Development of left ventricular parameters preoperatively and 1 year after mitral valve annuloplasty with simultaneous papillary muscle repositioning as compared to an isolated annuloplasty control group, measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography
| . | Surgical cohort . | Control group . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperatively . | One year after surgery . | P-Value . | Preoperatively . | One year after surgery . | P-Value . | |
| Cardiac MRI parameters | ||||||
| Tenting height (mm) | 12 (11–13) | 9 (8–11) | 0.023 | 12 (8–14) | 10 (9–12) | 0.684 |
| Annular diameter (mm) | 37 (36–41) | 30 (28–33) | 0.001 | 36 (33–39) | 26 (25–32) | 0.068 |
| Tenting area (mm2) | 213 (184–267) | 136 (115–176) | 0.001 | 224 (158–239) | 187 (115–171) | 0.068 |
| Ant. tenting angle (°) | 28 (26–32) | 32 (27–37) | 0.506 | 32 (29–37) | 36 (28–42) | 0.456 |
| Post. tenting angle (°) | 38 (32–42) | 34 (26–38) | 0.075 | 48 (36–55) | 39 (24–43) | 0.273 |
| IMPD (mm) | 27 (23–32) | 22 (18–26) | 0.038 | 22 (17–27) | 21 (15–24) | 0.500 |
| PMAD (mm) | 30 (27–34) | 25 (21–27) | 0.001 | 26 (24–28) | 25 (23–28) | 0.465 |
| LVEDVi (ml/BSA) | 131 (109–149) | 123 (83–145) | 0.087 | 96 (82–138) | 93 (90–155) | 0.593 |
| LVESVi (ml/BSA) | 95 (60–100) | 81 (39–100) | 0.133 | 44 (31–89) | 47 (37–110) | 0.593 |
| LVSVi (ml/BSA) | 43 (33–52) | 42 (35–47) | 0.213 | 51 (45–55) | 50 (40–54) | 0.109 |
| LVEF (%) | 35 (29–44) | 33 (30–52) | 0.875 | 47 (36–61) | 49 (31–59) | 0.593 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 66 (60–71) | 58 (53–67) | 0.001 | 62 (61–67) | 60 (53–67) | 0.462 |
| LVESD (mm) | 52 (48–61) | 49 (40–58) | 0.002 | 48 (44–62) | 44 (35–54) | 0.343 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 36 (31–30) | 39 (32–43) | 0.467 | 46 (34–62) | 45 (34–55) | 0.534 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 65 (56–70) | 58 (55–61) | 0.048 | 59 (51–60) | 55 (56–59) | 0.838 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19 (18–21) | 17 (16–19) | 0.083 | 18 (17–20) | 16 (16–18) | 0.051 |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 55 (41–63) | 43 (34–52) | 0.030 | 52 (49–60) | 46 (44–50) | 0.184 |
| Mitral regurgitation, n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| None (grade 0) | 0 (0) | 12 (52) | 0 (0) | 0 (00) | ||
| Mild (grade 1) | 0 (0) | 11 (48) | 0 (0) | 4 (80) | ||
| Moderate (grade 2) | 7 (30) | 0 (0) | 3 (60) | 1 (20) | ||
| Severe (grade 3) | 16 (70) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | ||
| . | Surgical cohort . | Control group . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperatively . | One year after surgery . | P-Value . | Preoperatively . | One year after surgery . | P-Value . | |
| Cardiac MRI parameters | ||||||
| Tenting height (mm) | 12 (11–13) | 9 (8–11) | 0.023 | 12 (8–14) | 10 (9–12) | 0.684 |
| Annular diameter (mm) | 37 (36–41) | 30 (28–33) | 0.001 | 36 (33–39) | 26 (25–32) | 0.068 |
| Tenting area (mm2) | 213 (184–267) | 136 (115–176) | 0.001 | 224 (158–239) | 187 (115–171) | 0.068 |
| Ant. tenting angle (°) | 28 (26–32) | 32 (27–37) | 0.506 | 32 (29–37) | 36 (28–42) | 0.456 |
| Post. tenting angle (°) | 38 (32–42) | 34 (26–38) | 0.075 | 48 (36–55) | 39 (24–43) | 0.273 |
| IMPD (mm) | 27 (23–32) | 22 (18–26) | 0.038 | 22 (17–27) | 21 (15–24) | 0.500 |
| PMAD (mm) | 30 (27–34) | 25 (21–27) | 0.001 | 26 (24–28) | 25 (23–28) | 0.465 |
| LVEDVi (ml/BSA) | 131 (109–149) | 123 (83–145) | 0.087 | 96 (82–138) | 93 (90–155) | 0.593 |
| LVESVi (ml/BSA) | 95 (60–100) | 81 (39–100) | 0.133 | 44 (31–89) | 47 (37–110) | 0.593 |
