| Characteristics . | No. of studies . | Percentages (%) . |
|---|---|---|
| 51 | 100.00 | |
| Publication year | ||
| 2020 | 24 | 47.1 |
| 2021 | 27 | 52.9 |
| Region of samples (s = 64) | ||
| Western culture | 40 | 62.5 |
| America (i.e., USA, Canada, Columbia, Mexico) | 20 | 50.0 |
| Europe (i.e., UK, Belgium, France, Switzerland, etc.) | 14 | 35.0 |
| Oceania (i.e., Australia and New Zealand) | 2 | 5.0 |
| Africa (i.e., Ethiopia, Sierra Leone and South Africa) | 4 | 10.0 |
| Eastern culture | 24 | 37.5 |
| Middle east (i.e., Qatar and Saudi Arabia) | 2 | 3.1 |
| Southeast Asia (i.e., China, Korea, Indonesia, etc.) | 22 | 33.8 |
| Study design | ||
| Cross-sectional | 47 | 92.2 |
| Longitudinal | 4 | 7.8 |
| Behavioral outcome measures | ||
| Hand hygiene | 24 | 47.1 |
| Facemask wearing | 22 | 43.1 |
| Physical distancing | 39 | 76.5 |
| RANAS-based psychosocial constructs | ||
| Risk factor block | 44 | 86.3 |
| Knowledge | 20 | 45.5 |
| Perceived severity | 22 | 50.0 |
| Perceived susceptibility | 25 | 56.8 |
| Overall risk perception/awareness/threat | 7 | 15.9 |
| Attitudinal factor block | 26 | 51.0 |
| Pros (e.g., perceived effectiveness, benefits) | 23 | 88.5 |
| Cons (e.g., perceived barriers) | 5 | 19.2 |
| Overall (pros + cons) | 3 | 11.5 |
| Normative factor block | 14 | 26.9 |
| Perceived norms | 14 | 26.9 |
| Others (e.g., moral) | 1 | 1.9 |
| Ability factor block | 21 | 41.2 |
| Perceived control | 8 | 38.1 |
| Self-efficacy | 15 | 71.4 |
| Health literacy (actional knowledge) | 1 | 4.8 |
| Self-regulation factor block | 2 | 3.8 |
| Action planning | 2 | 3.8 |
| Coping planning | 2 | 3.8 |
| Action control | 1 | 1.9 |
| Theoretical backdrop reported | ||
| Not reported | 12 | 23.5 |
| Reported (e.g., HBM, TPB, KAP, PMT) | 39 | 76.5 |
| Study quality | ||
| High | 8 | 15.7 |
| Good | 26 | 51.0 |
| Moderate | 17 | 33.3 |
| Poor | 0 | 0 |
| Characteristics . | No. of studies . | Percentages (%) . |
|---|---|---|
| 51 | 100.00 | |
| Publication year | ||
| 2020 | 24 | 47.1 |
| 2021 | 27 | 52.9 |
| Region of samples (s = 64) | ||
| Western culture | 40 | 62.5 |
| America (i.e., USA, Canada, Columbia, Mexico) | 20 | 50.0 |
| Europe (i.e., UK, Belgium, France, Switzerland, etc.) | 14 | 35.0 |
| Oceania (i.e., Australia and New Zealand) | 2 | 5.0 |
| Africa (i.e., Ethiopia, Sierra Leone and South Africa) | 4 | 10.0 |
| Eastern culture | 24 | 37.5 |
| Middle east (i.e., Qatar and Saudi Arabia) | 2 | 3.1 |
| Southeast Asia (i.e., China, Korea, Indonesia, etc.) | 22 | 33.8 |
| Study design | ||
| Cross-sectional | 47 | 92.2 |
| Longitudinal | 4 | 7.8 |
| Behavioral outcome measures | ||
| Hand hygiene | 24 | 47.1 |
| Facemask wearing | 22 | 43.1 |
| Physical distancing | 39 | 76.5 |
| RANAS-based psychosocial constructs | ||
| Risk factor block | 44 | 86.3 |
| Knowledge | 20 | 45.5 |
| Perceived severity | 22 | 50.0 |
| Perceived susceptibility | 25 | 56.8 |
| Overall risk perception/awareness/threat | 7 | 15.9 |
| Attitudinal factor block | 26 | 51.0 |
| Pros (e.g., perceived effectiveness, benefits) | 23 | 88.5 |
| Cons (e.g., perceived barriers) | 5 | 19.2 |
| Overall (pros + cons) | 3 | 11.5 |
| Normative factor block | 14 | 26.9 |
| Perceived norms | 14 | 26.9 |
| Others (e.g., moral) | 1 | 1.9 |
| Ability factor block | 21 | 41.2 |
| Perceived control | 8 | 38.1 |
| Self-efficacy | 15 | 71.4 |
| Health literacy (actional knowledge) | 1 | 4.8 |
| Self-regulation factor block | 2 | 3.8 |
| Action planning | 2 | 3.8 |
| Coping planning | 2 | 3.8 |
| Action control | 1 | 1.9 |
| Theoretical backdrop reported | ||
| Not reported | 12 | 23.5 |
| Reported (e.g., HBM, TPB, KAP, PMT) | 39 | 76.5 |
| Study quality | ||
| High | 8 | 15.7 |
| Good | 26 | 51.0 |
| Moderate | 17 | 33.3 |
| Poor | 0 | 0 |
HBM health belief model; TPB theory of planned behavior; KAP knowledge, attitude, and practice framework; PMT protection motivation theory.
