Characteristics of Participants With SARS-CoV-2–Positive Swab, Seropositive Participants (No Positive Swab), and Seronegative Participants (No Positive Swab)
| Variable . | Levels . | Positive NPS (n = 556) . | Only Seropositive (n = 228) . | Negative (n = 2550) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| Age (years) | Median (range) | 38.9 (16.8–63.5) | 37.9 (17.1–63.9) | 41.0 (16.5–72.6) |
| Sex | Male | 98 (18%) | 45 (20%) | 529 (21%) |
| Female | 453 (81%) | 182 (80%) | 2003 (79%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | Median (range) | 23.5 (16.5–47.3) | 23.8 (17.7–40.6) | 23.3 (14.3–50.0) |
| Pregnancy (females) | Yes | 24 (5%) | 9 (5%) | 67 (3%) |
| No | 386 (85%) | 158 (87%) | 1825 (91%) | |
| Social determinants (at baseline) | ||||
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | 550 (99%) | 225 (99%) | 2496 (98%) |
| Other | 6 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 54 (2%) | |
| Children ≤6 years in household | Yes | 97 (17%) | 34 (15%) | 429 (17%) |
| No | 459 (83%) | 194 (85%) | 2121 (83%) | |
| Social leisure activities | Sports club, yoga, gym | 240 (43%) | 103 (45%) | 1141 (45%) |
| Only other(s) | 178 (32%) | 68 (30%) | 810 (32%) | |
| None | 138 (25%) | 57 (25%) | 599 (23%) | |
| Risk profile (at baseline) | ||||
| Comorbidity | Yes (any disease) | 199 (36%) | 78 (34%) | 929 (36%) |
| Medication intake | Yes (any drug) | 262 (47%) | 111 (49%) | 1162 (46%) |
| Active smoking | Yes | 61 (11%) | 25 (11%) | 413 (16%) |
| No | 495 (89%) | 203 (89%) | 2137 (84%) | |
| Alcohol intake | >1 Drink/week | 219 (39%) | 85 (37%) | 1172 (46%) |
| ≤1 Drink/week | 337 (61%) | 143 (63%) | 1378 (54%) | |
| Work-related factors (at baseline) | ||||
| Profession | Nurse | 329 (59%) | 131 (57%) | 1033 (41%) |
| Physician | 70 (13%) | 25 (11%) | 428 (17%) | |
| Other | 141 (25%) | 59 (26%) | 980 (38%) | |
| Patient contact | Yes | 482 (87%) | 183 (80%) | 1924 (75%) |
| No | 52 (9%) | 25 (11%) | 473 (19%) | |
| Contacts with COVID-19 patients | >20 | 227 (41%) | 103 (45%) | 637 (25%) |
| 1−20 | 177 (32%) | 58 (25%) | 869 (34%) | |
| None | 79 (14%) | 40 (18%) | 806 (32%) | |
| Working in intensive care | Yes | 40 (7%) | 17 (7%) | 187 (7%) |
| No | 516 (93%) | 211 (93%) | 2363 (93%) | |
| Workload >80% | Yes | 304 (55%) | 140 (61%) | 1329 (52%) |
| No | 252 (45%) | 88 (39%) | 1221 (48%) | |
| COVID-19 history | ||||
| Serology | Positive | 453 (81%) | 228 (100%) | 0 |
| Negative | 56 (10%) | 0 | 2550 (100%) | |
| Nasopharyngeal swab(s) | Any positive | 556 (100%) | 0 | 0 |
| All negative | 0 | 113 (50%) | 1475 (58%) | |
| None reported | 0 | 115 (50%) | 1075 (42%) | |
| Mean no. of symptoms/week | Median (range) | 0.3 (0.0–4.2) | 0.1 (0.0–5.0) | 0.1 (0.0–4.0) |
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | Yes | 70 (13%) | 75 (33%) | 1123 (44%) |
| No | 486 (87%) | 153 (67%) | 1427 (56%) |
