Baseline patient characteristics in the Conservative and Intervention groups (SMVR and PMVR)
| Variable . | Conservative group . | Intervention group . | P-value . | SMVR . | PMVR . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 266) . | (n = 205) . | (n = 106) . | (n = 99) . | |||
| Age, years | 75 ± 12 | 70 ± 10 | <0.01 | 68 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 0.03 |
| Female sex | 124 (47) | 79 (39) | 0.09 | 28 (26) | 51 (51) | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 ± 4 | 27 ± 5 | 0.98 | 27 ± 4 | 26 ± 5 | 0.33 |
| Hypertension | 197 (74) | 137 (67) | 0.10 | 67 (63) | 70 (71) | 0.30 |
| Diabetes | 97 (36) | 83 (40) | 0.39 | 36 (34) | 47 (47) | 0.06 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 122 (46) | 124 (60) | 0.02 | 59 (56) | 65 (66) | 0.16 |
| COPD | 17 (6) | 25 (12) | 0.03 | 9 (8) | 16 (16) | 0.13 |
| Prior stroke | 15 (6) | 18 (9) | 0.20 | 6 (6) | 12 (12) | 0.14 |
| CKD grade ≥2 | 82 (31) | 43 (24) | 0.03 | 13 (12) | 30 (30) | 0.01 |
| Multivessel CAD | 174 (65) | 158 (77) | 0.02 | 78 (74) | 80 (81) | 0.25 |
| Prior MI | 52 (20) | 70 (34) | <0.01 | 15 (14) | 55 (56) | <0.01 |
| Prior CABG | 19 (7) | 29 (12) | 0.01 | 1 (<1%) | 28 (27) | <0.01 |
| EuroSCORE II, % | 8 [3–16] | 10 [5–19] | <0.01 | 10 [5–16] | 10 [7–21] | 0.03 |
| STEMI presentation | 161 (61) | 116 (57) | 0.40 | 45 (42) | 71 (72) | <0.01 |
| Involved wall—anterior | 97 (37) | 58 (28) | 0.08 | 22 (21) | 35 (36) | 0.02 |
| PCI | 199 (75) | 131 (65) | 0.02 | 37 (35) | 94 (94) | <0.01 |
| Killip class ≥3 | 114 (43) | 123 (60) | <0.01 | 57 (54) | 66 (67) | 0.07 |
| MR grade 4+ | 124 (47) | 150 (73) | <0.01 | 70 (66) | 80 (81) | 0.02 |
| sPAP, mmHg | 40 ± 17 | 47 ± 19 | <0.01 | 40 ± 17 | 54 ± 19 | <0.01 |
| LVEF, % | 40 ± 12 | 40 ± 11 | 0.95 | 45 ± 10 | 35 ± 11 | <0.01 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 79 (30) | 84 (41) | 0.01 | 33 (31) | 51 (52) | <0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 47 (18) | 65 (33) | <0.01 | 26 (25) | 39 (39) | 0.07 |
| Vasoactive medication | 86 (33) | 84 (43) | 0.05 | 45 (43) | 39 (39) | 0.39 |
| IABP | 35 (13) | 77 (38) | <0.01 | 44 (47) | 33 (33) | 0.25 |
| ECMO | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | 5 (5) | ||
| MCS | 36 (14) | 78 (38) | <0.01 | 44 (42) | 34 (34) | 0.32 |
| Variable . | Conservative group . | Intervention group . | P-value . | SMVR . | PMVR . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 266) . | (n = 205) . | (n = 106) . | (n = 99) . | |||
| Age, years | 75 ± 12 | 70 ± 10 | <0.01 | 68 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 0.03 |
| Female sex | 124 (47) | 79 (39) | 0.09 | 28 (26) | 51 (51) | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 ± 4 | 27 ± 5 | 0.98 | 27 ± 4 | 26 ± 5 | 0.33 |
| Hypertension | 197 (74) | 137 (67) | 0.10 | 67 (63) | 70 (71) | 0.30 |
| Diabetes | 97 (36) | 83 (40) | 0.39 | 36 (34) | 47 (47) | 0.06 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 122 (46) | 124 (60) | 0.02 | 59 (56) | 65 (66) | 0.16 |
| COPD | 17 (6) | 25 (12) | 0.03 | 9 (8) | 16 (16) | 0.13 |
| Prior stroke | 15 (6) | 18 (9) | 0.20 | 6 (6) | 12 (12) | 0.14 |
| CKD grade ≥2 | 82 (31) | 43 (24) | 0.03 | 13 (12) | 30 (30) | 0.01 |
| Multivessel CAD | 174 (65) | 158 (77) | 0.02 | 78 (74) | 80 (81) | 0.25 |
| Prior MI | 52 (20) | 70 (34) | <0.01 | 15 (14) | 55 (56) | <0.01 |
