Characteristics of participants in the sub-cohort (N = 14 663) stratified by physical activity and sex
| . | Physical activity . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics . | Inactive . | Moderately inactive . | Moderately active . | Active . | P valuea . |
| Men (n = 5436) | |||||
| n (%) | 913(16.8) | 1737(32.0) | 1416(26.0) | 1370(25.2) | |
| Age (years)b | 55.3 ± 9.0 | 52.5 ± 8.5 | 51.9 ± 8.5 | 50.9 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
| Educational level n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No schooling (n = 361) | 70(7.7) | 103(5.9) | 97(6.9) | 91(6.6) | |
| Primary (n = 1830) | 315(34.5) | 506(29.1) | 490(34.6) | 519(37.9) | |
| Secondary (n = 708) | 114(12.5) | 249(14.3) | 196(13.8) | 149(10.9) | |
| Vocational/university (n = 2537) | 414(45.3) | 879(50.6) | 633(44.7) | 611(44.6) | |
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| None (n = 420) | 107(11.7) | 118(6.8) | 98(6.9) | 97(7.1) | |
| 1–≤5 g/day (n = 1030) | 199(21.8) | 321(18.5) | 260(18.4) | 250(18.2) | |
| >5–≤10 g/day (n = 748) | 124(13.6) | 245(14.1) | 196(13.8) | 183(13.4) | |
| >10–≤40 g/day (n = 2182) | 327(35.8) | 716(41.2) | 577(40.7) | 562(41.0) | |
| >40 g/day (n = 1056) | 156(17.1) | 337(19.4) | 285(20.1) | 278(20.3) | |
| Fruit (g/day)c | 154.0(216.8) | 155.2(193.6) | 153.6(213.9) | 174.9(230.2) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day)c | 146.5(156.6) | 137.5(136.9) | 151.7(138.7) | 146.5(148.5) | 0.091 |
| Body mass index n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 (n = 1776) | 249(27.3) | 556(32.0) | 477(33.7) | 494(36.1) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 2714) | 460(50.4) | 893(51.4) | 701(49.5) | 660(48.2) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 (n = 946) | 204(22.3) | 288(16.6) | 238(16.8) | 216(15.8) | |
| Total cholesterol n (%) | 0.004 | ||||
| <5.2 mmol/L (n = 1498) | 232(25.4) | 431(24.8) | 413(29.2) | 422(30.8) | |
| 5.2–6.1 mmol/L (n = 2006) | 335(36.7) | 667(38.4) | 523(36.9) | 481(35.1) | |
| ≥6.0 mmol/L (n = 1932) | 346(37.9) | 639(36.8) | 480(33.9) | 467(34.1) | |
| Hypertension n (%)d | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 3340) | 505(55.3) | 1059(61.0) | 901(63.6) | 875(63.9) | |
| Yes (n = 2096) | 408(44.7) | 678(39.0) | 515(36.4) | 495(36.1) | |
| History of diabetes n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 5236) | 858(94.0) | 1677(96.5) | 1369(96.7) | 1332(97.2) | |
| Yes (n = 200) | 55(6.0) | 60(3.5) | 47(3.3) | 38(2.8) | |
| Smoking status n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never (n = 1731) | 234(25.6) | 573(33.0) | 468(33.1) | 456(33.3) | |
| Former (n = 1964) | 327(35.8) | 636(36.6) | 498(35.2) | 503(36.7) | |
| Current (n = 1741) | 352(38.6) | 528(30.4) | 450(31.8) | 411(30.0) | |
| Women n = 9227 | |||||
| n (%) | 2449(26.5) | 3250(35.2) | 1926(20.9) | 1602(17.4) | |
| Age (years)b | 52.4 ± 9.6 | 52.1 ± 9.4 | 51.3 ± 8.8 | 51.5 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
| Educational level n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No schooling (n = 887) | 489(20.0) | 287(8.8) | 79(4.1) | 32(2.0) | |