| Variable . | Levels . | Positive NPS (n = 556) . | Only Seropositive (n = 228) . | Negative (n = 2550) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| Age (years) | Median (range) | 38.9 (16.8–63.5) | 37.9 (17.1–63.9) | 41.0 (16.5–72.6) |
| Sex | Male | 98 (18%) | 45 (20%) | 529 (21%) |
| Female | 453 (81%) | 182 (80%) | 2003 (79%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | Median (range) | 23.5 (16.5–47.3) | 23.8 (17.7–40.6) | 23.3 (14.3–50.0) |
| Pregnancy (females) | Yes | 24 (5%) | 9 (5%) | 67 (3%) |
| No | 386 (85%) | 158 (87%) | 1825 (91%) | |
| Social determinants (at baseline) | ||||
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | 550 (99%) | 225 (99%) | 2496 (98%) |
| Other | 6 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 54 (2%) | |
| Children ≤6 years in household | Yes | 97 (17%) | 34 (15%) | 429 (17%) |
| No | 459 (83%) | 194 (85%) | 2121 (83%) | |
| Social leisure activities | Sports club, yoga, gym | 240 (43%) | 103 (45%) | 1141 (45%) |
| Only other(s) | 178 (32%) | 68 (30%) | 810 (32%) | |
| None | 138 (25%) | 57 (25%) | 599 (23%) | |
| Risk profile (at baseline) | ||||
| Comorbidity | Yes (any disease) | 199 (36%) | 78 (34%) | 929 (36%) |
| Medication intake | Yes (any drug) | 262 (47%) | 111 (49%) | 1162 (46%) |
| Active smoking | Yes | 61 (11%) | 25 (11%) | 413 (16%) |
| No | 495 (89%) | 203 (89%) | 2137 (84%) | |
| Alcohol intake | >1 Drink/week | 219 (39%) | 85 (37%) | 1172 (46%) |
| ≤1 Drink/week | 337 (61%) | 143 (63%) | 1378 (54%) | |
| Work-related factors (at baseline) | ||||
| Profession | Nurse | 329 (59%) | 131 (57%) | 1033 (41%) |
| Physician | 70 (13%) | 25 (11%) | 428 (17%) | |
| Other | 141 (25%) | 59 (26%) | 980 (38%) | |
| Patient contact | Yes | 482 (87%) | 183 (80%) | 1924 (75%) |
| No | 52 (9%) | 25 (11%) | 473 (19%) | |
| Contacts with COVID-19 patients | >20 | 227 (41%) | 103 (45%) | 637 (25%) |
| 1−20 | 177 (32%) | 58 (25%) | 869 (34%) | |
| None | 79 (14%) | 40 (18%) | 806 (32%) | |
| Working in intensive care | Yes | 40 (7%) | 17 (7%) | 187 (7%) |
| No | 516 (93%) | 211 (93%) | 2363 (93%) | |
| Workload >80% | Yes | 304 (55%) | 140 (61%) | 1329 (52%) |
| No | 252 (45%) | 88 (39%) | 1221 (48%) | |
| COVID-19 history | ||||
| Serology | Positive | 453 (81%) | 228 (100%) | 0 |
| Negative | 56 (10%) | 0 | 2550 (100%) | |
| Nasopharyngeal swab(s) | Any positive | 556 (100%) | 0 | 0 |
| All negative | 0 | 113 (50%) | 1475 (58%) | |
| None reported | 0 | 115 (50%) | 1075 (42%) | |
| Mean no. of symptoms/week | Median (range) | 0.3 (0.0–4.2) | 0.1 (0.0–5.0) | 0.1 (0.0–4.0) |
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | Yes | 70 (13%) | 75 (33%) | 1123 (44%) |
| No | 486 (87%) | 153 (67%) | 1427 (56%) |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NPS, nasopharyngeal swab; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Characteristics of Participants With SARS-CoV-2–Positive Swab, Seropositive Participants (No Positive Swab), and Seronegative Participants (No Positive Swab)
