Only BAs for which at least 2 studies reported alterations are displayed.

↑ = higher level in patients with CD with bowel resection compared with HCs; ↓ = lower level in patients with CD with bowel resection compared with HCs. ↑* = higher level in patients with CD underwent bowel resection compared with patients without bowel resection; ↓* = lower level in patients with CD underwent bowel resection compared with patients without bowel resection. Empty boxes indicate that no significant difference or no information was provided in the studies.

BA, bile acid; CA, cholic acid; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; D, fasting duodenal bile; DCA, deoxycholic acid; F, feces; LCA, lithocholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid.