Table 3. Open in new tab Factors...

	Initiation of RAL-based ART as a salvage regimen	Initiation of RAL-based ART as a switching strategy
Age (years)	1.00 (0.96–1.04)	0.935	—	—	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.609	—	—
Male gender	0.76 (0.28–2.08)	0.607	—	—	0.33 (0.10–1.00)	0.051	—	—
HCV/HBV coinfection	0.78 (0.34–1.77)	0.554	—	—	0.92 (0.35–2.39)	0.872	—	—
Intravenous drug use	1.15 (0.49–2.70)	0.738	—	—	0.84 (0.30–2.29)	0.737	—	—
Stage C of CDC	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	0.893	—	—	0.83 (0.29–2.35)	0.728	—	—
Time on RAL treatment (years)^b	0.90 (0.55–1.47)	0.699	—	—	0.90 (0.51–1.59)	0.739	—	—
CD4+ cell count nadir (cells/mm³)	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.696	—	—	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.330	—	—
CD4+ at baseline (cells/mm³)^c	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.030	—	—	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.226	—	—
Zenith of HIV-1 RNA (log)	1.50 (0.81–2.79)	0.191	—	—	1.25 (0.75–2.08)	0.378	—	—
HIV-1 RNA at baseline (log)	1.98 (1.36–2.90)	<0.001	2.36 (1.36–4.08)	0.002	1.48 (0.95–2.32)	0.082	—	—
CCR5 viral tropism (n = 67)	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	0.893	—	—	0.49 (0.16–1.52)	0.221	—	—
Time since HIV diagnosis (years)^b	1.03 (0.96–1.11)	0.343	—	—	0.99 (0.93–1.06)	0.963	—	—
Adherence <90%	17.30 (3.76–79.50)	<0.001	13.06 (2.51–67.77)	0.002	3.91 (1.24–12.29)	0.020	8.05 (3.38–19.18)	<0.001

Initiation of RAL-based ART as a salvage regimen

Initiation of RAL-based ART as a switching strategy

univariate analysis OR (95% CI)

P value^a

multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)

P value

univariate analysis OR (95% CI)

P value^a

multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)

P value

Age (years)

1.00 (0.96–1.04)

0.935

—

0.98 (0.93–1.04)

0.609

—

Male gender

0.76 (0.28–2.08)

0.607

—

0.33 (0.10–1.00)

0.051

—

HCV/HBV coinfection

0.78 (0.34–1.77)

0.554

—

0.92 (0.35–2.39)

0.872

—

Intravenous drug use

1.15 (0.49–2.70)

0.738

—

0.84 (0.30–2.29)

0.737

—

Stage C of CDC

1.05 (0.46–2.41)

0.893

—

0.83 (0.29–2.35)

0.728

—

Time on RAL treatment (years)^b

0.90 (0.55–1.47)

0.699

—

0.90 (0.51–1.59)

0.739

—

CD4+ cell count nadir (cells/mm³)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.696

—

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.330

—

CD4+ at baseline (cells/mm³)^c

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.030

—

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.226

—

Zenith of HIV-1 RNA (log)

1.50 (0.81–2.79)

0.191

—

1.25 (0.75–2.08)

0.378

—

HIV-1 RNA at baseline (log)

1.98 (1.36–2.90)

<0.001

2.36 (1.36–4.08)

0.002

1.48 (0.95–2.32)

0.082

—

CCR5 viral tropism (n = 67)

1.05 (0.46–2.41)

0.893

—

0.49 (0.16–1.52)

0.221

—

Time since HIV diagnosis (years)^b

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

0.343

—

0.99 (0.93–1.06)

0.963

—

Adherence <90%

17.30 (3.76–79.50)

<0.001

13.06 (2.51–67.77)

0.002

3.91 (1.24–12.29)

0.020

8.05 (3.38–19.18)

<0.001

	Initiation of RAL-based ART as a salvage regimen	Initiation of RAL-based ART as a switching strategy
Age (years)	1.00 (0.96–1.04)	0.935	—	—	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.609	—	—
Male gender	0.76 (0.28–2.08)	0.607	—	—	0.33 (0.10–1.00)	0.051	—	—
HCV/HBV coinfection	0.78 (0.34–1.77)	0.554	—	—	0.92 (0.35–2.39)	0.872	—	—
Intravenous drug use	1.15 (0.49–2.70)	0.738	—	—	0.84 (0.30–2.29)	0.737	—	—
Stage C of CDC	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	0.893	—	—	0.83 (0.29–2.35)	0.728	—	—
Time on RAL treatment (years)^b	0.90 (0.55–1.47)	0.699	—	—	0.90 (0.51–1.59)	0.739	—	—
CD4+ cell count nadir (cells/mm³)	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.696	—	—	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.330	—	—
CD4+ at baseline (cells/mm³)^c	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.030	—	—	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.226	—	—
Zenith of HIV-1 RNA (log)	1.50 (0.81–2.79)	0.191	—	—	1.25 (0.75–2.08)	0.378	—	—
HIV-1 RNA at baseline (log)	1.98 (1.36–2.90)	<0.001	2.36 (1.36–4.08)	0.002	1.48 (0.95–2.32)	0.082	—	—
CCR5 viral tropism (n = 67)	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	0.893	—	—	0.49 (0.16–1.52)	0.221	—	—
Time since HIV diagnosis (years)^b	1.03 (0.96–1.11)	0.343	—	—	0.99 (0.93–1.06)	0.963	—	—
Adherence <90%	17.30 (3.76–79.50)	<0.001	13.06 (2.51–67.77)	0.002	3.91 (1.24–12.29)	0.020	8.05 (3.38–19.18)	<0.001

Table 3.