| Variable . | Levels . | Positive NPS (n = 556) . | Only Seropositive (n = 228) . | Negative (n = 2550) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| Age (years) | Median (range) | 38.9 (16.8–63.5) | 37.9 (17.1–63.9) | 41.0 (16.5–72.6) |
| Sex | Male | 98 (18%) | 45 (20%) | 529 (21%) |
| Female | 453 (81%) | 182 (80%) | 2003 (79%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | Median (range) | 23.5 (16.5–47.3) | 23.8 (17.7–40.6) | 23.3 (14.3–50.0) |
| Pregnancy (females) | Yes | 24 (5%) | 9 (5%) | 67 (3%) |
| No | 386 (85%) | 158 (87%) | 1825 (91%) | |
| Social determinants (at baseline) | ||||
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | 550 (99%) | 225 (99%) | 2496 (98%) |
| Other | 6 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 54 (2%) | |
| Children ≤6 years in household | Yes | 97 (17%) | 34 (15%) | 429 (17%) |
| No | 459 (83%) | 194 (85%) | 2121 (83%) | |
| Social leisure activities | Sports club, yoga, gym | 240 (43%) | 103 (45%) | 1141 (45%) |
| Only other(s) | 178 (32%) | 68 (30%) | 810 (32%) | |
| None | 138 (25%) | 57 (25%) | 599 (23%) | |
| Risk profile (at baseline) | ||||
| Comorbidity | Yes (any disease) | 199 (36%) | 78 (34%) | 929 (36%) |
| Medication intake | Yes (any drug) | 262 (47%) | 111 (49%) | 1162 (46%) |
| Active smoking | Yes | 61 (11%) | 25 (11%) | 413 (16%) |
| No | 495 (89%) | 203 (89%) | 2137 (84%) | |
| Alcohol intake | >1 Drink/week | 219 (39%) | 85 (37%) | 1172 (46%) |
| ≤1 Drink/week | 337 (61%) | 143 (63%) | 1378 (54%) | |
| Work-related factors (at baseline) | ||||
| Profession | Nurse | 329 (59%) | 131 (57%) | 1033 (41%) |
| Physician | 70 (13%) | 25 (11%) | 428 (17%) | |
| Other | 141 (25%) | 59 (26%) | 980 (38%) | |
| Patient contact | Yes | 482 (87%) | 183 (80%) | 1924 (75%) |
| No | 52 (9%) | 25 (11%) | 473 (19%) | |
| Contacts with COVID-19 patients | >20 | 227 (41%) | 103 (45%) | 637 (25%) |
| 1−20 | 177 (32%) | 58 (25%) | 869 (34%) | |
| None | 79 (14%) | 40 (18%) | 806 (32%) | |
| Working in intensive care | Yes | 40 (7%) | 17 (7%) | 187 (7%) |
| No | 516 (93%) | 211 (93%) | 2363 (93%) | |
| Workload >80% | Yes | 304 (55%) | 140 (61%) | 1329 (52%) |
| No | 252 (45%) | 88 (39%) | 1221 (48%) | |
| COVID-19 history | ||||
| Serology | Positive | 453 (81%) | 228 (100%) | 0 |
| Negative | 56 (10%) | 0 | 2550 (100%) | |
| Nasopharyngeal swab(s) | Any positive | 556 (100%) | 0 | 0 |
| All negative | 0 | 113 (50%) | 1475 (58%) | |
| None reported | 0 | 115 (50%) | 1075 (42%) | |
| Mean no. of symptoms/week | Median (range) | 0.3 (0.0–4.2) | 0.1 (0.0–5.0) | 0.1 (0.0–4.0) |
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | Yes | 70 (13%) | 75 (33%) | 1123 (44%) |
| No | 486 (87%) | 153 (67%) | 1427 (56%) |
