Table 3
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Impact of baseline echocardiographic parameters on post-MitraClip severity of mitral regurgitation at 30 days

MR grade at 30 days
Grade 0 or 1+Grade 2+Grade 3+ or 4+P-value
Mitral valve geometrical measurements
 Intercommissural mitral valve annulus diameter (cm)3.56 ± 0.42 (188)3.53 ± 0.34 (49)3.66 ± 0.41 (18)0.50
 Anteroposterior mitral valve annulus diameter (cm)3.26 ± 0.40 (188)3.24 ± 0.30 (48)3.36 ± 0.34 (20)0.44
 Coaptation to septum distance (cm)4.07 ± 0.44 (182)4.01 ± 0.44 (47)4.08 ± 0.38 (20)0.68
 Tenting height (mm)9.8 ± 2.5 (186)10.2 ± 2.5 (48)9.5 ± 1.5 (20)0.48
 Tenting area (cm2)2.13 ± 0.71 (186)2.16 ± 0.69 (48)2.26 ± 0.59 (20)0.71
 Anterior mitral valve leaflet length (cm)2.26 ± 0.34 (174)2.25 ± 0.43 (47)2.37 ± 0.37 (19)0.47
 Posterior mitral valve leaflet length (cm)1.34 ± 0.25 (141)1.34 ± 0.23 (39)1.29 ± 0.17 (19)0.70
 Tethering location, n/N (%)0.05
  None5/149 (3.4)1/38 (2.6)0/17 (0.0)
  P118/149 (12.1)2/38 (5.3)2/17 (11.8)
  P1-P243/149 (28.9)10/38 (26.3)3/17 (17.6)
  P261/149 (40.9)16/38 (42.1)8/17 (47.1)
  P2-P318/149 (12.1)8/38 (21.1)1/17 (5.9)
  P34/149 (2.7)0/38 (0.0)3/17 (17.6)
  All0/149 (0.0)1/38 (2.6)0/17 (0.0)
 Posterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm; 4CH view)4.17 ± 0.61 (95)4.25 ± 0.58 (27)4.61 ± 0.50 (10)0.08
 Posterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm; 2CH view)4.07 ± 0.55 (83)3.88 ± 0.49 (24)3.91 ± 0.66 (12)0.24
 Anterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm)3.84 ± 0.69 (77)3.62 ± 0.50 (17)4.02 ± 0.72 (7)0.34
 Basal mitral anterior leaflet angle (°)31 ± 6 (81)33 ± 6 (22)28 ± 8 (9)0.13
 Distal mitral anterior leaflet angle (°)18 ± 6 (164)20 ± 6 (47)20 ± 7 (17)0.11
 Mitral posterior leaflet angle (°)37 ± 9 (161)41 ± 8 (45)41 ± 11 (14)0.04
Mitral valve regurgitation quantification
 Mitral regurgitation, n/N (%)0.0001
  (3+) Moderate to severe116/199 (58.3)19/54 (35.2)4/21 (19.0)
  (4+) Severe83/199 (41.7)35/54 (64.8)17/21 (81.0)
 Effective regurgitant orifice area (cm2)0.40 ± 0.16 (189)0.43 ± 0.13 (53)0.45 ± 0.15 (21)0.35
 Regurgitant volume (mL/beat)28.2 ± 14.7 (78)28.2 ± 23.2 (26)33.6 ± 19.3 (14)0.56
 Regurgitant fraction (%)37.2 ± 12.9 (77)38.5 ± 15.1 (26)40.9 ± 16.9 (14)0.65
Left ventricular measures
 LV end-systolic diameter (cm)5.3 ± 0.9 (199)5.3 ± 0.8 (53)5.2 ± 0.7 (21)0.89
 LV end-diastolic diameter (cm)6.2 ± 0.7 (199)6.2 ± 0.8 (53)6.3 ± 0.6 (21)0.84
 LV end-systolic volume (mL)133.2 ± 57.5 (188)139.5 ± 57.1 (50)148.8 ± 53.7 (19)0.46
 LV end-diastolic volume (mL)191.0 ± 69.4 (188)199.1 ± 70.6 (50)224.4 ± 67.7 (19)0.12
 Total stroke volume (mL)57.7 ± 20.5 (188)59.5 ± 24.2 (50)75.6 ± 27.0 (19)0.003
 LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2)69.1 ± 27.6 (188)76.0 ± 32.0 (48)78.1 ± 28.3 (19)0.18
 LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2)99.1 ± 32.5 (188)107.8 ± 38.7 (48)117.0 ± 32.1 (19)0.04
 LV ejection fraction (%)31.4 ± 8.9 (188)31.1 ± 9.6 (50)34.4 ± 9.2 (19)0.35
Right ventricular measures
 RV fractional area change (%)32.43 ± 8.24 (131)30.63 ± 8.87 (40)34.09 ± 8.06 (14)0.33
 RV systolic pressure (mmHg)42.2 ± 13.4 (162)47.0 ± 13.2 (49)47.9 ± 15.5 (18)0.04
 Tricuspid regurgitation, n/N (%)0.79
  (0) None4/197 (2.0)3/54 (5.6)1/20 (5.0)
  (1+) Mild168/197 (85.3)45/54 (83.3)16/20 (80.0)
  (2+) Moderate23/197 (11.7)6/54 (11.1)3/20 (15.0)
  (3+) Moderate to Severe2/197 (1.0)0/54 (0.0)0/20 (0.0)
  (4+) Severe0/197 (0)0/54 (0.0)0/20 (0.0)
MR grade at 30 days
Grade 0 or 1+Grade 2+Grade 3+ or 4+P-value
Mitral valve geometrical measurements
 Intercommissural mitral valve annulus diameter (cm)3.56 ± 0.42 (188)3.53 ± 0.34 (49)3.66 ± 0.41 (18)0.50
 Anteroposterior mitral valve annulus diameter (cm)3.26 ± 0.40 (188)3.24 ± 0.30 (48)3.36 ± 0.34 (20)0.44
 Coaptation to septum distance (cm)4.07 ± 0.44 (182)4.01 ± 0.44 (47)4.08 ± 0.38 (20)0.68
 Tenting height (mm)9.8 ± 2.5 (186)10.2 ± 2.5 (48)9.5 ± 1.5 (20)0.48
 Tenting area (cm2)2.13 ± 0.71 (186)2.16 ± 0.69 (48)2.26 ± 0.59 (20)0.71
 Anterior mitral valve leaflet length (cm)2.26 ± 0.34 (174)2.25 ± 0.43 (47)2.37 ± 0.37 (19)0.47
 Posterior mitral valve leaflet length (cm)1.34 ± 0.25 (141)1.34 ± 0.23 (39)1.29 ± 0.17 (19)0.70
 Tethering location, n/N (%)0.05
  None5/149 (3.4)1/38 (2.6)0/17 (0.0)
  P118/149 (12.1)2/38 (5.3)2/17 (11.8)
  P1-P243/149 (28.9)10/38 (26.3)3/17 (17.6)
  P261/149 (40.9)16/38 (42.1)8/17 (47.1)
  P2-P318/149 (12.1)8/38 (21.1)1/17 (5.9)
  P34/149 (2.7)0/38 (0.0)3/17 (17.6)
  All0/149 (0.0)1/38 (2.6)0/17 (0.0)
 Posterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm; 4CH view)4.17 ± 0.61 (95)4.25 ± 0.58 (27)4.61 ± 0.50 (10)0.08
 Posterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm; 2CH view)4.07 ± 0.55 (83)3.88 ± 0.49 (24)3.91 ± 0.66 (12)0.24
 Anterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm)3.84 ± 0.69 (77)3.62 ± 0.50 (17)4.02 ± 0.72 (7)0.34
 Basal mitral anterior leaflet angle (°)31 ± 6 (81)33 ± 6 (22)28 ± 8 (9)0.13
 Distal mitral anterior leaflet angle (°)18 ± 6 (164)20 ± 6 (47)20 ± 7 (17)0.11
 Mitral posterior leaflet angle (°)37 ± 9 (161)41 ± 8 (45)41 ± 11 (14)0.04
Mitral valve regurgitation quantification
 Mitral regurgitation, n/N (%)0.0001
  (3+) Moderate to severe116/199 (58.3)19/54 (35.2)4/21 (19.0)
  (4+) Severe83/199 (41.7)35/54 (64.8)17/21 (81.0)
 Effective regurgitant orifice area (cm2)0.40 ± 0.16 (189)0.43 ± 0.13 (53)0.45 ± 0.15 (21)0.35
 Regurgitant volume (mL/beat)28.2 ± 14.7 (78)28.2 ± 23.2 (26)33.6 ± 19.3 (14)0.56
 Regurgitant fraction (%)37.2 ± 12.9 (77)38.5 ± 15.1 (26)40.9 ± 16.9 (14)0.65
Left ventricular measures