| Primary (n = 3018) | 1043(42.6) | 1016(31.3) | 518(26.9) | 441(27.5) | |
| Secondary (n = 1557) | 294(12.0) | 574(17.7) | 379(19.7) | 310(19.4) | |
| Vocational/University (n = 3765) | 623(25.4) | 1373(42.2) | 950(49.3) | 819(51.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| None (n = 2018) | 847(34.6) | 665(20.5) | 284(14.7) | 222(13.9) | |
| 1–≤5 g/day (n = 3364) | 806(32.9) | 1240(38.2) | 745(38.7) | 573(35.8) | |
| >5–≤10 g/day (n = 1307) | 275(11.2) | 436(13.4) | 313(16.3) | 283(17.7) | |
| >10–≤40 g/day (n = 2298) | 477(19.5) | 823(25.3) | 534(27.7) | 464(29.0) | |
| >40 g/day (n = 240) | 44(1.8) | 86(2.6) | 50(2.6) | 60(3.7) | |
| Fruit (g/day)c | 250.0(246.1) | 213.4(211.4) | 200.9(193.7) | 216.1(191.5) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day)c | 178.4(158.1) | 161.7(133.8) | 161.3(134.9) | 154.7(124.7) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 (n = 4629) | 904(36.9) | 1666(51.3) | 1125(58.4) | 934(58.3) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 3077) | 895(36.5) | 1107(34.1) | 588(30.5) | 487(30.4) | |
| ≥3 kg/m2 (n = 1521) | 650(26.5) | 477(14.7) | 213(11.1) | 181(11.3) | |
| Total cholesterol n (%) | 0.142 | ||||
| <5.2 mmol/L (n = 2588) | 658(26.9) | 942(29.0) | 547(28.4) | 441(27.5) | |
| 5.2–6.21 mmol/L (n = 3297) | 875(35.7) | 1119(34.4) | 724(37.6) | 579(36.1) | |
| ≥6.2 mmol/L (n = 3342) | 916(37.4) | 1189(36.6) | 655(34.0) | 582(36.3) | |
| Hypertension n (%)d | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 6165) | 1588(64.8) | 2153(66.2) | 1372(71.2) | 1052(65.7) | |
| Yes (n = 3062) | 861(35.2) | 1097(33.8) | 554(28.8) | 550(34.3) | |
| History of diabetes n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 9028) | 2372(96.9) | 3183(97.9) | 1890(98.1) | 1583(98.8) | |
| Yes (n = 199) | 77(3.1) | 67(2.1) | 36(1.9) | 19(1.2) | |
| Smoking status n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never (n = 5217) | 1561(63.7) | 1831(56.3) | 1014(52.6) | 811(50.6) | |
| Former (n = 1974) | 359(14.7) | 704(21.7) | 475(24.7) | 436(27.2) | |
| Current (n = 2036) | 529(21.6) | 715(22.0) | 437(22.7) | 355(22.2) | |
| . | Physical activity . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics . | Inactive . | Moderately inactive . | Moderately active . | Active . | P valuea . |
| Men (n = 5436) | |||||
| n (%) | 913(16.8) | 1737(32.0) | 1416(26.0) | 1370(25.2) | |
| Age (years)b | 55.3 ± 9.0 | 52.5 ± 8.5 | 51.9 ± 8.5 | 50.9 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
| Educational level n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No schooling (n = 361) | 70(7.7) | 103(5.9) | 97(6.9) | 91(6.6) | |
| Primary (n = 1830) | 315(34.5) | 506(29.1) | 490(34.6) | 519(37.9) | |
| Secondary (n = 708) | 114(12.5) | 249(14.3) | 196(13.8) | 149(10.9) | |
| Vocational/university (n = 2537) | 414(45.3) | 879(50.6) | 633(44.7) | 611(44.6) | |
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| None (n = 420) | 107(11.7) | 118(6.8) | 98(6.9) | 97(7.1) | |
| 1–≤5 g/day (n = 1030) | 199(21.8) | 321(18.5) | 260(18.4) | 250(18.2) | |