| Variable . | Levels . | Positive NPS (n = 556) . | Only Seropositive (n = 228) . | Negative (n = 2550) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| Age (years) | Median (range) | 38.9 (16.8–63.5) | 37.9 (17.1–63.9) | 41.0 (16.5–72.6) |
| Sex | Male | 98 (18%) | 45 (20%) | 529 (21%) |
| Female | 453 (81%) | 182 (80%) | 2003 (79%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | Median (range) | 23.5 (16.5–47.3) | 23.8 (17.7–40.6) | 23.3 (14.3–50.0) |
| Pregnancy (females) | Yes | 24 (5%) | 9 (5%) | 67 (3%) |
| No | 386 (85%) | 158 (87%) | 1825 (91%) | |
| Social determinants (at baseline) | ||||
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | 550 (99%) | 225 (99%) | 2496 (98%) |
| Other | 6 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 54 (2%) | |
| Children ≤6 years in household | Yes | 97 (17%) | 34 (15%) | 429 (17%) |
| No | 459 (83%) | 194 (85%) | 2121 (83%) | |
| Social leisure activities | Sports club, yoga, gym | 240 (43%) | 103 (45%) | 1141 (45%) |
| Only other(s) | 178 (32%) | 68 (30%) | 810 (32%) | |
| None | 138 (25%) | 57 (25%) | 599 (23%) | |
| Risk profile (at baseline) | ||||
| Comorbidity | Yes (any disease) | 199 (36%) | 78 (34%) | 929 (36%) |
| Medication intake | Yes (any drug) | 262 (47%) | 111 (49%) | 1162 (46%) |
| Active smoking | Yes | 61 (11%) | 25 (11%) | 413 (16%) |
| No | 495 (89%) | 203 (89%) | 2137 (84%) | |
| Alcohol intake | >1 Drink/week | 219 (39%) | 85 (37%) | 1172 (46%) |
| ≤1 Drink/week | 337 (61%) | 143 (63%) | 1378 (54%) | |
| Work-related factors (at baseline) | ||||
| Profession | Nurse | 329 (59%) | 131 (57%) | 1033 (41%) |
| Physician | 70 (13%) | 25 (11%) | 428 (17%) | |
| Other | 141 (25%) | 59 (26%) | 980 (38%) | |
| Patient contact | Yes | 482 (87%) | 183 (80%) | 1924 (75%) |
| No | 52 (9%) | 25 (11%) | 473 (19%) | |
| Contacts with COVID-19 patients | >20 | 227 (41%) | 103 (45%) | 637 (25%) |
| 1−20 | 177 (32%) | 58 (25%) | 869 (34%) | |
| None | 79 (14%) | 40 (18%) | 806 (32%) | |
| Working in intensive care | Yes | 40 (7%) | 17 (7%) | 187 (7%) |
| No | 516 (93%) | 211 (93%) | 2363 (93%) | |
| Workload >80% | Yes | 304 (55%) | 140 (61%) | 1329 (52%) |
| No | 252 (45%) | 88 (39%) | 1221 (48%) | |
| COVID-19 history | ||||
| Serology | Positive | 453 (81%) | 228 (100%) | 0 |
| Negative | 56 (10%) | 0 | 2550 (100%) | |
| Nasopharyngeal swab(s) | Any positive | 556 (100%) | 0 | 0 |
| All negative | 0 | 113 (50%) | 1475 (58%) | |
| None reported | 0 | 115 (50%) | 1075 (42%) | |
| Mean no. of symptoms/week | Median (range) | 0.3 (0.0–4.2) | 0.1 (0.0–5.0) | 0.1 (0.0–4.0) |
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | Yes | 70 (13%) | 75 (33%) | 1123 (44%) |
| No | 486 (87%) | 153 (67%) | 1427 (56%) |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NPS, nasopharyngeal swab; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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