Diagnostic Accuracy of Isolated Symptoms in Children Who Presented With 1 Symptom
| Symptom . | Overall (n = 82) . | Negative (n = 58) . | Positive (n = 24) . | Sensitivity . | Specificity . | PPV . | NPV . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0.33 (.14–.52) | 0.90 (.82–.97) | 0.57 (.31–.83) | 0.76 (.66–.87) |
| Chills | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Congestion/rhinorrhea | 22 | 20 | 2 | 0.08 (.00–.19) | 0.66 (.53–.78) | 0.09 (.00–.21) | 0.63 (.51–.76) |
| Cough | 19 | 13 | 6 | 0.25 (.08–.42) | 0.78 (.67–.88) | 0.32 (.11–.53) | 0.71 (.60–.83) |
| Headache | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0.08 (.00–.19) | 0.93 (.87–1.00) | 0.33 (.00–.71) | 0.71 (.61–.81) |
| Sore throat | 11 | 6 | 5 | 0.21 (.05–.37) | 0.90 (.82–.97) | 0.45 (.16–.75) | 0.73 (.63–.84) |
| Fatigue | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arthralgias | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Myalgias | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Photophobia | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Vomiting | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–0.80) |
| Nausea | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Diarrhea | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–.80) |
| Abdominal pain | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–.80) |
| Loss of sense of taste or smell | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 (.00–.12) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.72 (.62–.81) |
| Shortness of breath | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Symptom . | Overall (n = 82) . | Negative (n = 58) . | Positive (n = 24) . | Sensitivity . | Specificity . | PPV . | NPV . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0.33 (.14–.52) | 0.90 (.82–.97) | 0.57 (.31–.83) | 0.76 (.66–.87) |
| Chills | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Congestion/rhinorrhea | 22 | 20 | 2 | 0.08 (.00–.19) | 0.66 (.53–.78) | 0.09 (.00–.21) | 0.63 (.51–.76) |
| Cough | 19 | 13 | 6 | 0.25 (.08–.42) | 0.78 (.67–.88) | 0.32 (.11–.53) | 0.71 (.60–.83) |
| Headache | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0.08 (.00–.19) | 0.93 (.87–1.00) | 0.33 (.00–.71) | 0.71 (.61–.81) |
| Sore throat | 11 | 6 | 5 | 0.21 (.05–.37) | 0.90 (.82–.97) | 0.45 (.16–.75) | 0.73 (.63–.84) |
| Fatigue | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arthralgias | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Myalgias | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Photophobia | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Vomiting | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–0.80) |
| Nausea | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Diarrhea | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–.80) |
| Abdominal pain | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–.80) |
| Loss of sense of taste or smell | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 (.00–.12) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.72 (.62–.81) |
| Shortness of breath | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Data in parentheses are presented as 95% confidence intervals.
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Isolated Symptoms in Children Who Presented With 1 Symptom
| Symptom . | Overall (n = 82) . | Negative (n = 58) . | Positive (n = 24) . | Sensitivity . | Specificity . | PPV . | NPV . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0.33 (.14–.52) | 0.90 (.82–.97) | 0.57 (.31–.83) | 0.76 (.66–.87) |
| Chills | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Congestion/rhinorrhea | 22 | 20 | 2 | 0.08 (.00–.19) | 0.66 (.53–.78) | 0.09 (.00–.21) | 0.63 (.51–.76) |
| Cough | 19 | 13 | 6 | 0.25 (.08–.42) | 0.78 (.67–.88) | 0.32 (.11–.53) | 0.71 (.60–.83) |
| Headache | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0.08 (.00–.19) | 0.93 (.87–1.00) | 0.33 (.00–.71) | 0.71 (.61–.81) |
| Sore throat | 11 | 6 | 5 | 0.21 (.05–.37) | 0.90 (.82–.97) | 0.45 (.16–.75) | 0.73 (.63–.84) |
| Fatigue | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arthralgias | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Myalgias | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Photophobia | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Vomiting | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–0.80) |
| Nausea | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Diarrhea | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–.80) |
| Abdominal pain | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–.80) |
| Loss of sense of taste or smell | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 (.00–.12) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.72 (.62–.81) |
| Shortness of breath | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Symptom . | Overall (n = 82) . | Negative (n = 58) . | Positive (n = 24) . | Sensitivity . | Specificity . | PPV . | NPV . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0.33 (.14–.52) | 0.90 (.82–.97) | 0.57 (.31–.83) | 0.76 (.66–.87) |
| Chills | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Congestion/rhinorrhea | 22 | 20 | 2 | 0.08 (.00–.19) | 0.66 (.53–.78) | 0.09 (.00–.21) | 0.63 (.51–.76) |
| Cough | 19 | 13 | 6 | 0.25 (.08–.42) | 0.78 (.67–.88) | 0.32 (.11–.53) | 0.71 (.60–.83) |
| Headache | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0.08 (.00–.19) | 0.93 (.87–1.00) | 0.33 (.00–.71) | 0.71 (.61–.81) |
| Sore throat | 11 | 6 | 5 | 0.21 (.05–.37) | 0.90 (.82–.97) | 0.45 (.16–.75) | 0.73 (.63–.84) |
| Fatigue | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arthralgias | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Myalgias | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Photophobia | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Vomiting | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–0.80) |
| Nausea | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Diarrhea | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–.80) |
| Abdominal pain | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.95 (.89–1.00) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | 0.70 (.60–.80) |
| Loss of sense of taste or smell | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 (.00–.12) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.72 (.62–.81) |
| Shortness of breath | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Data in parentheses are presented as 95% confidence intervals.
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.
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