| >5–≤10 g/day (n = 748) | 124(13.6) | 245(14.1) | 196(13.8) | 183(13.4) | |
| >10–≤40 g/day (n = 2182) | 327(35.8) | 716(41.2) | 577(40.7) | 562(41.0) | |
| >40 g/day (n = 1056) | 156(17.1) | 337(19.4) | 285(20.1) | 278(20.3) | |
| Fruit (g/day)c | 154.0(216.8) | 155.2(193.6) | 153.6(213.9) | 174.9(230.2) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day)c | 146.5(156.6) | 137.5(136.9) | 151.7(138.7) | 146.5(148.5) | 0.091 |
| Body mass index n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 (n = 1776) | 249(27.3) | 556(32.0) | 477(33.7) | 494(36.1) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 2714) | 460(50.4) | 893(51.4) | 701(49.5) | 660(48.2) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 (n = 946) | 204(22.3) | 288(16.6) | 238(16.8) | 216(15.8) | |
| Total cholesterol n (%) | 0.004 | ||||
| <5.2 mmol/L (n = 1498) | 232(25.4) | 431(24.8) | 413(29.2) | 422(30.8) | |
| 5.2–6.1 mmol/L (n = 2006) | 335(36.7) | 667(38.4) | 523(36.9) | 481(35.1) | |
| ≥6.0 mmol/L (n = 1932) | 346(37.9) | 639(36.8) | 480(33.9) | 467(34.1) | |
| Hypertension n (%)d | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 3340) | 505(55.3) | 1059(61.0) | 901(63.6) | 875(63.9) | |
| Yes (n = 2096) | 408(44.7) | 678(39.0) | 515(36.4) | 495(36.1) | |
| History of diabetes n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 5236) | 858(94.0) | 1677(96.5) | 1369(96.7) | 1332(97.2) | |
| Yes (n = 200) | 55(6.0) | 60(3.5) | 47(3.3) | 38(2.8) | |
| Smoking status n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never (n = 1731) | 234(25.6) | 573(33.0) | 468(33.1) | 456(33.3) | |
| Former (n = 1964) | 327(35.8) | 636(36.6) | 498(35.2) | 503(36.7) | |
| Current (n = 1741) | 352(38.6) | 528(30.4) | 450(31.8) | 411(30.0) | |
| Women n = 9227 | |||||
| n (%) | 2449(26.5) | 3250(35.2) | 1926(20.9) | 1602(17.4) | |
| Age (years)b | 52.4 ± 9.6 | 52.1 ± 9.4 | 51.3 ± 8.8 | 51.5 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
| Educational level n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No schooling (n = 887) | 489(20.0) | 287(8.8) | 79(4.1) | 32(2.0) | |
| Primary (n = 3018) | 1043(42.6) | 1016(31.3) | 518(26.9) | 441(27.5) | |
| Secondary (n = 1557) | 294(12.0) | 574(17.7) | 379(19.7) | 310(19.4) | |
| Vocational/University (n = 3765) | 623(25.4) | 1373(42.2) | 950(49.3) | 819(51.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| None (n = 2018) | 847(34.6) | 665(20.5) | 284(14.7) | 222(13.9) | |
| 1–≤5 g/day (n = 3364) | 806(32.9) | 1240(38.2) | 745(38.7) | 573(35.8) | |
| >5–≤10 g/day (n = 1307) | 275(11.2) | 436(13.4) | 313(16.3) | 283(17.7) | |
| >10–≤40 g/day (n = 2298) | 477(19.5) | 823(25.3) | 534(27.7) | 464(29.0) | |
| >40 g/day (n = 240) | 44(1.8) | 86(2.6) | 50(2.6) | 60(3.7) | |
| Fruit (g/day)c | 250.0(246.1) | 213.4(211.4) | 200.9(193.7) | 216.1(191.5) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day)c | 178.4(158.1) | 161.7(133.8) | 161.3(134.9) | 154.7(124.7) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 (n = 4629) | 904(36.9) | 1666(51.3) | 1125(58.4) | 934(58.3) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 3077) | 895(36.5) | 1107(34.1) | 588(30.5) | 487(30.4) | |
