| Element . | Inclusion Criteriaa . |
|---|---|
| Participants | Studies focused on individuals (humans) of any age with a laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection and people in contact with them, including healthcare workers. |
| Exposure | Interpersonal contact with a person with laboratory-confirmed hantavirus infection within the incubation period from exposure to illness onset. Studies that only focus on human contact with infected rodents were excluded. |
| Comparisons | No exposure to a human with a laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection; low level of exposure; exposure only to infected rodents; or no comparison. |
| Outcomes | Transmission of hantavirus from 1 human to another. Studies were included if they had at least 1 of the following transmission outcomes measured in human contacts: • Genetic sequence analysis of the hantavirus RNA between human index and contact cases, showing homology OR • Laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection, including 1 of virology, serology, or immunohistochemistry OR • Signs and symptoms consistent with the clinical case definition of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (as defined by the country in which the study was conducted). |
| Study type | The evidence was prioritized by strength of study design as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) nonrandomized comparative studies (controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies); (3) noncomparative studies (eg, an epidemiological investigation of hantavirus clusters, case series, seroepidemiological studies of exposed populations only). Single case reports, modeling studies, animal-only studies, and environmental studies (ie, with no measurement of humans) were excluded. Literature reviews on the topic were also excluded but the reference list was checked for possible studies. |
| Element . | Inclusion Criteriaa . |
|---|---|
| Participants | Studies focused on individuals (humans) of any age with a laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection and people in contact with them, including healthcare workers. |
| Exposure | Interpersonal contact with a person with laboratory-confirmed hantavirus infection within the incubation period from exposure to illness onset. Studies that only focus on human contact with infected rodents were excluded. |
| Comparisons | No exposure to a human with a laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection; low level of exposure; exposure only to infected rodents; or no comparison. |
| Outcomes | Transmission of hantavirus from 1 human to another. Studies were included if they had at least 1 of the following transmission outcomes measured in human contacts: • Genetic sequence analysis of the hantavirus RNA between human index and contact cases, showing homology OR • Laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection, including 1 of virology, serology, or immunohistochemistry OR • Signs and symptoms consistent with the clinical case definition of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (as defined by the country in which the study was conducted). |
| Study type | The evidence was prioritized by strength of study design as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) nonrandomized comparative studies (controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies); (3) noncomparative studies (eg, an epidemiological investigation of hantavirus clusters, case series, seroepidemiological studies of exposed populations only). Single case reports, modeling studies, animal-only studies, and environmental studies (ie, with no measurement of humans) were excluded. Literature reviews on the topic were also excluded but the reference list was checked for possible studies. |
aOther criteria: Both published and unpublished (gray literature) studies in any language were included, with no date of publication limitations.
| Element . | Inclusion Criteriaa . |
|---|---|
| Participants | Studies focused on individuals (humans) of any age with a laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection and people in contact with them, including healthcare workers. |
| Exposure | Interpersonal contact with a person with laboratory-confirmed hantavirus infection within the incubation period from exposure to illness onset. Studies that only focus on human contact with infected rodents were excluded. |
| Comparisons | No exposure to a human with a laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection; low level of exposure; exposure only to infected rodents; or no comparison. |
| Outcomes | Transmission of hantavirus from 1 human to another. Studies were included if they had at least 1 of the following transmission outcomes measured in human contacts: • Genetic sequence analysis of the hantavirus RNA between human index and contact cases, showing homology OR • Laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection, including 1 of virology, serology, or immunohistochemistry OR • Signs and symptoms consistent with the clinical case definition of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (as defined by the country in which the study was conducted). |
| Study type | The evidence was prioritized by strength of study design as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) nonrandomized comparative studies (controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies); (3) noncomparative studies (eg, an epidemiological investigation of hantavirus clusters, case series, seroepidemiological studies of exposed populations only). Single case reports, modeling studies, animal-only studies, and environmental studies (ie, with no measurement of humans) were excluded. Literature reviews on the topic were also excluded but the reference list was checked for possible studies. |
| Element . | Inclusion Criteriaa . |
|---|---|
| Participants | Studies focused on individuals (humans) of any age with a laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection and people in contact with them, including healthcare workers. |
| Exposure | Interpersonal contact with a person with laboratory-confirmed hantavirus infection within the incubation period from exposure to illness onset. Studies that only focus on human contact with infected rodents were excluded. |
| Comparisons | No exposure to a human with a laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection; low level of exposure; exposure only to infected rodents; or no comparison. |
| Outcomes | Transmission of hantavirus from 1 human to another. Studies were included if they had at least 1 of the following transmission outcomes measured in human contacts: • Genetic sequence analysis of the hantavirus RNA between human index and contact cases, showing homology OR • Laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection, including 1 of virology, serology, or immunohistochemistry OR • Signs and symptoms consistent with the clinical case definition of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (as defined by the country in which the study was conducted). |
| Study type | The evidence was prioritized by strength of study design as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) nonrandomized comparative studies (controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies); (3) noncomparative studies (eg, an epidemiological investigation of hantavirus clusters, case series, seroepidemiological studies of exposed populations only). Single case reports, modeling studies, animal-only studies, and environmental studies (ie, with no measurement of humans) were excluded. Literature reviews on the topic were also excluded but the reference list was checked for possible studies. |
aOther criteria: Both published and unpublished (gray literature) studies in any language were included, with no date of publication limitations.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
