Table 3: Open in new tab Associations...

	Healthcare professionalsa	Radiob	Public forumsc	Support groupsd
Age group (in years)
65 and above	ref				ref				ref				ref
50–64	1.11	0.97	1.28	0.14	1.08	0.93	1.25	0.33	1.2	0.92	1.58	0.18	1.00	0.69	1.45	0.98
35–49	1.07	0.9	1.28	0.46	1.09	0.91	1.31	0.33	1.22	0.89	1.67	0.22	1.14	0.75	1.74	0.54
18–34	0.85	0.71	1.03	0.11	0.67	0.55	0.82	<0.001	0.55	0.39	0.79	<0.001	0.76	0.48	1.22	0.26
Gender
Female	ref				ref				ref				ref
Male	1.07	0.97	1.18	0.17	0.93	0.84	1.03	0.18	1.04	0.87	1.24	0.67	0.99	0.77	1.28	0.96
Ethnicity
Chinese	ref				ref				ref				ref
Malay	1.33	1.22	1.45	<0.001	1.21	1.1	1.33	<0.001	1.14	0.97	1.34	0.12	1.59	1.26	2.01	<0.001
Indian	1.29	1.18	1.4	<0.001	1.12	1.02	1.24	0.02	1.07	0.91	1.26	0.39	1.52	1.21	1.91	<0.001
Others	1.25	1.08	1.45	<0.001	0.75	0.6	0.93	0.01	0.89	0.65	1.22	0.46	1.41	0.94	2.13	0.1
Education
Degree, professional certification and above	ref				ref				ref				ref
Primary and below	1.14	0.95	1.37	0.16	1.22	1.00	1.48	0.04	1.02	0.71	1.44	0.93	1.58	1.01	2.47	0.04
Secondary school	0.98	0.82	1.16	0.78	0.97	0.81	1.18	0.78	1.13	0.83	1.54	0.42	1.37	0.91	2.07	0.14
Pre-University/junior college**	0.87	0.64	1.17	0.36	1.26	0.98	1.61	0.07	1.06	0.67	1.7	0.79	1.18	0.6	2.3	0.63
Vocational institute/ITE	0.83	0.66	1.05	0.12	1.05	0.83	1.32	0.68	1.04	0.71	1.53	0.82	1.44	0.88	2.35	0.15
Diploma	0.92	0.78	1.1	0.36	0.89	0.73	1.08	0.24	1.04	0.77	1.4	0.8	0.9	0.59	1.37	0.62
Employment
Employed	ref				ref				ref				ref
Economically inactive	0.97	0.85	1.11	0.66	0.87	0.75	0.99	0.04	1.00	0.78	1.28	0.99	1.08	0.76	1.54	0.67
Unemployed	0.97	0.77	1.2	0.75	0.97	0.76	1.22	0.77	0.93	0.59	1.46	0.74	1.48	0.9	2.46	0.13
Monthly personal income (in SGD)
Below 2000 and no income	ref				ref				ref				ref
2000–3999	0.99	0.86	1.13	0.85	1.08	0.94	1.24	0.28	1.04	0.8	1.34	0.79	1.21	0.84	1.73	0.31
4000–5999	1.03	0.86	1.23	0.76	1.00	0.82	1.21	0.97	1.04	0.76	1.44	0.8	1.16	0.75	1.81	0.5
6000–9999	0.85	0.66	1.1	0.22	0.85	0.66	1.1	0.22	0.75	0.48	1.15	0.19	0.71	0.39	1.3	0.27
10 000 and above	0.94	0.71	1.24	0.66	0.85	0.62	1.16	0.31	0.88	0.54	1.43	0.61	1.31	0.66	2.61	0.44
Diabetes
No diabetes	ref				ref				ref				ref
Has diabetes	1.62	1.49	1.75	<0.001	1.05	0.91	1.21	0.48	1.1	0.85	1.41	0.48	1.37	0.99	1.89	0.06

