. | Primary rationale for transnational expansion . | Best practice . | State organisational form . | Geographies . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Institutional investment in global financial markets | Surplus national savings; ROI in global capital markets | Financial intermediary identifies assets based on ROI metrics and via their centrality in global capital networks; independence of operational decision-making | State-owned financial intermediaries (SWFs, government-guided funds, SOE portfolio investment departments, state-owned investment banks) | Developed capital markets |
Bank-based debt-financed public infrastructure projects | Strategic coupling to global supply chains, enhanced Chinese labour mobility; new market creation for production and consumption of Chinese goods and services | Dispersed yet collective intervention by relevant state institutions in China and investor states; ministries, agencies and SOEs play a coordinative function, identifying markets, creating projects (assets), securing funds and contractors, and implement projects in line with the BRI; EPC+F contracting model | The state-coordinated complex (National Development and Reform Commission, MOFCOM, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, policy banks, construction SOEs (CCCC, China Railway International, China Machinery Engineering Company) in China and investor states) | Emerging economies, BRI countries, e.g. the Western Balkans |
. | Primary rationale for transnational expansion . | Best practice . | State organisational form . | Geographies . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Institutional investment in global financial markets | Surplus national savings; ROI in global capital markets | Financial intermediary identifies assets based on ROI metrics and via their centrality in global capital networks; independence of operational decision-making | State-owned financial intermediaries (SWFs, government-guided funds, SOE portfolio investment departments, state-owned investment banks) | Developed capital markets |
Bank-based debt-financed public infrastructure projects | Strategic coupling to global supply chains, enhanced Chinese labour mobility; new market creation for production and consumption of Chinese goods and services | Dispersed yet collective intervention by relevant state institutions in China and investor states; ministries, agencies and SOEs play a coordinative function, identifying markets, creating projects (assets), securing funds and contractors, and implement projects in line with the BRI; EPC+F contracting model | The state-coordinated complex (National Development and Reform Commission, MOFCOM, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, policy banks, construction SOEs (CCCC, China Railway International, China Machinery Engineering Company) in China and investor states) | Emerging economies, BRI countries, e.g. the Western Balkans |
Source: Author’s own formulation.
. | Primary rationale for transnational expansion . | Best practice . | State organisational form . | Geographies . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Institutional investment in global financial markets | Surplus national savings; ROI in global capital markets | Financial intermediary identifies assets based on ROI metrics and via their centrality in global capital networks; independence of operational decision-making | State-owned financial intermediaries (SWFs, government-guided funds, SOE portfolio investment departments, state-owned investment banks) | Developed capital markets |
Bank-based debt-financed public infrastructure projects | Strategic coupling to global supply chains, enhanced Chinese labour mobility; new market creation for production and consumption of Chinese goods and services | Dispersed yet collective intervention by relevant state institutions in China and investor states; ministries, agencies and SOEs play a coordinative function, identifying markets, creating projects (assets), securing funds and contractors, and implement projects in line with the BRI; EPC+F contracting model | The state-coordinated complex (National Development and Reform Commission, MOFCOM, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, policy banks, construction SOEs (CCCC, China Railway International, China Machinery Engineering Company) in China and investor states) | Emerging economies, BRI countries, e.g. the Western Balkans |
. | Primary rationale for transnational expansion . | Best practice . | State organisational form . | Geographies . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Institutional investment in global financial markets | Surplus national savings; ROI in global capital markets | Financial intermediary identifies assets based on ROI metrics and via their centrality in global capital networks; independence of operational decision-making | State-owned financial intermediaries (SWFs, government-guided funds, SOE portfolio investment departments, state-owned investment banks) | Developed capital markets |
Bank-based debt-financed public infrastructure projects | Strategic coupling to global supply chains, enhanced Chinese labour mobility; new market creation for production and consumption of Chinese goods and services | Dispersed yet collective intervention by relevant state institutions in China and investor states; ministries, agencies and SOEs play a coordinative function, identifying markets, creating projects (assets), securing funds and contractors, and implement projects in line with the BRI; EPC+F contracting model | The state-coordinated complex (National Development and Reform Commission, MOFCOM, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, policy banks, construction SOEs (CCCC, China Railway International, China Machinery Engineering Company) in China and investor states) | Emerging economies, BRI countries, e.g. the Western Balkans |
Source: Author’s own formulation.
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