| LVSVi (ml/BSA) | 43 (33–52) | 42 (35–47) | 0.213 | 51 (45–55) | 50 (40–54) | 0.109 |
| LVEF (%) | 35 (29–44) | 33 (30–52) | 0.875 | 47 (36–61) | 49 (31–59) | 0.593 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 66 (60–71) | 58 (53–67) | 0.001 | 62 (61–67) | 60 (53–67) | 0.462 |
| LVESD (mm) | 52 (48–61) | 49 (40–58) | 0.002 | 48 (44–62) | 44 (35–54) | 0.343 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 36 (31–30) | 39 (32–43) | 0.467 | 46 (34–62) | 45 (34–55) | 0.534 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 65 (56–70) | 58 (55–61) | 0.048 | 59 (51–60) | 55 (56–59) | 0.838 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19 (18–21) | 17 (16–19) | 0.083 | 18 (17–20) | 16 (16–18) | 0.051 |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 55 (41–63) | 43 (34–52) | 0.030 | 52 (49–60) | 46 (44–50) | 0.184 |
| Mitral regurgitation, n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| None (grade 0) | 0 (0) | 12 (52) | 0 (0) | 0 (00) | ||
| Mild (grade 1) | 0 (0) | 11 (48) | 0 (0) | 4 (80) | ||
| Moderate (grade 2) | 7 (30) | 0 (0) | 3 (60) | 1 (20) | ||
| Severe (grade 3) | 16 (70) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | ||
Data are median (IQR). P-values for the surgical cohort were calculated using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significant differences are indicated in bold.
BSA: body surface area; IPMD: interpapillary muscle distance; IQR: interquartile range; LVEDD/LVESD: left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters; LVEDVi/LVESVi: left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume index; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVSVi: left ventricular stroke volume index; PMAD: papillary muscle to mitral annulus distance; sPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
Development of left ventricular parameters preoperatively and 1 year after mitral valve annuloplasty with simultaneous papillary muscle repositioning as compared to an isolated annuloplasty control group, measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography
| . | Surgical cohort . | Control group . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperatively . | One year after surgery . | P-Value . | Preoperatively . | One year after surgery . | P-Value . | |
| Cardiac MRI parameters | ||||||
| Tenting height (mm) | 12 (11–13) | 9 (8–11) | 0.023 | 12 (8–14) | 10 (9–12) | 0.684 |
| Annular diameter (mm) | 37 (36–41) | 30 (28–33) | 0.001 | 36 (33–39) | 26 (25–32) | 0.068 |
| Tenting area (mm2) | 213 (184–267) | 136 (115–176) | 0.001 | 224 (158–239) | 187 (115–171) | 0.068 |
| Ant. tenting angle (°) | 28 (26–32) | 32 (27–37) | 0.506 | 32 (29–37) | 36 (28–42) | 0.456 |
| Post. tenting angle (°) | 38 (32–42) | 34 (26–38) | 0.075 | 48 (36–55) | 39 (24–43) | 0.273 |
| IMPD (mm) | 27 (23–32) | 22 (18–26) | 0.038 | 22 (17–27) | 21 (15–24) | 0.500 |
| PMAD (mm) | 30 (27–34) | 25 (21–27) | 0.001 | 26 (24–28) | 25 (23–28) | 0.465 |
| LVEDVi (ml/BSA) | 131 (109–149) | 123 (83–145) | 0.087 | 96 (82–138) | 93 (90–155) | 0.593 |
| LVESVi (ml/BSA) | 95 (60–100) | 81 (39–100) | 0.133 | 44 (31–89) | 47 (37–110) | 0.593 |
| LVSVi (ml/BSA) | 43 (33–52) | 42 (35–47) | 0.213 | 51 (45–55) | 50 (40–54) | 0.109 |
| LVEF (%) | 35 (29–44) | 33 (30–52) | 0.875 | 47 (36–61) | 49 (31–59) | 0.593 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 66 (60–71) | 58 (53–67) | 0.001 | 62 (61–67) | 60 (53–67) | 0.462 |