	Healthcare professionalsa	Radiob	Public forumsc	Support groupsd
Age group (in years)
65 and above	ref				ref				ref				ref
50–64	1.11	0.97	1.28	0.14	1.08	0.93	1.25	0.33	1.2	0.92	1.58	0.18	1.00	0.69	1.45	0.98
35–49	1.07	0.9	1.28	0.46	1.09	0.91	1.31	0.33	1.22	0.89	1.67	0.22	1.14	0.75	1.74	0.54
18–34	0.85	0.71	1.03	0.11	0.67	0.55	0.82	<0.001	0.55	0.39	0.79	<0.001	0.76	0.48	1.22	0.26
Gender
Female	ref				ref				ref				ref
Male	1.07	0.97	1.18	0.17	0.93	0.84	1.03	0.18	1.04	0.87	1.24	0.67	0.99	0.77	1.28	0.96
Ethnicity
Chinese	ref				ref				ref				ref
Malay	1.33	1.22	1.45	<0.001	1.21	1.1	1.33	<0.001	1.14	0.97	1.34	0.12	1.59	1.26	2.01	<0.001
Indian	1.29	1.18	1.4	<0.001	1.12	1.02	1.24	0.02	1.07	0.91	1.26	0.39	1.52	1.21	1.91	<0.001
Others	1.25	1.08	1.45	<0.001	0.75	0.6	0.93	0.01	0.89	0.65	1.22	0.46	1.41	0.94	2.13	0.1
Education
Degree, professional certification and above	ref				ref				ref				ref
Primary and below	1.14	0.95	1.37	0.16	1.22	1.00	1.48	0.04	1.02	0.71	1.44	0.93	1.58	1.01	2.47	0.04
Secondary school	0.98	0.82	1.16	0.78	0.97	0.81	1.18	0.78	1.13	0.83	1.54	0.42	1.37	0.91	2.07	0.14
Pre-University/junior college**	0.87	0.64	1.17	0.36	1.26	0.98	1.61	0.07	1.06	0.67	1.7	0.79	1.18	0.6	2.3	0.63
Vocational institute/ITE	0.83	0.66	1.05	0.12	1.05	0.83	1.32	0.68	1.04	0.71	1.53	0.82	1.44	0.88	2.35	0.15
Diploma	0.92	0.78	1.1	0.36	0.89	0.73	1.08	0.24	1.04	0.77	1.4	0.8	0.9	0.59	1.37	0.62
Employment
Employed	ref				ref				ref				ref
Economically inactive	0.97	0.85	1.11	0.66	0.87	0.75	0.99	0.04	1.00	0.78	1.28	0.99	1.08	0.76	1.54	0.67
Unemployed	0.97	0.77	1.2	0.75	0.97	0.76	1.22	0.77	0.93	0.59	1.46	0.74	1.48	0.9	2.46	0.13
Monthly personal income (in SGD)
Below 2000 and no income	ref				ref				ref				ref
2000–3999	0.99	0.86	1.13	0.85	1.08	0.94	1.24	0.28	1.04	0.8	1.34	0.79	1.21	0.84	1.73	0.31
4000–5999	1.03	0.86	1.23	0.76	1.00	0.82	1.21	0.97	1.04	0.76	1.44	0.8	1.16	0.75	1.81	0.5
6000–9999	0.85	0.66	1.1	0.22	0.85	0.66	1.1	0.22	0.75	0.48	1.15	0.19	0.71	0.39	1.3	0.27
10 000 and above	0.94	0.71	1.24	0.66	0.85	0.62	1.16	0.31	0.88	0.54	1.43	0.61	1.31	0.66	2.61	0.44
Diabetes
No diabetes	ref				ref				ref				ref
Has diabetes	1.62	1.49	1.75	<0.001	1.05	0.91	1.21	0.48	1.1	0.85	1.41	0.48	1.37	0.99	1.89	0.06

Table 3:

Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and receiving specific sources of diabetes information for the bottom four sources of information

