| . | Total (n = 3116) . | Prosthesis+Repair (n = 939) . | Native (n = 1764) . | PM/ICD (n = 308) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| N | 3116 | 939 | 1764 | 308 | |
| Mean ± SD | 59.25 ± 18.03 | 63.36 ± 16.81 | 55.61 ± 18.45 | 66.77 ± 14.11 | <0.0001 |
| Median (IQR) | 63.0 (46.0–73.0) | 67.0 (54.0–75.0) | 58.0 (41.0–70.0) | 69.0 (60.0–76.0) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 1443/3116 (46.3%) | 538/939 (57.3%) | 662/1764 (37.5%) | 194/308 (63.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 80 years | 375/3116 (12.0%) | 141/939 (15.0%) | 163/1764 (9.2%) | 56/308 (18.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Females (%) | 969/3116 (31.1%) | 292/939 (31.1%) | 553/1764 (31.3%) | 86/308 (27.9%) | 0.4901 |
| History of cardiovascular diseases | |||||
| Heart failure | 662/2840 (23.3%) | 271/856 (31.7%) | 238/1620 (14.7%) | 123/270 (45.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Congenital disease | 365/3114 (11.7%) | 130/938 (13.9%) | 197/1763 (11.2%) | 18/308 (5.8%) | 0.0001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 622/2897 (21.5%) | 266/881 (30.2%) | 207/1637 (12.6%) | 128/284 (45.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 767/2918 (26.3%) | 365/891 (41.0%) | 240/1634 (14.7%) | 133/294 (45.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 63/2840 (2.2%) | 20/856 (2.3%) | 28/1620 (1.7%) | 11/270 (4.1%) | 0.0498 |
| Known valve murmur | 972/2840 (34.2%) | 455/856 (53.2%) | 427/1620 (26.4%) | 55/270 (20.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Previous endocarditis (%) | 274/3116 (8.8%) | 170/939 (18.1%) | 67/1764 (3.8%) | 17/308 (5.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Device therapy | |||||
| Pacemaker | 325/3116 (10.4%) | 97/939 (10.3%) | 53/1764 (3.0%) | 161/308 (52.3%) | |
| ICD (defibrillator) | 125/3116 (4.0%) | 18/939 (1.9%) | 15/1764 (0.9%) | 89/308 (28.9%) | |
| CRT-D (with ICD) | 72/3116 (2.3%) | 13/939 (1.4%) | 3/1764 (0.2%) | 47/308 (15.3%) | |
| CRT-P (pacing only) | 15/3116 (0.5%) | 7/939 (0.7%) | 1/1764 (0.1%) | 6/308 (1.9%) | |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Previous stroke/TIA | 340/2860 (11.9%) | 132/867 (15.2%) | 160/1626 (9.8%) | 34/273 (12.5%) | 0.0003 |
| Arterial hypertension | 1502/3111 (48.3%) | 531/938 (56.6%) | 726/1762 (41.2%) | 194/306 (63.4%) | <0.0001 |
| COPD/asthma | 318/3111 (10.2%) | 98/937 (10.5%) | 160/1762 (9.1%) | 49/307 (16.0%) | 0.0011 |
| Chronic renal failure | 553/3113 (17.8%) | 191/938 (20.4%) | 255/1762 (14.5%) | 83/308 (26.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Dialysis | 163/3113 (5.2%) | 28/938 (3.0%) | 107/1762 (6.1%) | 18/308 (5.8%) | <0.0001 |
| HIV | 31/3038 (1.0%) | 3/916 (0.3%) | 24/1726 (1.4%) | 2/294 (0.7%) | 0.0212 |
| Hypo/hyperthyroidism | 226/2820 (8.0%) | 93/852 (10.9%) | 98/1606 (6.1%) | 24/270 (8.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic autoimmune disease | 109/3103 (3.5%) | 18/937 (1.9%) | 74/1753 (4.2%) | 12/308 (3.9%) | 0.0030 |
| Cancer | 361/3088 (11.7%) | 107/930 (11.5%) | 210/1746 (12.0%) | 31/308 (10.1%) | 0.6230 |
| Current pregnancy | 8/3092 (0.3%) | 2/932 (0.2%) | 6/1749 (0.3%) | 0/307 (0.0%) | 0.7716 |