| ≥3 kg/m2 (n = 1521) | 650(26.5) | 477(14.7) | 213(11.1) | 181(11.3) | |
| Total cholesterol n (%) | 0.142 | ||||
| <5.2 mmol/L (n = 2588) | 658(26.9) | 942(29.0) | 547(28.4) | 441(27.5) | |
| 5.2–6.21 mmol/L (n = 3297) | 875(35.7) | 1119(34.4) | 724(37.6) | 579(36.1) | |
| ≥6.2 mmol/L (n = 3342) | 916(37.4) | 1189(36.6) | 655(34.0) | 582(36.3) | |
| Hypertension n (%)d | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 6165) | 1588(64.8) | 2153(66.2) | 1372(71.2) | 1052(65.7) | |
| Yes (n = 3062) | 861(35.2) | 1097(33.8) | 554(28.8) | 550(34.3) | |
| History of diabetes n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 9028) | 2372(96.9) | 3183(97.9) | 1890(98.1) | 1583(98.8) | |
| Yes (n = 199) | 77(3.1) | 67(2.1) | 36(1.9) | 19(1.2) | |
| Smoking status n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never (n = 5217) | 1561(63.7) | 1831(56.3) | 1014(52.6) | 811(50.6) | |
| Former (n = 1974) | 359(14.7) | 704(21.7) | 475(24.7) | 436(27.2) | |
| Current (n = 2036) | 529(21.6) | 715(22.0) | 437(22.7) | 355(22.2) | |
P values are derived from a Kruskal Wallis or ANOVA test for continuous variables or from a Chi-square test for categorical variables;
Values for normally distributed variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation;
Values from non-normally distributed variables are expressed as median (interquartile range);
Hypertension definition is based on medical history and/or clinical measurements.
Characteristics of participants in the sub-cohort (N = 14 663) stratified by physical activity and sex
| . | Physical activity . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics . | Inactive . | Moderately inactive . | Moderately active . | Active . | P valuea . |
| Men (n = 5436) | |||||
| n (%) | 913(16.8) | 1737(32.0) | 1416(26.0) | 1370(25.2) | |
| Age (years)b | 55.3 ± 9.0 | 52.5 ± 8.5 | 51.9 ± 8.5 | 50.9 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
| Educational level n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No schooling (n = 361) | 70(7.7) | 103(5.9) | 97(6.9) | 91(6.6) | |
| Primary (n = 1830) | 315(34.5) | 506(29.1) | 490(34.6) | 519(37.9) | |
| Secondary (n = 708) | 114(12.5) | 249(14.3) | 196(13.8) | 149(10.9) | |
| Vocational/university (n = 2537) | 414(45.3) | 879(50.6) | 633(44.7) | 611(44.6) | |
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| None (n = 420) | 107(11.7) | 118(6.8) | 98(6.9) | 97(7.1) | |
| 1–≤5 g/day (n = 1030) | 199(21.8) | 321(18.5) | 260(18.4) | 250(18.2) | |
| >5–≤10 g/day (n = 748) | 124(13.6) | 245(14.1) | 196(13.8) | 183(13.4) | |
| >10–≤40 g/day (n = 2182) | 327(35.8) | 716(41.2) | 577(40.7) | 562(41.0) | |
| >40 g/day (n = 1056) | 156(17.1) | 337(19.4) | 285(20.1) | 278(20.3) | |
| Fruit (g/day)c | 154.0(216.8) | 155.2(193.6) | 153.6(213.9) | 174.9(230.2) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day)c | 146.5(156.6) | 137.5(136.9) | 151.7(138.7) | 146.5(148.5) | 0.091 |