| LVESD (mm) | 52 (48–61) | 49 (40–58) | 0.002 | 48 (44–62) | 44 (35–54) | 0.343 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 36 (31–30) | 39 (32–43) | 0.467 | 46 (34–62) | 45 (34–55) | 0.534 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 65 (56–70) | 58 (55–61) | 0.048 | 59 (51–60) | 55 (56–59) | 0.838 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19 (18–21) | 17 (16–19) | 0.083 | 18 (17–20) | 16 (16–18) | 0.051 |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 55 (41–63) | 43 (34–52) | 0.030 | 52 (49–60) | 46 (44–50) | 0.184 |
| Mitral regurgitation, n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| None (grade 0) | 0 (0) | 12 (52) | 0 (0) | 0 (00) | ||
| Mild (grade 1) | 0 (0) | 11 (48) | 0 (0) | 4 (80) | ||
| Moderate (grade 2) | 7 (30) | 0 (0) | 3 (60) | 1 (20) | ||
| Severe (grade 3) | 16 (70) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | ||
| . | Surgical cohort . | Control group . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperatively . | One year after surgery . | P-Value . | Preoperatively . | One year after surgery . | P-Value . | |
| Cardiac MRI parameters | ||||||
| Tenting height (mm) | 12 (11–13) | 9 (8–11) | 0.023 | 12 (8–14) | 10 (9–12) | 0.684 |
| Annular diameter (mm) | 37 (36–41) | 30 (28–33) | 0.001 | 36 (33–39) | 26 (25–32) | 0.068 |
| Tenting area (mm2) | 213 (184–267) | 136 (115–176) | 0.001 | 224 (158–239) | 187 (115–171) | 0.068 |
| Ant. tenting angle (°) | 28 (26–32) | 32 (27–37) | 0.506 | 32 (29–37) | 36 (28–42) | 0.456 |
| Post. tenting angle (°) | 38 (32–42) | 34 (26–38) | 0.075 | 48 (36–55) | 39 (24–43) | 0.273 |
| IMPD (mm) | 27 (23–32) | 22 (18–26) | 0.038 | 22 (17–27) | 21 (15–24) | 0.500 |
| PMAD (mm) | 30 (27–34) | 25 (21–27) | 0.001 | 26 (24–28) | 25 (23–28) | 0.465 |
| LVEDVi (ml/BSA) | 131 (109–149) | 123 (83–145) | 0.087 | 96 (82–138) | 93 (90–155) | 0.593 |
| LVESVi (ml/BSA) | 95 (60–100) | 81 (39–100) | 0.133 | 44 (31–89) | 47 (37–110) | 0.593 |
| LVSVi (ml/BSA) | 43 (33–52) | 42 (35–47) | 0.213 | 51 (45–55) | 50 (40–54) | 0.109 |
| LVEF (%) | 35 (29–44) | 33 (30–52) | 0.875 | 47 (36–61) | 49 (31–59) | 0.593 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 66 (60–71) | 58 (53–67) | 0.001 | 62 (61–67) | 60 (53–67) | 0.462 |
| LVESD (mm) | 52 (48–61) | 49 (40–58) | 0.002 | 48 (44–62) | 44 (35–54) | 0.343 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 36 (31–30) | 39 (32–43) | 0.467 | 46 (34–62) | 45 (34–55) | 0.534 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 65 (56–70) | 58 (55–61) | 0.048 | 59 (51–60) | 55 (56–59) | 0.838 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19 (18–21) | 17 (16–19) | 0.083 | 18 (17–20) | 16 (16–18) | 0.051 |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 55 (41–63) | 43 (34–52) | 0.030 | 52 (49–60) | 46 (44–50) | 0.184 |
| Mitral regurgitation, n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| None (grade 0) | 0 (0) | 12 (52) | 0 (0) | 0 (00) | ||
| Mild (grade 1) | 0 (0) | 11 (48) | 0 (0) | 4 (80) | ||
| Moderate (grade 2) | 7 (30) | 0 (0) | 3 (60) | 1 (20) | ||
| Severe (grade 3) | 16 (70) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | ||
Data are median (IQR). P-values for the surgical cohort were calculated using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significant differences are indicated in bold.
BSA: body surface area; IPMD: interpapillary muscle distance; IQR: interquartile range; LVEDD/LVESD: left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters; LVEDVi/LVESVi: left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume index; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVSVi: left ventricular stroke volume index; PMAD: papillary muscle to mitral annulus distance; sPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
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