	Healthcare professionalsa				Radiob				Public forumsc				Support groupsd
	APR	95%	CI	p*	APR	95%	CI	p*	APR	95%	CI	p*	APR	95%	CI	p*
Age group (in years)
65 and above	ref				ref				ref				ref
50–64	1.11	0.97	1.28	0.14	1.08	0.93	1.25	0.33	1.2	0.92	1.58	0.18	1.00	0.69	1.45	0.98
35–49	1.07	0.9	1.28	0.46	1.09	0.91	1.31	0.33	1.22	0.89	1.67	0.22	1.14	0.75	1.74	0.54
18–34	0.85	0.71	1.03	0.11	0.67	0.55	0.82	<0.001	0.55	0.39	0.79	<0.001	0.76	0.48	1.22	0.26
Gender
Female	ref				ref				ref				ref
Male	1.07	0.97	1.18	0.17	0.93	0.84	1.03	0.18	1.04	0.87	1.24	0.67	0.99	0.77	1.28	0.96
Ethnicity
Chinese	ref				ref				ref				ref
Malay	1.33	1.22	1.45	<0.001	1.21	1.1	1.33	<0.001	1.14	0.97	1.34	0.12	1.59	1.26	2.01	<0.001
Indian	1.29	1.18	1.4	<0.001	1.12	1.02	1.24	0.02	1.07	0.91	1.26	0.39	1.52	1.21	1.91	<0.001
Others	1.25	1.08	1.45	<0.001	0.75	0.6	0.93	0.01	0.89	0.65	1.22	0.46	1.41	0.94	2.13	0.1
Education
Degree, professional certification and above	ref				ref				ref				ref
Primary and below	1.14	0.95	1.37	0.16	1.22	1.00	1.48	0.04	1.02	0.71	1.44	0.93	1.58	1.01	2.47	0.04
Secondary school	0.98	0.82	1.16	0.78	0.97	0.81	1.18	0.78	1.13	0.83	1.54	0.42	1.37	0.91	2.07	0.14
Pre-University/junior college**	0.87	0.64	1.17	0.36	1.26	0.98	1.61	0.07	1.06	0.67	1.7	0.79	1.18	0.6	2.3	0.63
Vocational institute/ITE	0.83	0.66	1.05	0.12	1.05	0.83	1.32	0.68	1.04	0.71	1.53	0.82	1.44	0.88	2.35	0.15
Diploma	0.92	0.78	1.1	0.36	0.89	0.73	1.08	0.24	1.04	0.77	1.4	0.8	0.9	0.59	1.37	0.62
Employment
Employed	ref				ref				ref				ref
Economically inactive	0.97	0.85	1.11	0.66	0.87	0.75	0.99	0.04	1.00	0.78	1.28	0.99	1.08	0.76	1.54	0.67
Unemployed	0.97	0.77	1.2	0.75	0.97	0.76	1.22	0.77	0.93	0.59	1.46	0.74	1.48	0.9	2.46	0.13
Monthly personal income (in SGD)
Below 2000 and no income	ref				ref				ref				ref
2000–3999	0.99	0.86	1.13	0.85	1.08	0.94	1.24	0.28	1.04	0.8	1.34	0.79	1.21	0.84	1.73	0.31
4000–5999	1.03	0.86	1.23	0.76	1.00	0.82	1.21	0.97	1.04	0.76	1.44	0.8	1.16	0.75	1.81	0.5
6000–9999	0.85	0.66	1.1	0.22	0.85	0.66	1.1	0.22	0.75	0.48	1.15	0.19	0.71	0.39	1.3	0.27
10 000 and above	0.94	0.71	1.24	0.66	0.85	0.62	1.16	0.31	0.88	0.54	1.43	0.61	1.31	0.66	2.61	0.44
Diabetes
No diabetes	ref				ref				ref				ref
Has diabetes	1.62	1.49	1.75	<0.001	1.05	0.91	1.21	0.48	1.1	0.85	1.41	0.48	1.37	0.99	1.89	0.06