 LV end-systolic diameter (cm)5.3 ± 0.9 (199)5.3 ± 0.8 (53)5.2 ± 0.7 (21)0.89
 LV end-diastolic diameter (cm)6.2 ± 0.7 (199)6.2 ± 0.8 (53)6.3 ± 0.6 (21)0.84
 LV end-systolic volume (mL)133.2 ± 57.5 (188)139.5 ± 57.1 (50)148.8 ± 53.7 (19)0.46
 LV end-diastolic volume (mL)191.0 ± 69.4 (188)199.1 ± 70.6 (50)224.4 ± 67.7 (19)0.12
 Total stroke volume (mL)57.7 ± 20.5 (188)59.5 ± 24.2 (50)75.6 ± 27.0 (19)0.003
 LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2)69.1 ± 27.6 (188)76.0 ± 32.0 (48)78.1 ± 28.3 (19)0.18
 LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2)99.1 ± 32.5 (188)107.8 ± 38.7 (48)117.0 ± 32.1 (19)0.04
 LV ejection fraction (%)31.4 ± 8.9 (188)31.1 ± 9.6 (50)34.4 ± 9.2 (19)0.35
Right ventricular measures
 RV fractional area change (%)32.43 ± 8.24 (131)30.63 ± 8.87 (40)34.09 ± 8.06 (14)0.33
 RV systolic pressure (mmHg)42.2 ± 13.4 (162)47.0 ± 13.2 (49)47.9 ± 15.5 (18)0.04
 Tricuspid regurgitation, n/N (%)0.79
  (0) None4/197 (2.0)3/54 (5.6)1/20 (5.0)
  (1+) Mild168/197 (85.3)45/54 (83.3)16/20 (80.0)
  (2+) Moderate23/197 (11.7)6/54 (11.1)3/20 (15.0)
  (3+) Moderate to Severe2/197 (1.0)0/54 (0.0)0/20 (0.0)
  (4+) Severe0/197 (0)0/54 (0.0)0/20 (0.0)

Data are presented as mean ± SD (n) or n/N (%). Bold values are statistically significant.

CH, chamber; LV, left ventricular; MV, mitral valve; PM, papillary muscle; RV, right ventricular.

Table 3
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Impact of baseline echocardiographic parameters on post-MitraClip severity of mitral regurgitation at 30 days

MR grade at 30 days
Grade 0 or 1+Grade 2+Grade 3+ or 4+P-value
Mitral valve geometrical measurements
 Intercommissural mitral valve annulus diameter (cm)3.56 ± 0.42 (188)3.53 ± 0.34 (49)3.66 ± 0.41 (18)0.50
 Anteroposterior mitral valve annulus diameter (cm)3.26 ± 0.40 (188)3.24 ± 0.30 (48)3.36 ± 0.34 (20)0.44
 Coaptation to septum distance (cm)4.07 ± 0.44 (182)4.01 ± 0.44 (47)4.08 ± 0.38 (20)0.68
 Tenting height (mm)9.8 ± 2.5 (186)10.2 ± 2.5 (48)9.5 ± 1.5 (20)0.48
 Tenting area (cm2)2.13 ± 0.71 (186)2.16 ± 0.69 (48)2.26 ± 0.59 (20)0.71
 Anterior mitral valve leaflet length (cm)2.26 ± 0.34 (174)2.25 ± 0.43 (47)2.37 ± 0.37 (19)0.47
 Posterior mitral valve leaflet length (cm)1.34 ± 0.25 (141)1.34 ± 0.23 (39)1.29 ± 0.17 (19)0.70
 Tethering location, n/N (%)0.05
  None5/149 (3.4)1/38 (2.6)0/17 (0.0)
  P118/149 (12.1)2/38 (5.3)2/17 (11.8)
  P1-P243/149 (28.9)10/38 (26.3)3/17 (17.6)
  P261/149 (40.9)16/38 (42.1)8/17 (47.1)
  P2-P318/149 (12.1)8/38 (21.1)1/17 (5.9)
  P34/149 (2.7)0/38 (0.0)3/17 (17.6)
  All0/149 (0.0)1/38 (2.6)0/17 (0.0)
 Posterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm; 4CH view)4.17 ± 0.61 (95)4.25 ± 0.58 (27)4.61 ± 0.50 (10)0.08
 Posterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm; 2CH view)4.07 ± 0.55 (83)3.88 ± 0.49 (24)3.91 ± 0.66 (12)0.24
 Anterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm)3.84 ± 0.69 (77)3.62 ± 0.50 (17)4.02 ± 0.72 (7)0.34
 Basal mitral anterior leaflet angle (°)31 ± 6 (81)33 ± 6 (22)28 ± 8 (9)0.13
 Distal mitral anterior leaflet angle (°)18 ± 6 (164)20 ± 6 (47)20 ± 7 (17)0.11
 Mitral posterior leaflet angle (°)37 ± 9 (161)41 ± 8 (45)41 ± 11 (14)0.04
Mitral valve regurgitation quantification
 Mitral regurgitation, n/N (%)0.0001
  (3+) Moderate to severe116/199 (58.3)19/54 (35.2)4/21 (19.0)
  (4+) Severe83/199 (41.7)35/54 (64.8)17/21 (81.0)
 Effective regurgitant orifice area (cm2)0.40 ± 0.16 (189)0.43 ± 0.13 (53)0.45 ± 0.15 (21)0.35
 Regurgitant volume (mL/beat)28.2 ± 14.7 (78)28.2 ± 23.2 (26)33.6 ± 19.3 (14)0.56
 Regurgitant fraction (%)37.2 ± 12.9 (77)38.5 ± 15.1 (26)40.9 ± 16.9 (14)0.65
Left ventricular measures
 LV end-systolic diameter (cm)5.3 ± 0.9 (199)5.3 ± 0.8 (53)5.2 ± 0.7 (21)0.89
 LV end-diastolic diameter (cm)6.2 ± 0.7 (199)6.2 ± 0.8 (53)6.3 ± 0.6 (21)0.84
 LV end-systolic volume (mL)133.2 ± 57.5 (188)139.5 ± 57.1 (50)148.8 ± 53.7 (19)0.46
 LV end-diastolic volume (mL)191.0 ± 69.4 (188)199.1 ± 70.6 (50)224.4 ± 67.7 (19)0.12
 Total stroke volume (mL)57.7 ± 20.5 (188)59.5 ± 24.2 (50)75.6 ± 27.0 (19)0.003
 LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2)69.1 ± 27.6 (188)76.0 ± 32.0 (48)78.1 ± 28.3 (19)0.18
 LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2)99.1 ± 32.5 (188)107.8 ± 38.7 (48)117.0 ± 32.1 (19)0.04
 LV ejection fraction (%)31.4 ± 8.9 (188)31.1 ± 9.6 (50)34.4 ± 9.2 (19)0.35
Right ventricular measures
 RV fractional area change (%)32.43 ± 8.24 (131)30.63 ± 8.87 (40)34.09 ± 8.06 (14)0.33
 RV systolic pressure (mmHg)42.2 ± 13.4 (162)47.0 ± 13.2 (49)47.9 ± 15.5 (18)0.04
 Tricuspid regurgitation, n/N (%)0.79
  (0) None4/197 (2.0)3/54 (5.6)1/20 (5.0)
  (1+) Mild168/197 (85.3)45/54 (83.3)16/20 (80.0)
  (2+) Moderate23/197 (11.7)6/54 (11.1)3/20 (15.0)
  (3+) Moderate to Severe2/197 (1.0)0/54 (0.0)0/20 (0.0)
  (4+) Severe0/197 (0)0/54 (0.0)0/20 (0.0)
MR grade at 30 days
Grade 0 or 1+Grade 2+Grade 3+ or 4+P-value
Mitral valve geometrical measurements
 Intercommissural mitral valve annulus diameter (cm)3.56 ± 0.42 (188)3.53 ± 0.34 (49)3.66 ± 0.41 (18)0.50
 Anteroposterior mitral valve annulus diameter (cm)3.26 ± 0.40 (188)3.24 ± 0.30 (48)3.36 ± 0.34 (20)0.44
 Coaptation to septum distance (cm)4.07 ± 0.44 (182)4.01 ± 0.44 (47)4.08 ± 0.38 (20)0.68
 Tenting height (mm)9.8 ± 2.5 (186)10.2 ± 2.5 (48)9.5 ± 1.5 (20)0.48
 Tenting area (cm2)2.13 ± 0.71 (186)2.16 ± 0.69 (48)2.26 ± 0.59 (20)0.71
 Anterior mitral valve leaflet length (cm)2.26 ± 0.34 (174)2.25 ± 0.43 (47)2.37 ± 0.37 (19)0.47
 Posterior mitral valve leaflet length (cm)1.34 ± 0.25 (141)1.34 ± 0.23 (39)1.29 ± 0.17 (19)0.70