| Body mass index n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 (n = 1776) | 249(27.3) | 556(32.0) | 477(33.7) | 494(36.1) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 2714) | 460(50.4) | 893(51.4) | 701(49.5) | 660(48.2) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 (n = 946) | 204(22.3) | 288(16.6) | 238(16.8) | 216(15.8) | |
| Total cholesterol n (%) | 0.004 | ||||
| <5.2 mmol/L (n = 1498) | 232(25.4) | 431(24.8) | 413(29.2) | 422(30.8) | |
| 5.2–6.1 mmol/L (n = 2006) | 335(36.7) | 667(38.4) | 523(36.9) | 481(35.1) | |
| ≥6.0 mmol/L (n = 1932) | 346(37.9) | 639(36.8) | 480(33.9) | 467(34.1) | |
| Hypertension n (%)d | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 3340) | 505(55.3) | 1059(61.0) | 901(63.6) | 875(63.9) | |
| Yes (n = 2096) | 408(44.7) | 678(39.0) | 515(36.4) | 495(36.1) | |
| History of diabetes n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 5236) | 858(94.0) | 1677(96.5) | 1369(96.7) | 1332(97.2) | |
| Yes (n = 200) | 55(6.0) | 60(3.5) | 47(3.3) | 38(2.8) | |
| Smoking status n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never (n = 1731) | 234(25.6) | 573(33.0) | 468(33.1) | 456(33.3) | |
| Former (n = 1964) | 327(35.8) | 636(36.6) | 498(35.2) | 503(36.7) | |
| Current (n = 1741) | 352(38.6) | 528(30.4) | 450(31.8) | 411(30.0) | |
| Women n = 9227 | |||||
| n (%) | 2449(26.5) | 3250(35.2) | 1926(20.9) | 1602(17.4) | |
| Age (years)b | 52.4 ± 9.6 | 52.1 ± 9.4 | 51.3 ± 8.8 | 51.5 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
| Educational level n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No schooling (n = 887) | 489(20.0) | 287(8.8) | 79(4.1) | 32(2.0) | |
| Primary (n = 3018) | 1043(42.6) | 1016(31.3) | 518(26.9) | 441(27.5) | |
| Secondary (n = 1557) | 294(12.0) | 574(17.7) | 379(19.7) | 310(19.4) | |
| Vocational/University (n = 3765) | 623(25.4) | 1373(42.2) | 950(49.3) | 819(51.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| None (n = 2018) | 847(34.6) | 665(20.5) | 284(14.7) | 222(13.9) | |
| 1–≤5 g/day (n = 3364) | 806(32.9) | 1240(38.2) | 745(38.7) | 573(35.8) | |
| >5–≤10 g/day (n = 1307) | 275(11.2) | 436(13.4) | 313(16.3) | 283(17.7) | |
| >10–≤40 g/day (n = 2298) | 477(19.5) | 823(25.3) | 534(27.7) | 464(29.0) | |
| >40 g/day (n = 240) | 44(1.8) | 86(2.6) | 50(2.6) | 60(3.7) | |
| Fruit (g/day)c | 250.0(246.1) | 213.4(211.4) | 200.9(193.7) | 216.1(191.5) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day)c | 178.4(158.1) | 161.7(133.8) | 161.3(134.9) | 154.7(124.7) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 (n = 4629) | 904(36.9) | 1666(51.3) | 1125(58.4) | 934(58.3) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 3077) | 895(36.5) | 1107(34.1) | 588(30.5) | 487(30.4) | |
| ≥3 kg/m2 (n = 1521) | 650(26.5) | 477(14.7) | 213(11.1) | 181(11.3) | |
| Total cholesterol n (%) | 0.142 | ||||
| <5.2 mmol/L (n = 2588) | 658(26.9) | 942(29.0) | 547(28.4) | 441(27.5) | |
| 5.2–6.21 mmol/L (n = 3297) | 875(35.7) | 1119(34.4) | 724(37.6) | 579(36.1) | |
| ≥6.2 mmol/L (n = 3342) | 916(37.4) | 1189(36.6) | 655(34.0) | 582(36.3) | |
| Hypertension n (%)d | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 6165) | 1588(64.8) | 2153(66.2) | 1372(71.2) | 1052(65.7) | |
| Yes (n = 3062) | 861(35.2) | 1097(33.8) | 554(28.8) | 550(34.3) | |
| History of diabetes n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 9028) | 2372(96.9) | 3183(97.9) | 1890(98.1) | 1583(98.8) | |
| Yes (n = 199) | 77(3.1) | 67(2.1) | 36(1.9) | 19(1.2) | |
| Smoking status n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never (n = 5217) | 1561(63.7) | 1831(56.3) | 1014(52.6) | 811(50.6) | |
| Former (n = 1974) | 359(14.7) | 704(21.7) | 475(24.7) | 436(27.2) | |
| Current (n = 2036) | 529(21.6) | 715(22.0) | 437(22.7) | 355(22.2) | |
| . | Physical activity . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics . | Inactive . | Moderately inactive . | Moderately active . | Active . | P valuea . |
| Men (n = 5436) | |||||
| n (%) | 913(16.8) | 1737(32.0) | 1416(26.0) | 1370(25.2) | |
| Age (years)b | 55.3 ± 9.0 | 52.5 ± 8.5 | 51.9 ± 8.5 | 50.9 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
| Educational level n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No schooling (n = 361) | 70(7.7) | 103(5.9) | 97(6.9) | 91(6.6) | |
| Primary (n = 1830) | 315(34.5) | 506(29.1) | 490(34.6) | 519(37.9) | |
| Secondary (n = 708) | 114(12.5) | 249(14.3) | 196(13.8) | 149(10.9) | |
| Vocational/university (n = 2537) | 414(45.3) | 879(50.6) | 633(44.7) | 611(44.6) | |
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| None (n = 420) | 107(11.7) | 118(6.8) | 98(6.9) | 97(7.1) | |
| 1–≤5 g/day (n = 1030) | 199(21.8) | 321(18.5) | 260(18.4) | 250(18.2) | |
| >5–≤10 g/day (n = 748) | 124(13.6) | 245(14.1) | 196(13.8) | 183(13.4) | |
| >10–≤40 g/day (n = 2182) | 327(35.8) | 716(41.2) | 577(40.7) | 562(41.0) | |
| >40 g/day (n = 1056) | 156(17.1) | 337(19.4) | 285(20.1) | 278(20.3) | |
| Fruit (g/day)c | 154.0(216.8) | 155.2(193.6) | 153.6(213.9) | 174.9(230.2) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day)c | 146.5(156.6) | 137.5(136.9) | 151.7(138.7) | 146.5(148.5) | 0.091 |
| Body mass index n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 (n = 1776) | 249(27.3) | 556(32.0) | 477(33.7) | 494(36.1) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 2714) | 460(50.4) | 893(51.4) | 701(49.5) | 660(48.2) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 (n = 946) | 204(22.3) | 288(16.6) | 238(16.8) | 216(15.8) | |
| Total cholesterol n (%) | 0.004 | ||||
| <5.2 mmol/L (n = 1498) | 232(25.4) | 431(24.8) | 413(29.2) | 422(30.8) | |
| 5.2–6.1 mmol/L (n = 2006) | 335(36.7) | 667(38.4) | 523(36.9) | 481(35.1) | |
| ≥6.0 mmol/L (n = 1932) | 346(37.9) | 639(36.8) | 480(33.9) | 467(34.1) | |
| Hypertension n (%)d | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 3340) | 505(55.3) | 1059(61.0) | 901(63.6) | 875(63.9) | |
| Yes (n = 2096) | 408(44.7) | 678(39.0) | 515(36.4) | 495(36.1) | |
| History of diabetes n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 5236) | 858(94.0) | 1677(96.5) | 1369(96.7) | 1332(97.2) | |
| Yes (n = 200) | 55(6.0) | 60(3.5) | 47(3.3) | 38(2.8) | |
| Smoking status n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never (n = 1731) | 234(25.6) | 573(33.0) | 468(33.1) | 456(33.3) | |