	Healthcare professionalsa				Radiob				Public forumsc				Support groupsd
	APR	95%	CI	p*	APR	95%	CI	p*	APR	95%	CI	p*	APR	95%	CI	p*
Age group (in years)
65 and above	ref				ref				ref				ref
50–64	1.11	0.97	1.28	0.14	1.08	0.93	1.25	0.33	1.2	0.92	1.58	0.18	1.00	0.69	1.45	0.98
35–49	1.07	0.9	1.28	0.46	1.09	0.91	1.31	0.33	1.22	0.89	1.67	0.22	1.14	0.75	1.74	0.54
18–34	0.85	0.71	1.03	0.11	0.67	0.55	0.82	<0.001	0.55	0.39	0.79	<0.001	0.76	0.48	1.22	0.26
Gender
Female	ref				ref				ref				ref
Male	1.07	0.97	1.18	0.17	0.93	0.84	1.03	0.18	1.04	0.87	1.24	0.67	0.99	0.77	1.28	0.96
Ethnicity
Chinese	ref				ref				ref				ref
Malay	1.33	1.22	1.45	<0.001	1.21	1.1	1.33	<0.001	1.14	0.97	1.34	0.12	1.59	1.26	2.01	<0.001
Indian	1.29	1.18	1.4	<0.001	1.12	1.02	1.24	0.02	1.07	0.91	1.26	0.39	1.52	1.21	1.91	<0.001
Others	1.25	1.08	1.45	<0.001	0.75	0.6	0.93	0.01	0.89	0.65	1.22	0.46	1.41	0.94	2.13	0.1
Education
Degree, professional certification and above	ref				ref				ref				ref
Primary and below	1.14	0.95	1.37	0.16	1.22	1.00	1.48	0.04	1.02	0.71	1.44	0.93	1.58	1.01	2.47	0.04
Secondary school	0.98	0.82	1.16	0.78	0.97	0.81	1.18	0.78	1.13	0.83	1.54	0.42	1.37	0.91	2.07	0.14
Pre-University/junior college**	0.87	0.64	1.17	0.36	1.26	0.98	1.61	0.07	1.06	0.67	1.7	0.79	1.18	0.6	2.3	0.63
Vocational institute/ITE	0.83	0.66	1.05	0.12	1.05	0.83	1.32	0.68	1.04	0.71	1.53	0.82	1.44	0.88	2.35	0.15
Diploma	0.92	0.78	1.1	0.36	0.89	0.73	1.08	0.24	1.04	0.77	1.4	0.8	0.9	0.59	1.37	0.62
Employment
Employed	ref				ref				ref				ref
Economically inactive	0.97	0.85	1.11	0.66	0.87	0.75	0.99	0.04	1.00	0.78	1.28	0.99	1.08	0.76	1.54	0.67
Unemployed	0.97	0.77	1.2	0.75	0.97	0.76	1.22	0.77	0.93	0.59	1.46	0.74	1.48	0.9	2.46	0.13
Monthly personal income (in SGD)
Below 2000 and no income	ref				ref				ref				ref
2000–3999	0.99	0.86	1.13	0.85	1.08	0.94	1.24	0.28	1.04	0.8	1.34	0.79	1.21	0.84	1.73	0.31
4000–5999	1.03	0.86	1.23	0.76	1.00	0.82	1.21	0.97	1.04	0.76	1.44	0.8	1.16	0.75	1.81	0.5
6000–9999	0.85	0.66	1.1	0.22	0.85	0.66	1.1	0.22	0.75	0.48	1.15	0.19	0.71	0.39	1.3	0.27
10 000 and above	0.94	0.71	1.24	0.66	0.85	0.62	1.16	0.31	0.88	0.54	1.43	0.61	1.31	0.66	2.61	0.44
Diabetes
No diabetes	ref				ref				ref				ref
Has diabetes	1.62	1.49	1.75	<0.001	1.05	0.91	1.21	0.48	1.1	0.85	1.41	0.48	1.37	0.99	1.89	0.06

Numbers may not tally with the total sample size due to missing data (e.g. those who refused to provide information regarding income, BMI). Bold print highlights a statistically significant prevalence ratio. ITE: Institute of Technical Education. Economically inactive: students, housewives and retirees.

After listwise deletion of missing data (survey-weighted percentages displayed in parenthesis):

n = 2768; no endorsement (ref) n = 975 (44.42%); endorsed n = 1793 (55.58%).

n = 2620; no endorsement (ref) n = 1085 (45.59%); endorsed n = 1535 (54.41%).

n = 2740; no endorsement (ref) n = 1919 (71.42%); endorsed n = 821 (28.58%).

n = 2737; no endorsement (ref) n = 2159 (83.60%); endorsed n = 518 (16.40%).

Multivariable Poisson regression adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, education, employment, monthly personal income and having a history of diabetes.

Equivalent to completion of 12th grade in the US school system.

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only