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Factors associated with virological failure of the salvage ART initiated following raltegravir failure

	Initiation of RAL-based ART as a salvage regimen				Initiation of RAL-based ART as a switching strategy
	univariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value^a	multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value	univariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value^a	multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.00 (0.96–1.04)	0.935	—	—	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.609	—	—
Male gender	0.76 (0.28–2.08)	0.607	—	—	0.33 (0.10–1.00)	0.051	—	—
HCV/HBV coinfection	0.78 (0.34–1.77)	0.554	—	—	0.92 (0.35–2.39)	0.872	—	—
Intravenous drug use	1.15 (0.49–2.70)	0.738	—	—	0.84 (0.30–2.29)	0.737	—	—
Stage C of CDC	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	0.893	—	—	0.83 (0.29–2.35)	0.728	—	—
Time on RAL treatment (years)^b	0.90 (0.55–1.47)	0.699	—	—	0.90 (0.51–1.59)	0.739	—	—
CD4+ cell count nadir (cells/mm³)	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.696	—	—	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.330	—	—
CD4+ at baseline (cells/mm³)^c	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.030	—	—	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.226	—	—
Zenith of HIV-1 RNA (log)	1.50 (0.81–2.79)	0.191	—	—	1.25 (0.75–2.08)	0.378	—	—
HIV-1 RNA at baseline (log)	1.98 (1.36–2.90)	<0.001	2.36 (1.36–4.08)	0.002	1.48 (0.95–2.32)	0.082	—	—
CCR5 viral tropism (n = 67)	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	0.893	—	—	0.49 (0.16–1.52)	0.221	—	—
Time since HIV diagnosis (years)^b	1.03 (0.96–1.11)	0.343	—	—	0.99 (0.93–1.06)	0.963	—	—
Adherence <90%	17.30 (3.76–79.50)	<0.001	13.06 (2.51–67.77)	0.002	3.91 (1.24–12.29)	0.020	8.05 (3.38–19.18)	<0.001

	Initiation of RAL-based ART as a salvage regimen				Initiation of RAL-based ART as a switching strategy
	univariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value^a	multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value	univariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value^a	multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.00 (0.96–1.04)	0.935	—	—	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.609	—	—
Male gender	0.76 (0.28–2.08)	0.607	—	—	0.33 (0.10–1.00)	0.051	—	—
HCV/HBV coinfection	0.78 (0.34–1.77)	0.554	—	—	0.92 (0.35–2.39)	0.872	—	—
Intravenous drug use	1.15 (0.49–2.70)	0.738	—	—	0.84 (0.30–2.29)	0.737	—	—
Stage C of CDC	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	0.893	—	—	0.83 (0.29–2.35)	0.728	—	—
Time on RAL treatment (years)^b	0.90 (0.55–1.47)	0.699	—	—	0.90 (0.51–1.59)	0.739	—	—
CD4+ cell count nadir (cells/mm³)	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.696	—	—	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.330	—	—
CD4+ at baseline (cells/mm³)^c	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.030	—	—	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.226	—	—
Zenith of HIV-1 RNA (log)	1.50 (0.81–2.79)	0.191	—	—	1.25 (0.75–2.08)	0.378	—	—
HIV-1 RNA at baseline (log)	1.98 (1.36–2.90)	<0.001	2.36 (1.36–4.08)	0.002	1.48 (0.95–2.32)	0.082	—	—
CCR5 viral tropism (n = 67)	1.05 (0.46–2.41)	0.893	—	—	0.49 (0.16–1.52)	0.221	—	—
Time since HIV diagnosis (years)^b	1.03 (0.96–1.11)	0.343	—	—	0.99 (0.93–1.06)	0.963	—	—
Adherence <90%	17.30 (3.76–79.50)	<0.001	13.06 (2.51–67.77)	0.002	3.91 (1.24–12.29)	0.020	8.05 (3.38–19.18)	<0.001

RAL, raltegravir; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus.

^aAll analyses are ITT. The full multivariate model included age, gender, intravenous drug use as mode of HIV transmission, hepatitis C virus/hepatitis B virus coinfection, CDC stage before baseline, CD4+ cell count at baseline, increase in CD4+ cell count, CD4+ cell count nadir, viral load at baseline, zenith viral load, decrease in viral load, time since HIV diagnosis, time on treatment with raltegravir, adherence, viral tropism and reasons for raltegravir-based treatment initiation (virological failure versus switching strategy).

^bRisk per year.

^cRisk per each 100 cells/mm³.

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