| Study . | Weng et al42 . | Das et al35 . | Jansson et al41 . | Kruis et al37 . | Koga et al39 . | Fiasse et al40 . | Karbach et al44 . | . | Linnet et al43 . | Wilson et al32 . | Rutgeerts et al45 . | . | Rutgeerts et al46 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | F | F | F | F | F | F | S | S | P | D | D | ||
| Disease location | / | / | / | / | / | / | Ileal involvement | / | / | L2 | L3 | L2 | |
| <30 cm | >30 cm | ||||||||||||
| Total BAs | ↑ | ↑ | |||||||||||
| CA | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||
| CDCA | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||||
| DCA | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||
| LCA | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||||||
| UDCA | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||||||||
| GCA | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ (PO) | ↓ (FA and PO) | ↑ | ||||||||
| GCDCA | ↑ | ↓ | |||||||||||
| TCA | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||||||||
| TCDCA | ↑ | ↓ (FA) |
| Study . | Weng et al42 . | Das et al35 . | Jansson et al41 . | Kruis et al37 . | Koga et al39 . | Fiasse et al40 . | Karbach et al44 . | . | Linnet et al43 . | Wilson et al32 . | Rutgeerts et al45 . | . | Rutgeerts et al46 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | F | F | F | F | F | F | S | S | P | D | D | ||
| Disease location | / | / | / | / | / | / | Ileal involvement | / | / | L2 | L3 | L2 | |
| <30 cm | >30 cm | ||||||||||||
| Total BAs | ↑ | ↑ | |||||||||||
| CA | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||
| CDCA | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||||
| DCA | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||
| LCA | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||||||
| UDCA | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||||||||
| GCA | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ (PO) | ↓ (FA and PO) | ↑ | ||||||||
| GCDCA | ↑ | ↓ | |||||||||||
| TCA | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||||||||
| TCDCA | ↑ | ↓ (FA) |
Only BAs for which at least 2 studies reported alterations are displayed.
↑ = higher level in patients with CD compared with HCs; ↓ = lower level in patients with CD compared with HCs; / = no information available. Empty boxes indicate that no significant difference or no information was provided in the studies.
D indicates fasting duodenal bile; BA, bile acid; CA, cholic acid; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; F, feces; FA, fasting; GCA, glycocholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; L2/L3, colitis/ileocolitis; LCA, lithocholic acid; P, plasma; PO, postprandial; S, serum; TCA, taurocholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid.
| Study . | Weng et al42 . | Das et al35 . | Jansson et al41 . | Kruis et al37 . | Koga et al39 . | Fiasse et al40 . | Karbach et al44 . | . | Linnet et al43 . | Wilson et al32 . | Rutgeerts et al45 . | . | Rutgeerts et al46 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | F | F | F | F | F | F | S | S | P | D | D | ||
| Disease location | / | / | / | / | / | / | Ileal involvement | / | / | L2 | L3 | L2 | |
| <30 cm | >30 cm | ||||||||||||
| Total BAs | ↑ | ↑ | |||||||||||
| CA | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||
| CDCA | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||||
| DCA | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||
| LCA | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||||||
| UDCA | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||||||||
| GCA | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ (PO) | ↓ (FA and PO) | ↑ | ||||||||
| GCDCA | ↑ | ↓ | |||||||||||
| TCA | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||||||||
| TCDCA | ↑ | ↓ (FA) |
| Study . | Weng et al42 . | Das et al35 . | Jansson et al41 . | Kruis et al37 . | Koga et al39 . | Fiasse et al40 . | Karbach et al44 . | . | Linnet et al43 . | Wilson et al32 . | Rutgeerts et al45 . | . | Rutgeerts et al46 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | F | F | F | F | F | F | S | S | P | D | D | ||
| Disease location | / | / | / | / | / | / | Ileal involvement | / | / | L2 | L3 | L2 | |
| <30 cm | >30 cm | ||||||||||||
| Total BAs | ↑ | ↑ | |||||||||||
| CA | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||
| CDCA | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||||
| DCA | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||
| LCA | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||||||
| UDCA | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||||||||
| GCA | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ (PO) | ↓ (FA and PO) | ↑ | ||||||||
| GCDCA | ↑ | ↓ | |||||||||||
| TCA | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||||||||
| TCDCA | ↑ | ↓ (FA) |
Only BAs for which at least 2 studies reported alterations are displayed.
↑ = higher level in patients with CD compared with HCs; ↓ = lower level in patients with CD compared with HCs; / = no information available. Empty boxes indicate that no significant difference or no information was provided in the studies.
D indicates fasting duodenal bile; BA, bile acid; CA, cholic acid; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; F, feces; FA, fasting; GCA, glycocholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; L2/L3, colitis/ileocolitis; LCA, lithocholic acid; P, plasma; PO, postprandial; S, serum; TCA, taurocholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid.
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