| Smoking | 759/2938 (25.8%) | 166/880 (18.9%) | 507/1666 (30.4%) | 68/296 (23.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Intravenous drug dependency | 212/3067 (6.9%) | 20/930 (2.2%) | 184/1729 (10.6%) | 3/305 (1.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 228/3003 (7.6%) | 44/910 (4.8%) | 166/1691 (9.8%) | 12/301 (4.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 104/2840 (3.7%) | 21/856 (2.5%) | 71/1620 (4.4%) | 8/270 (3.0%) | 0.0450 |
| Long corticotherapy | 127/2840 (4.5%) | 28/856 (3.3%) | 84/1620 (5.2%) | 13/270 (4.8%) | 0.0871 |
| Intravenous catheter | 250/3104 (8.1%) | 63/934 (6.7%) | 150/1760 (8.5%) | 24/306 (7.8%) | 0.2672 |
| . | Total (n = 3116) . | Prosthesis+Repair (n = 939) . | Native (n = 1764) . | PM/ICD (n = 308) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| N | 3116 | 939 | 1764 | 308 | |
| Mean ± SD | 59.25 ± 18.03 | 63.36 ± 16.81 | 55.61 ± 18.45 | 66.77 ± 14.11 | <0.0001 |
| Median (IQR) | 63.0 (46.0–73.0) | 67.0 (54.0–75.0) | 58.0 (41.0–70.0) | 69.0 (60.0–76.0) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 1443/3116 (46.3%) | 538/939 (57.3%) | 662/1764 (37.5%) | 194/308 (63.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 80 years | 375/3116 (12.0%) | 141/939 (15.0%) | 163/1764 (9.2%) | 56/308 (18.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Females (%) | 969/3116 (31.1%) | 292/939 (31.1%) | 553/1764 (31.3%) | 86/308 (27.9%) | 0.4901 |
| History of cardiovascular diseases | |||||
| Heart failure | 662/2840 (23.3%) | 271/856 (31.7%) | 238/1620 (14.7%) | 123/270 (45.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Congenital disease | 365/3114 (11.7%) | 130/938 (13.9%) | 197/1763 (11.2%) | 18/308 (5.8%) | 0.0001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 622/2897 (21.5%) | 266/881 (30.2%) | 207/1637 (12.6%) | 128/284 (45.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 767/2918 (26.3%) | 365/891 (41.0%) | 240/1634 (14.7%) | 133/294 (45.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 63/2840 (2.2%) | 20/856 (2.3%) | 28/1620 (1.7%) | 11/270 (4.1%) | 0.0498 |
| Known valve murmur | 972/2840 (34.2%) | 455/856 (53.2%) | 427/1620 (26.4%) | 55/270 (20.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Previous endocarditis (%) | 274/3116 (8.8%) | 170/939 (18.1%) | 67/1764 (3.8%) | 17/308 (5.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Device therapy | |||||
| Pacemaker | 325/3116 (10.4%) | 97/939 (10.3%) | 53/1764 (3.0%) | 161/308 (52.3%) | |
| ICD (defibrillator) | 125/3116 (4.0%) | 18/939 (1.9%) | 15/1764 (0.9%) | 89/308 (28.9%) | |
| CRT-D (with ICD) | 72/3116 (2.3%) | 13/939 (1.4%) | 3/1764 (0.2%) | 47/308 (15.3%) | |
| CRT-P (pacing only) | 15/3116 (0.5%) | 7/939 (0.7%) | 1/1764 (0.1%) | 6/308 (1.9%) | |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Previous stroke/TIA | 340/2860 (11.9%) | 132/867 (15.2%) | 160/1626 (9.8%) | 34/273 (12.5%) | 0.0003 |
| Arterial hypertension | 1502/3111 (48.3%) | 531/938 (56.6%) | 726/1762 (41.2%) | 194/306 (63.4%) | <0.0001 |
| COPD/asthma | 318/3111 (10.2%) | 98/937 (10.5%) | 160/1762 (9.1%) | 49/307 (16.0%) | 0.0011 |