| Former (n = 1964) | 327(35.8) | 636(36.6) | 498(35.2) | 503(36.7) | |
| Current (n = 1741) | 352(38.6) | 528(30.4) | 450(31.8) | 411(30.0) | |
| Women n = 9227 | |||||
| n (%) | 2449(26.5) | 3250(35.2) | 1926(20.9) | 1602(17.4) | |
| Age (years)b | 52.4 ± 9.6 | 52.1 ± 9.4 | 51.3 ± 8.8 | 51.5 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
| Educational level n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No schooling (n = 887) | 489(20.0) | 287(8.8) | 79(4.1) | 32(2.0) | |
| Primary (n = 3018) | 1043(42.6) | 1016(31.3) | 518(26.9) | 441(27.5) | |
| Secondary (n = 1557) | 294(12.0) | 574(17.7) | 379(19.7) | 310(19.4) | |
| Vocational/University (n = 3765) | 623(25.4) | 1373(42.2) | 950(49.3) | 819(51.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| None (n = 2018) | 847(34.6) | 665(20.5) | 284(14.7) | 222(13.9) | |
| 1–≤5 g/day (n = 3364) | 806(32.9) | 1240(38.2) | 745(38.7) | 573(35.8) | |
| >5–≤10 g/day (n = 1307) | 275(11.2) | 436(13.4) | 313(16.3) | 283(17.7) | |
| >10–≤40 g/day (n = 2298) | 477(19.5) | 823(25.3) | 534(27.7) | 464(29.0) | |
| >40 g/day (n = 240) | 44(1.8) | 86(2.6) | 50(2.6) | 60(3.7) | |
| Fruit (g/day)c | 250.0(246.1) | 213.4(211.4) | 200.9(193.7) | 216.1(191.5) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day)c | 178.4(158.1) | 161.7(133.8) | 161.3(134.9) | 154.7(124.7) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 (n = 4629) | 904(36.9) | 1666(51.3) | 1125(58.4) | 934(58.3) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 3077) | 895(36.5) | 1107(34.1) | 588(30.5) | 487(30.4) | |
| ≥3 kg/m2 (n = 1521) | 650(26.5) | 477(14.7) | 213(11.1) | 181(11.3) | |
| Total cholesterol n (%) | 0.142 | ||||
| <5.2 mmol/L (n = 2588) | 658(26.9) | 942(29.0) | 547(28.4) | 441(27.5) | |
| 5.2–6.21 mmol/L (n = 3297) | 875(35.7) | 1119(34.4) | 724(37.6) | 579(36.1) | |
| ≥6.2 mmol/L (n = 3342) | 916(37.4) | 1189(36.6) | 655(34.0) | 582(36.3) | |
| Hypertension n (%)d | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 6165) | 1588(64.8) | 2153(66.2) | 1372(71.2) | 1052(65.7) | |
| Yes (n = 3062) | 861(35.2) | 1097(33.8) | 554(28.8) | 550(34.3) | |
| History of diabetes n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No (n = 9028) | 2372(96.9) | 3183(97.9) | 1890(98.1) | 1583(98.8) | |
| Yes (n = 199) | 77(3.1) | 67(2.1) | 36(1.9) | 19(1.2) | |
| Smoking status n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never (n = 5217) | 1561(63.7) | 1831(56.3) | 1014(52.6) | 811(50.6) | |
| Former (n = 1974) | 359(14.7) | 704(21.7) | 475(24.7) | 436(27.2) | |
| Current (n = 2036) | 529(21.6) | 715(22.0) | 437(22.7) | 355(22.2) | |
P values are derived from a Kruskal Wallis or ANOVA test for continuous variables or from a Chi-square test for categorical variables;
Values for normally distributed variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation;
Values from non-normally distributed variables are expressed as median (interquartile range);
Hypertension definition is based on medical history and/or clinical measurements.
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