| Prior CABG | 19 (7) | 29 (12) | 0.01 | 1 (<1%) | 28 (27) | <0.01 |
| EuroSCORE II, % | 8 [3–16] | 10 [5–19] | <0.01 | 10 [5–16] | 10 [7–21] | 0.03 |
| STEMI presentation | 161 (61) | 116 (57) | 0.40 | 45 (42) | 71 (72) | <0.01 |
| Involved wall—anterior | 97 (37) | 58 (28) | 0.08 | 22 (21) | 35 (36) | 0.02 |
| PCI | 199 (75) | 131 (65) | 0.02 | 37 (35) | 94 (94) | <0.01 |
| Killip class ≥3 | 114 (43) | 123 (60) | <0.01 | 57 (54) | 66 (67) | 0.07 |
| MR grade 4+ | 124 (47) | 150 (73) | <0.01 | 70 (66) | 80 (81) | 0.02 |
| sPAP, mmHg | 40 ± 17 | 47 ± 19 | <0.01 | 40 ± 17 | 54 ± 19 | <0.01 |
| LVEF, % | 40 ± 12 | 40 ± 11 | 0.95 | 45 ± 10 | 35 ± 11 | <0.01 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 79 (30) | 84 (41) | 0.01 | 33 (31) | 51 (52) | <0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 47 (18) | 65 (33) | <0.01 | 26 (25) | 39 (39) | 0.07 |
| Vasoactive medication | 86 (33) | 84 (43) | 0.05 | 45 (43) | 39 (39) | 0.39 |
| IABP | 35 (13) | 77 (38) | <0.01 | 44 (47) | 33 (33) | 0.25 |
| ECMO | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | 5 (5) | ||
| MCS | 36 (14) | 78 (38) | <0.01 | 44 (42) | 34 (34) | 0.32 |
Values are given as mean ± standard deviation, n (%), or median [interquartile range].
BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EuroSCORE II, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MSD, mechanical circulatory support; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PMVR, percutaneous mitral valve repair; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; SMVR, surgical mitral valve repair or replacement; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Values in bold are statistically significant p-values.
Baseline patient characteristics in the Conservative and Intervention groups (SMVR and PMVR)
| Variable . | Conservative group . | Intervention group . | P-value . | SMVR . | PMVR . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 266) . | (n = 205) . | (n = 106) . | (n = 99) . | |||
| Age, years | 75 ± 12 | 70 ± 10 | <0.01 | 68 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 0.03 |
| Female sex | 124 (47) | 79 (39) | 0.09 | 28 (26) | 51 (51) | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 ± 4 | 27 ± 5 | 0.98 | 27 ± 4 | 26 ± 5 | 0.33 |
| Hypertension | 197 (74) | 137 (67) | 0.10 | 67 (63) | 70 (71) | 0.30 |
| Diabetes | 97 (36) | 83 (40) | 0.39 | 36 (34) | 47 (47) | 0.06 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 122 (46) | 124 (60) | 0.02 | 59 (56) | 65 (66) | 0.16 |
| COPD | 17 (6) | 25 (12) | 0.03 | 9 (8) | 16 (16) | 0.13 |
| Prior stroke | 15 (6) | 18 (9) | 0.20 | 6 (6) | 12 (12) | 0.14 |
| CKD grade ≥2 | 82 (31) | 43 (24) | 0.03 | 13 (12) | 30 (30) | 0.01 |
| Multivessel CAD | 174 (65) | 158 (77) | 0.02 | 78 (74) | 80 (81) | 0.25 |
| Prior MI | 52 (20) | 70 (34) | <0.01 | 15 (14) | 55 (56) | <0.01 |
| Prior CABG | 19 (7) | 29 (12) | 0.01 | 1 (<1%) | 28 (27) | <0.01 |
| EuroSCORE II, % | 8 [3–16] | 10 [5–19] | <0.01 | 10 [5–16] | 10 [7–21] | 0.03 |
| STEMI presentation | 161 (61) | 116 (57) | 0.40 | 45 (42) | 71 (72) | <0.01 |
| Involved wall—anterior | 97 (37) | 58 (28) | 0.08 | 22 (21) | 35 (36) | 0.02 |
| PCI | 199 (75) | 131 (65) | 0.02 | 37 (35) | 94 (94) | <0.01 |
| Killip class ≥3 | 114 (43) | 123 (60) | <0.01 | 57 (54) | 66 (67) | 0.07 |
| MR grade 4+ | 124 (47) | 150 (73) | <0.01 | 70 (66) | 80 (81) | 0.02 |
| sPAP, mmHg | 40 ± 17 | 47 ± 19 | <0.01 | 40 ± 17 | 54 ± 19 | <0.01 |