| Chronic renal failure | 553/3113 (17.8%) | 191/938 (20.4%) | 255/1762 (14.5%) | 83/308 (26.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Dialysis | 163/3113 (5.2%) | 28/938 (3.0%) | 107/1762 (6.1%) | 18/308 (5.8%) | <0.0001 |
| HIV | 31/3038 (1.0%) | 3/916 (0.3%) | 24/1726 (1.4%) | 2/294 (0.7%) | 0.0212 |
| Hypo/hyperthyroidism | 226/2820 (8.0%) | 93/852 (10.9%) | 98/1606 (6.1%) | 24/270 (8.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic autoimmune disease | 109/3103 (3.5%) | 18/937 (1.9%) | 74/1753 (4.2%) | 12/308 (3.9%) | 0.0030 |
| Cancer | 361/3088 (11.7%) | 107/930 (11.5%) | 210/1746 (12.0%) | 31/308 (10.1%) | 0.6230 |
| Current pregnancy | 8/3092 (0.3%) | 2/932 (0.2%) | 6/1749 (0.3%) | 0/307 (0.0%) | 0.7716 |
| Smoking | 759/2938 (25.8%) | 166/880 (18.9%) | 507/1666 (30.4%) | 68/296 (23.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Intravenous drug dependency | 212/3067 (6.9%) | 20/930 (2.2%) | 184/1729 (10.6%) | 3/305 (1.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 228/3003 (7.6%) | 44/910 (4.8%) | 166/1691 (9.8%) | 12/301 (4.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 104/2840 (3.7%) | 21/856 (2.5%) | 71/1620 (4.4%) | 8/270 (3.0%) | 0.0450 |
| Long corticotherapy | 127/2840 (4.5%) | 28/856 (3.3%) | 84/1620 (5.2%) | 13/270 (4.8%) | 0.0871 |
| Intravenous catheter | 250/3104 (8.1%) | 63/934 (6.7%) | 150/1760 (8.5%) | 24/306 (7.8%) | 0.2672 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD, intracardiac defibrillator; PM, pacemaker; TIA: transient ischaemic attack.
| . | Total (n = 3116) . | Prosthesis+Repair (n = 939) . | Native (n = 1764) . | PM/ICD (n = 308) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| N | 3116 | 939 | 1764 | 308 | |
| Mean ± SD | 59.25 ± 18.03 | 63.36 ± 16.81 | 55.61 ± 18.45 | 66.77 ± 14.11 | <0.0001 |
| Median (IQR) | 63.0 (46.0–73.0) | 67.0 (54.0–75.0) | 58.0 (41.0–70.0) | 69.0 (60.0–76.0) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 1443/3116 (46.3%) | 538/939 (57.3%) | 662/1764 (37.5%) | 194/308 (63.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 80 years | 375/3116 (12.0%) | 141/939 (15.0%) | 163/1764 (9.2%) | 56/308 (18.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Females (%) | 969/3116 (31.1%) | 292/939 (31.1%) | 553/1764 (31.3%) | 86/308 (27.9%) | 0.4901 |
| History of cardiovascular diseases | |||||
| Heart failure | 662/2840 (23.3%) | 271/856 (31.7%) | 238/1620 (14.7%) | 123/270 (45.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Congenital disease | 365/3114 (11.7%) | 130/938 (13.9%) | 197/1763 (11.2%) | 18/308 (5.8%) | 0.0001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 622/2897 (21.5%) | 266/881 (30.2%) | 207/1637 (12.6%) | 128/284 (45.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 767/2918 (26.3%) | 365/891 (41.0%) | 240/1634 (14.7%) | 133/294 (45.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 63/2840 (2.2%) | 20/856 (2.3%) | 28/1620 (1.7%) | 11/270 (4.1%) | 0.0498 |
| Known valve murmur | 972/2840 (34.2%) | 455/856 (53.2%) | 427/1620 (26.4%) | 55/270 (20.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Previous endocarditis (%) | 274/3116 (8.8%) | 170/939 (18.1%) | 67/1764 (3.8%) | 17/308 (5.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Device therapy | |||||
| Pacemaker | 325/3116 (10.4%) | 97/939 (10.3%) | 53/1764 (3.0%) | 161/308 (52.3%) | |
| ICD (defibrillator) | 125/3116 (4.0%) | 18/939 (1.9%) | 15/1764 (0.9%) | 89/308 (28.9%) | |
| CRT-D (with ICD) | 72/3116 (2.3%) | 13/939 (1.4%) | 3/1764 (0.2%) | 47/308 (15.3%) | |
| CRT-P (pacing only) | 15/3116 (0.5%) | 7/939 (0.7%) | 1/1764 (0.1%) | 6/308 (1.9%) | |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Previous stroke/TIA | 340/2860 (11.9%) | 132/867 (15.2%) | 160/1626 (9.8%) | 34/273 (12.5%) | 0.0003 |
| Arterial hypertension | 1502/3111 (48.3%) | 531/938 (56.6%) | 726/1762 (41.2%) | 194/306 (63.4%) | <0.0001 |
| COPD/asthma | 318/3111 (10.2%) | 98/937 (10.5%) | 160/1762 (9.1%) | 49/307 (16.0%) | 0.0011 |
| Chronic renal failure | 553/3113 (17.8%) | 191/938 (20.4%) | 255/1762 (14.5%) | 83/308 (26.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Dialysis | 163/3113 (5.2%) | 28/938 (3.0%) | 107/1762 (6.1%) | 18/308 (5.8%) | <0.0001 |
| HIV | 31/3038 (1.0%) | 3/916 (0.3%) | 24/1726 (1.4%) | 2/294 (0.7%) | 0.0212 |
| Hypo/hyperthyroidism | 226/2820 (8.0%) | 93/852 (10.9%) | 98/1606 (6.1%) | 24/270 (8.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic autoimmune disease | 109/3103 (3.5%) | 18/937 (1.9%) | 74/1753 (4.2%) | 12/308 (3.9%) | 0.0030 |
| Cancer | 361/3088 (11.7%) | 107/930 (11.5%) | 210/1746 (12.0%) | 31/308 (10.1%) | 0.6230 |
| Current pregnancy | 8/3092 (0.3%) | 2/932 (0.2%) | 6/1749 (0.3%) | 0/307 (0.0%) | 0.7716 |
| Smoking | 759/2938 (25.8%) | 166/880 (18.9%) | 507/1666 (30.4%) | 68/296 (23.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Intravenous drug dependency | 212/3067 (6.9%) | 20/930 (2.2%) | 184/1729 (10.6%) | 3/305 (1.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 228/3003 (7.6%) | 44/910 (4.8%) | 166/1691 (9.8%) | 12/301 (4.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 104/2840 (3.7%) | 21/856 (2.5%) | 71/1620 (4.4%) | 8/270 (3.0%) | 0.0450 |
| Long corticotherapy | 127/2840 (4.5%) | 28/856 (3.3%) | 84/1620 (5.2%) | 13/270 (4.8%) | 0.0871 |
| Intravenous catheter | 250/3104 (8.1%) | 63/934 (6.7%) | 150/1760 (8.5%) | 24/306 (7.8%) | 0.2672 |
| . | Total (n = 3116) . | Prosthesis+Repair (n = 939) . | Native (n = 1764) . | PM/ICD (n = 308) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| N | 3116 | 939 | 1764 | 308 | |
| Mean ± SD | 59.25 ± 18.03 | 63.36 ± 16.81 | 55.61 ± 18.45 | 66.77 ± 14.11 | <0.0001 |
| Median (IQR) | 63.0 (46.0–73.0) | 67.0 (54.0–75.0) | 58.0 (41.0–70.0) | 69.0 (60.0–76.0) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 1443/3116 (46.3%) | 538/939 (57.3%) | 662/1764 (37.5%) | 194/308 (63.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 80 years | 375/3116 (12.0%) | 141/939 (15.0%) | 163/1764 (9.2%) | 56/308 (18.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Females (%) | 969/3116 (31.1%) | 292/939 (31.1%) | 553/1764 (31.3%) | 86/308 (27.9%) | 0.4901 |
| History of cardiovascular diseases | |||||