| Characteristics . | No. of studies . | Percentages (%) . |
|---|---|---|
| 51 | 100.00 | |
| Publication year | ||
| 2020 | 24 | 47.1 |
| 2021 | 27 | 52.9 |
| Region of samples (s = 64) | ||
| Western culture | 40 | 62.5 |
| America (i.e., USA, Canada, Columbia, Mexico) | 20 | 50.0 |
| Europe (i.e., UK, Belgium, France, Switzerland, etc.) | 14 | 35.0 |
| Oceania (i.e., Australia and New Zealand) | 2 | 5.0 |
| Africa (i.e., Ethiopia, Sierra Leone and South Africa) | 4 | 10.0 |
| Eastern culture | 24 | 37.5 |
| Middle east (i.e., Qatar and Saudi Arabia) | 2 | 3.1 |
| Southeast Asia (i.e., China, Korea, Indonesia, etc.) | 22 | 33.8 |
| Study design | ||
| Cross-sectional | 47 | 92.2 |
| Longitudinal | 4 | 7.8 |
| Behavioral outcome measures | ||
| Hand hygiene | 24 | 47.1 |
| Facemask wearing | 22 | 43.1 |
| Physical distancing | 39 | 76.5 |
| RANAS-based psychosocial constructs | ||
| Risk factor block | 44 | 86.3 |
| Knowledge | 20 | 45.5 |
| Perceived severity | 22 | 50.0 |
| Perceived susceptibility | 25 | 56.8 |
| Overall risk perception/awareness/threat | 7 | 15.9 |
| Attitudinal factor block | 26 | 51.0 |
| Pros (e.g., perceived effectiveness, benefits) | 23 | 88.5 |
| Cons (e.g., perceived barriers) | 5 | 19.2 |
| Overall (pros + cons) | 3 | 11.5 |
| Normative factor block | 14 | 26.9 |
| Perceived norms | 14 | 26.9 |
| Others (e.g., moral) | 1 | 1.9 |
| Ability factor block | 21 | 41.2 |
| Perceived control | 8 | 38.1 |
| Self-efficacy | 15 | 71.4 |
| Health literacy (actional knowledge) | 1 | 4.8 |
| Self-regulation factor block | 2 | 3.8 |
| Action planning | 2 | 3.8 |
| Coping planning | 2 | 3.8 |
| Action control | 1 | 1.9 |
| Theoretical backdrop reported | ||
| Not reported | 12 | 23.5 |
| Reported (e.g., HBM, TPB, KAP, PMT) | 39 | 76.5 |
| Study quality | ||
| High | 8 | 15.7 |
| Good | 26 | 51.0 |
| Moderate | 17 | 33.3 |
| Poor | 0 | 0 |
| Characteristics . | No. of studies . | Percentages (%) . |
|---|---|---|
| 51 | 100.00 | |
| Publication year | ||
| 2020 | 24 | 47.1 |
| 2021 | 27 | 52.9 |
| Region of samples (s = 64) | ||
| Western culture | 40 | 62.5 |
| America (i.e., USA, Canada, Columbia, Mexico) | 20 | 50.0 |
| Europe (i.e., UK, Belgium, France, Switzerland, etc.) | 14 | 35.0 |
| Oceania (i.e., Australia and New Zealand) | 2 | 5.0 |
| Africa (i.e., Ethiopia, Sierra Leone and South Africa) | 4 | 10.0 |
| Eastern culture | 24 | 37.5 |
| Middle east (i.e., Qatar and Saudi Arabia) | 2 | 3.1 |
| Southeast Asia (i.e., China, Korea, Indonesia, etc.) | 22 | 33.8 |
| Study design | ||
| Cross-sectional | 47 | 92.2 |
| Longitudinal | 4 | 7.8 |
| Behavioral outcome measures | ||
| Hand hygiene | 24 | 47.1 |
| Facemask wearing | 22 | 43.1 |
| Physical distancing | 39 | 76.5 |
| RANAS-based psychosocial constructs | ||
| Risk factor block | 44 | 86.3 |
| Knowledge | 20 | 45.5 |
| Perceived severity | 22 | 50.0 |
| Perceived susceptibility | 25 | 56.8 |
| Overall risk perception/awareness/threat | 7 | 15.9 |
| Attitudinal factor block | 26 | 51.0 |
| Pros (e.g., perceived effectiveness, benefits) | 23 | 88.5 |
| Cons (e.g., perceived barriers) | 5 | 19.2 |
| Overall (pros + cons) | 3 | 11.5 |
| Normative factor block | 14 | 26.9 |
| Perceived norms | 14 | 26.9 |
| Others (e.g., moral) | 1 | 1.9 |
| Ability factor block | 21 | 41.2 |
| Perceived control | 8 | 38.1 |
| Self-efficacy | 15 | 71.4 |
| Health literacy (actional knowledge) | 1 | 4.8 |
| Self-regulation factor block | 2 | 3.8 |
| Action planning | 2 | 3.8 |
| Coping planning | 2 | 3.8 |
| Action control | 1 | 1.9 |
| Theoretical backdrop reported | ||
| Not reported | 12 | 23.5 |
| Reported (e.g., HBM, TPB, KAP, PMT) | 39 | 76.5 |
| Study quality | ||
| High | 8 | 15.7 |
| Good | 26 | 51.0 |
| Moderate | 17 | 33.3 |
| Poor | 0 | 0 |
HBM health belief model; TPB theory of planned behavior; KAP knowledge, attitude, and practice framework; PMT protection motivation theory.
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