Table 4. Open in new tab Additional...

Regressions with continuous ESS scores, additionally adjusted for:	Total brain volume, % ICV	Cortical gray matter volume, % ICV	Covert brain infarcts, (presence/absence)
AHI	0.361 (0.140)	.010	0.273 (0.124)	.029	0.656 (0.398–1.082)	.099
Insomnia severity	0.327 (0.140)	.020	0.239 (0.121)	.050	0.574 (0.353–0.934)	.025
Habitual sleep duration	0.306 (0.139)	.028	0.213 (0.120)	.076	0.536 (0.330–0.871)	.012
Coffee intake	0.106 (0.071)	.134	0.070 (0.062)	.263	0.955 (0.776–1.175)	.665
Nap frequency	0.330 (0.154)	.033	0.345 (0.134)	.010	0.555 (0.310–0.995)	.048
Nap duration	0.341 (0.144)	.018	0.295 (0.125)	.019	0.550 (0.331–0.913)	.021
Education	0.330 (0.137)	.016	0.251 (0.119)	.035	0.574 (0.355–0.929)	.024
WRAT score	0.323 (0.138)	.020	0.254 (0.120)	.034	0.617 (0.376–1.013)	.056
Physical activity index	0.114 (0.071)	.110	0.086 (0.062)	.169	0.961 (0.776–1.189)	.712

Regressions with continuous ESS scores, additionally adjusted for:

Total brain volume, % ICV

Cortical gray matter volume, % ICV

Covert brain infarcts, (presence/absence)

β (SE)

OR (95% CI)

AHI

0.361 (0.140)

.010

0.273 (0.124)

.029

0.656 (0.398–1.082)

.099

Insomnia severity

0.327 (0.140)

.020

0.239 (0.121)

.050

0.574 (0.353–0.934)

.025

Habitual sleep duration

0.306 (0.139)

.028

0.213 (0.120)

.076

0.536 (0.330–0.871)

.012

Coffee intake

0.106 (0.071)

.134

0.070 (0.062)

.263

0.955 (0.776–1.175)

.665

Nap frequency

0.330 (0.154)

.033

0.345 (0.134)

.010

0.555 (0.310–0.995)

.048

Nap duration

0.341 (0.144)

.018

0.295 (0.125)

.019

0.550 (0.331–0.913)

.021

Education

0.330 (0.137)

.016

0.251 (0.119)

.035

0.574 (0.355–0.929)

.024

WRAT score

0.323 (0.138)

.020

0.254 (0.120)

.034

0.617 (0.376–1.013)

.056

Physical activity index

0.114 (0.071)

.110

0.086 (0.062)

.169

0.961 (0.776–1.189)

.712

Regressions with continuous ESS scores, additionally adjusted for:	Total brain volume, % ICV	Cortical gray matter volume, % ICV	Covert brain infarcts, (presence/absence)
AHI	0.361 (0.140)	.010	0.273 (0.124)	.029	0.656 (0.398–1.082)	.099
Insomnia severity	0.327 (0.140)	.020	0.239 (0.121)	.050	0.574 (0.353–0.934)	.025
Habitual sleep duration	0.306 (0.139)	.028	0.213 (0.120)	.076	0.536 (0.330–0.871)	.012
Coffee intake	0.106 (0.071)	.134	0.070 (0.062)	.263	0.955 (0.776–1.175)	.665
Nap frequency	0.330 (0.154)	.033	0.345 (0.134)	.010	0.555 (0.310–0.995)	.048
Nap duration	0.341 (0.144)	.018	0.295 (0.125)	.019	0.550 (0.331–0.913)	.021
Education	0.330 (0.137)	.016	0.251 (0.119)	.035	0.574 (0.355–0.929)	.024
WRAT score	0.323 (0.138)	.020	0.254 (0.120)	.034	0.617 (0.376–1.013)	.056
Physical activity index	0.114 (0.071)	.110	0.086 (0.062)	.169	0.961 (0.776–1.189)	.712

Table 4.

Open in new tab

Additional statistical adjustments in the association between continuous ESS scores and significant MRI metrics

Regressions with continuous ESS scores, additionally adjusted for:	Total brain volume, % ICV		Cortical gray matter volume, % ICV		Covert brain infarcts, (presence/absence)
	β (SE)	p	β (SE)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
AHI	0.361 (0.140)	.010	0.273 (0.124)	.029	0.656 (0.398–1.082)	.099
Insomnia severity	0.327 (0.140)	.020	0.239 (0.121)	.050	0.574 (0.353–0.934)	.025
Habitual sleep duration	0.306 (0.139)	.028	0.213 (0.120)	.076	0.536 (0.330–0.871)	.012
Coffee intake	0.106 (0.071)	.134	0.070 (0.062)	.263	0.955 (0.776–1.175)	.665
Nap frequency	0.330 (0.154)	.033	0.345 (0.134)	.010	0.555 (0.310–0.995)	.048
Nap duration	0.341 (0.144)	.018	0.295 (0.125)	.019	0.550 (0.331–0.913)	.021
Education	0.330 (0.137)	.016	0.251 (0.119)	.035	0.574 (0.355–0.929)	.024
WRAT score	0.323 (0.138)	.020	0.254 (0.120)	.034	0.617 (0.376–1.013)	.056
Physical activity index	0.114 (0.071)	.110	0.086 (0.062)	.169	0.961 (0.776–1.189)	.712

Regressions with continuous ESS scores, additionally adjusted for:	Total brain volume, % ICV		Cortical gray matter volume, % ICV		Covert brain infarcts, (presence/absence)
	β (SE)	p	β (SE)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
AHI	0.361 (0.140)	.010	0.273 (0.124)	.029	0.656 (0.398–1.082)	.099
Insomnia severity	0.327 (0.140)	.020	0.239 (0.121)	.050	0.574 (0.353–0.934)	.025
Habitual sleep duration	0.306 (0.139)	.028	0.213 (0.120)	.076	0.536 (0.330–0.871)	.012
Coffee intake	0.106 (0.071)	.134	0.070 (0.062)	.263	0.955 (0.776–1.175)	.665
Nap frequency	0.330 (0.154)	.033	0.345 (0.134)	.010	0.555 (0.310–0.995)	.048
Nap duration	0.341 (0.144)	.018	0.295 (0.125)	.019	0.550 (0.331–0.913)	.021
Education	0.330 (0.137)	.016	0.251 (0.119)	.035	0.574 (0.355–0.929)	.024
WRAT score	0.323 (0.138)	.020	0.254 (0.120)	.034	0.617 (0.376–1.013)	.056
Physical activity index	0.114 (0.071)	.110	0.086 (0.062)	.169	0.961 (0.776–1.189)	.712

A natural log transformation was applied to ESS and the AHI. MRI metrics are presented as a percentage of intracranial volume, except for covert brain infarcts. Bold values represent significant associations. Models were adjusted for age, age squared, sex, and time between ESS assessment, APOE ε4 allele carriers, body mass index, sleeping pills, depression, and revised Framingham Stroke Risk Profile score, in addition to the presented additional covariates. AHI, Apnea-Hypopnea Index; CI, confidence intervals; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; OR, odds ratio; SE, standard error; WRAT, Wide Range Achievement Test.

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