awareness of child behaviour | 1 |
| Family structure and function | 29 |
| Family cohesion | 8 |
| Family roles (spousal role, matriarchal role, parental role for providing meals) | 8 |
| Strength of family relationship (relationship quality) | 6 |
| Family routine | 4 |
| Family resilience and solidarity | 3 |
| Family health culture | 28 |
| Family norms (subjective norms within the family, cultural traditions) | 22 |
| Family health climate (for physical activity and nutrition) | 3 |
| Family sports culture | 2 |
| Family values related to physical activity | 1 |
| Family communication | 27 |
| Parental communication | 12 |
| Supportive communication (responsiveness, positive messages) | 8 |
| Family food discussion | 5 |
| Expressiveness (expressing of feelings, thoughts and opinions) | 2 |
| Health attitudes and beliefs | 21 |
| Health attitudes (family attitudes towards physical activity, parental attitudes towards food) | 12 |
| Health beliefs (behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs) | 9 |
| Mechanisms (family level) . | na . |
|---|---|
| Family support | 118 |
| General support for physical activity (social, emotional, participatory, practical) | 31 |
| Parental support for health behaviours (diet, physical activity, oral health) | 22 |
| Autonomy support (being non-judgemental, empathic, responsive to food-related choices, sports and general self-management of health) | 19 |
| Support for healthy eating (fruit and vegetable intake, healthy diet) | 13 |
| Family participation (sports participation, parental engagement) | 13 |
| Social support from partner | 8 |
| Instrumental support (transport, purchase of equipment) | 8 |
| Emotional support (expressing positive emotions, encouragement) | 4 |
| Parental supervision | 86 |
| Parenting style (authoritative, nurturance, structure) | 32 |
| Parental regulation (limit setting, monitoring, supervising, control) | 28 |
| Parenting strategy (rule setting, discipline, reward, encouragement) | 26 |
| Modelling | 78 |
| Parental modelling of healthy eating (fruit and vegetable intake, calcium intake) | 37 |
| Parental modelling of physical activity | 34 |
| General modelling of health behaviours (older sibling or partner as role model, mainly for diet and physical activity) | 7 |
| Feeding | 81 |
| Feeding practices (pressure to eat, restriction, monitoring) | 35 |
| Availability and accessibility of healthy food | 22 |
| Family meal characteristics (frequency, eating at a table, eating with parents, enjoyment) | 19 |
| Meal preparation (healthy meal preparation, family meal preparation) | 5 |
| Health knowledge and awareness | 35 |
| Nutritional knowledge and education | 16 |
| General health knowledge (knowledge to influence healthy habits, health literacy, health education) | 9 |
| Physical activity knowledge and education | 4 |
| Oral health knowledge | 3 |
| Awareness of health risks | 2 |
| Awareness of child behaviour | 1 |
| Family structure and function | 29 |
| Family cohesion | 8 |
| Family roles (spousal role, matriarchal role, parental role for providing meals) | 8 |
| Strength of family relationship (relationship quality) | 6 |
| Family routine | 4 |
| Family resilience and solidarity | 3 |
| Family health culture | 28 |
| Family norms (subjective norms within the family, cultural traditions) | 22 |
| Family health climate (for physical activity and nutrition) | 3 |
| Family sports culture | 2 |
| Family values related to physical activity | 1 |
| Family communication | 27 |
| Parental communication | 12 |
| Supportive communication (responsiveness, positive messages) | 8 |
| Family food discussion | 5 |
| Expressiveness (expressing of feelings, thoughts and opinions) | 2 |
| Health attitudes and beliefs | 21 |
| Health attitudes (family attitudes towards physical activity, parental attitudes towards food) | 12 |
| Health beliefs (behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs) | 9 |
Supplementary File 8 provides the list of citations for this table.
an: counts of usage in studies.
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