| Heart failure | 662/2840 (23.3%) | 271/856 (31.7%) | 238/1620 (14.7%) | 123/270 (45.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Congenital disease | 365/3114 (11.7%) | 130/938 (13.9%) | 197/1763 (11.2%) | 18/308 (5.8%) | 0.0001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 622/2897 (21.5%) | 266/881 (30.2%) | 207/1637 (12.6%) | 128/284 (45.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 767/2918 (26.3%) | 365/891 (41.0%) | 240/1634 (14.7%) | 133/294 (45.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 63/2840 (2.2%) | 20/856 (2.3%) | 28/1620 (1.7%) | 11/270 (4.1%) | 0.0498 |
| Known valve murmur | 972/2840 (34.2%) | 455/856 (53.2%) | 427/1620 (26.4%) | 55/270 (20.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Previous endocarditis (%) | 274/3116 (8.8%) | 170/939 (18.1%) | 67/1764 (3.8%) | 17/308 (5.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Device therapy | |||||
| Pacemaker | 325/3116 (10.4%) | 97/939 (10.3%) | 53/1764 (3.0%) | 161/308 (52.3%) | |
| ICD (defibrillator) | 125/3116 (4.0%) | 18/939 (1.9%) | 15/1764 (0.9%) | 89/308 (28.9%) | |
| CRT-D (with ICD) | 72/3116 (2.3%) | 13/939 (1.4%) | 3/1764 (0.2%) | 47/308 (15.3%) | |
| CRT-P (pacing only) | 15/3116 (0.5%) | 7/939 (0.7%) | 1/1764 (0.1%) | 6/308 (1.9%) | |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Previous stroke/TIA | 340/2860 (11.9%) | 132/867 (15.2%) | 160/1626 (9.8%) | 34/273 (12.5%) | 0.0003 |
| Arterial hypertension | 1502/3111 (48.3%) | 531/938 (56.6%) | 726/1762 (41.2%) | 194/306 (63.4%) | <0.0001 |
| COPD/asthma | 318/3111 (10.2%) | 98/937 (10.5%) | 160/1762 (9.1%) | 49/307 (16.0%) | 0.0011 |
| Chronic renal failure | 553/3113 (17.8%) | 191/938 (20.4%) | 255/1762 (14.5%) | 83/308 (26.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Dialysis | 163/3113 (5.2%) | 28/938 (3.0%) | 107/1762 (6.1%) | 18/308 (5.8%) | <0.0001 |
| HIV | 31/3038 (1.0%) | 3/916 (0.3%) | 24/1726 (1.4%) | 2/294 (0.7%) | 0.0212 |
| Hypo/hyperthyroidism | 226/2820 (8.0%) | 93/852 (10.9%) | 98/1606 (6.1%) | 24/270 (8.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic autoimmune disease | 109/3103 (3.5%) | 18/937 (1.9%) | 74/1753 (4.2%) | 12/308 (3.9%) | 0.0030 |
| Cancer | 361/3088 (11.7%) | 107/930 (11.5%) | 210/1746 (12.0%) | 31/308 (10.1%) | 0.6230 |
| Current pregnancy | 8/3092 (0.3%) | 2/932 (0.2%) | 6/1749 (0.3%) | 0/307 (0.0%) | 0.7716 |
| Smoking | 759/2938 (25.8%) | 166/880 (18.9%) | 507/1666 (30.4%) | 68/296 (23.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Intravenous drug dependency | 212/3067 (6.9%) | 20/930 (2.2%) | 184/1729 (10.6%) | 3/305 (1.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 228/3003 (7.6%) | 44/910 (4.8%) | 166/1691 (9.8%) | 12/301 (4.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 104/2840 (3.7%) | 21/856 (2.5%) | 71/1620 (4.4%) | 8/270 (3.0%) | 0.0450 |
| Long corticotherapy | 127/2840 (4.5%) | 28/856 (3.3%) | 84/1620 (5.2%) | 13/270 (4.8%) | 0.0871 |
| Intravenous catheter | 250/3104 (8.1%) | 63/934 (6.7%) | 150/1760 (8.5%) | 24/306 (7.8%) | 0.2672 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD, intracardiac defibrillator; PM, pacemaker; TIA: transient ischaemic attack.
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