 Tethering location, n/N (%)0.05
  None5/149 (3.4)1/38 (2.6)0/17 (0.0)
  P118/149 (12.1)2/38 (5.3)2/17 (11.8)
  P1-P243/149 (28.9)10/38 (26.3)3/17 (17.6)
  P261/149 (40.9)16/38 (42.1)8/17 (47.1)
  P2-P318/149 (12.1)8/38 (21.1)1/17 (5.9)
  P34/149 (2.7)0/38 (0.0)3/17 (17.6)
  All0/149 (0.0)1/38 (2.6)0/17 (0.0)
 Posterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm; 4CH view)4.17 ± 0.61 (95)4.25 ± 0.58 (27)4.61 ± 0.50 (10)0.08
 Posterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm; 2CH view)4.07 ± 0.55 (83)3.88 ± 0.49 (24)3.91 ± 0.66 (12)0.24
 Anterior papillary muscle to annulus distance (cm)3.84 ± 0.69 (77)3.62 ± 0.50 (17)4.02 ± 0.72 (7)0.34
 Basal mitral anterior leaflet angle (°)31 ± 6 (81)33 ± 6 (22)28 ± 8 (9)0.13
 Distal mitral anterior leaflet angle (°)18 ± 6 (164)20 ± 6 (47)20 ± 7 (17)0.11
 Mitral posterior leaflet angle (°)37 ± 9 (161)41 ± 8 (45)41 ± 11 (14)0.04
Mitral valve regurgitation quantification
 Mitral regurgitation, n/N (%)0.0001
  (3+) Moderate to severe116/199 (58.3)19/54 (35.2)4/21 (19.0)
  (4+) Severe83/199 (41.7)35/54 (64.8)17/21 (81.0)
 Effective regurgitant orifice area (cm2)0.40 ± 0.16 (189)0.43 ± 0.13 (53)0.45 ± 0.15 (21)0.35
 Regurgitant volume (mL/beat)28.2 ± 14.7 (78)28.2 ± 23.2 (26)33.6 ± 19.3 (14)0.56
 Regurgitant fraction (%)37.2 ± 12.9 (77)38.5 ± 15.1 (26)40.9 ± 16.9 (14)0.65
Left ventricular measures
 LV end-systolic diameter (cm)5.3 ± 0.9 (199)5.3 ± 0.8 (53)5.2 ± 0.7 (21)0.89
 LV end-diastolic diameter (cm)6.2 ± 0.7 (199)6.2 ± 0.8 (53)6.3 ± 0.6 (21)0.84
 LV end-systolic volume (mL)133.2 ± 57.5 (188)139.5 ± 57.1 (50)148.8 ± 53.7 (19)0.46
 LV end-diastolic volume (mL)191.0 ± 69.4 (188)199.1 ± 70.6 (50)224.4 ± 67.7 (19)0.12
 Total stroke volume (mL)57.7 ± 20.5 (188)59.5 ± 24.2 (50)75.6 ± 27.0 (19)0.003
 LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2)69.1 ± 27.6 (188)76.0 ± 32.0 (48)78.1 ± 28.3 (19)0.18
 LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2)99.1 ± 32.5 (188)107.8 ± 38.7 (48)117.0 ± 32.1 (19)0.04
 LV ejection fraction (%)31.4 ± 8.9 (188)31.1 ± 9.6 (50)34.4 ± 9.2 (19)0.35
Right ventricular measures
 RV fractional area change (%)32.43 ± 8.24 (131)30.63 ± 8.87 (40)34.09 ± 8.06 (14)0.33
 RV systolic pressure (mmHg)42.2 ± 13.4 (162)47.0 ± 13.2 (49)47.9 ± 15.5 (18)0.04
 Tricuspid regurgitation, n/N (%)0.79
  (0) None4/197 (2.0)3/54 (5.6)1/20 (5.0)
  (1+) Mild168/197 (85.3)45/54 (83.3)16/20 (80.0)
  (2+) Moderate23/197 (11.7)6/54 (11.1)3/20 (15.0)
  (3+) Moderate to Severe2/197 (1.0)0/54 (0.0)0/20 (0.0)
  (4+) Severe0/197 (0)0/54 (0.0)0/20 (0.0)

Data are presented as mean ± SD (n) or n/N (%). Bold values are statistically significant.

CH, chamber; LV, left ventricular; MV, mitral valve; PM, papillary muscle; RV, right ventricular.

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