| LVEF, % | 40 ± 12 | 40 ± 11 | 0.95 | 45 ± 10 | 35 ± 11 | <0.01 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 79 (30) | 84 (41) | 0.01 | 33 (31) | 51 (52) | <0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 47 (18) | 65 (33) | <0.01 | 26 (25) | 39 (39) | 0.07 |
| Vasoactive medication | 86 (33) | 84 (43) | 0.05 | 45 (43) | 39 (39) | 0.39 |
| IABP | 35 (13) | 77 (38) | <0.01 | 44 (47) | 33 (33) | 0.25 |
| ECMO | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | 5 (5) | ||
| MCS | 36 (14) | 78 (38) | <0.01 | 44 (42) | 34 (34) | 0.32 |
| Variable . | Conservative group . | Intervention group . | P-value . | SMVR . | PMVR . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 266) . | (n = 205) . | (n = 106) . | (n = 99) . | |||
| Age, years | 75 ± 12 | 70 ± 10 | <0.01 | 68 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 0.03 |
| Female sex | 124 (47) | 79 (39) | 0.09 | 28 (26) | 51 (51) | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 ± 4 | 27 ± 5 | 0.98 | 27 ± 4 | 26 ± 5 | 0.33 |
| Hypertension | 197 (74) | 137 (67) | 0.10 | 67 (63) | 70 (71) | 0.30 |
| Diabetes | 97 (36) | 83 (40) | 0.39 | 36 (34) | 47 (47) | 0.06 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 122 (46) | 124 (60) | 0.02 | 59 (56) | 65 (66) | 0.16 |
| COPD | 17 (6) | 25 (12) | 0.03 | 9 (8) | 16 (16) | 0.13 |
| Prior stroke | 15 (6) | 18 (9) | 0.20 | 6 (6) | 12 (12) | 0.14 |
| CKD grade ≥2 | 82 (31) | 43 (24) | 0.03 | 13 (12) | 30 (30) | 0.01 |
| Multivessel CAD | 174 (65) | 158 (77) | 0.02 | 78 (74) | 80 (81) | 0.25 |
| Prior MI | 52 (20) | 70 (34) | <0.01 | 15 (14) | 55 (56) | <0.01 |
| Prior CABG | 19 (7) | 29 (12) | 0.01 | 1 (<1%) | 28 (27) | <0.01 |
| EuroSCORE II, % | 8 [3–16] | 10 [5–19] | <0.01 | 10 [5–16] | 10 [7–21] | 0.03 |
| STEMI presentation | 161 (61) | 116 (57) | 0.40 | 45 (42) | 71 (72) | <0.01 |
| Involved wall—anterior | 97 (37) | 58 (28) | 0.08 | 22 (21) | 35 (36) | 0.02 |
| PCI | 199 (75) | 131 (65) | 0.02 | 37 (35) | 94 (94) | <0.01 |
| Killip class ≥3 | 114 (43) | 123 (60) | <0.01 | 57 (54) | 66 (67) | 0.07 |
| MR grade 4+ | 124 (47) | 150 (73) | <0.01 | 70 (66) | 80 (81) | 0.02 |
| sPAP, mmHg | 40 ± 17 | 47 ± 19 | <0.01 | 40 ± 17 | 54 ± 19 | <0.01 |
| LVEF, % | 40 ± 12 | 40 ± 11 | 0.95 | 45 ± 10 | 35 ± 11 | <0.01 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 79 (30) | 84 (41) | 0.01 | 33 (31) | 51 (52) | <0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 47 (18) | 65 (33) | <0.01 | 26 (25) | 39 (39) | 0.07 |
| Vasoactive medication | 86 (33) | 84 (43) | 0.05 | 45 (43) | 39 (39) | 0.39 |
| IABP | 35 (13) | 77 (38) | <0.01 | 44 (47) | 33 (33) | 0.25 |
| ECMO | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | 5 (5) | ||
| MCS | 36 (14) | 78 (38) | <0.01 | 44 (42) | 34 (34) | 0.32 |
Values are given as mean ± standard deviation, n (%), or median [interquartile range].
BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EuroSCORE II, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MSD, mechanical circulatory support; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PMVR, percutaneous mitral valve repair; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; SMVR, surgical mitral valve repair or replacement; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Values in bold are statistically significant p-values.
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