Table 2 Open in new tab Phenotypic...

Source

Proposed cell marker combinations

References

Bone marrow

BM-haematopoietic stem cells
Positive markers: CD34, CD90
Negative markers: CD45RA, CD38

⁵⁹

BM-mesenchymal stromal cells
Positive markers: CD105, CD73, CD90,
Negative markers: CD45, CD34, CD14, CD11B, CD79A, CD19, HLA-DR

⁶⁰

Adipose tissue

Adipose-mesenchymal stromal cells
Positive markers: CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD34, CD13
Negative markers: CD31, CD45, CD235a
Adipose-stromal vascular fraction
Positive markers: CD34, CD73, CD13, CD90, CD105, CD29
Negative markers: CD31, CD45 CD44, CD235a

^29,^30,⁶¹

Cardiac tissue

Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs)
Positive markers: CD105, CD90, CD29, CD34, CD31, CD117^low
Negative markers: CD45

^36,^62,⁶³

CD117+ C-kit-positive cells (CPCs)
Positive markers: CD117, Abcg2, CD105, CD166, GATA4, MEF2C
Negative markers: CD34, CD45, lsl-1, CD31, NKX2-5

³³

Epicardium-derived cells
Positive markers: CD34, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD46
Negative markers: CD45, CD117

³³

Cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs)
Positive markers: CD44, CD105, CD29, CD73, CD106, CD90,
Negative markers: CD45, CD31, CD34, CD117, CD14, CD146, HLA-DR

^19,^35,⁴⁰

Side population cells
Positive markers: CD34, CD45, Abcg2, CD117
Negative markers: NKX2-5, GATA4

³³

Peripheral blood

^a,^bPB-endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs)
Positive markers: CD31, CD105, CD146
Negative markers: CD45, CD14

⁴¹

PB-myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs)
Positive markers: CD45, CD14, CD31
Negative markers: CD146, CD34

⁴¹

Circulating endothelia cells
Positive markers: CD34, VEGF, CD146
Negative Markers: CD45, CD133

⁴²

Table 2

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Phenotypic characterization of BM, peripheral blood, adipose, and cardiac tissue-derived cells based on cell markers

Source	Proposed cell marker combinations	References
Bone marrow	BM-haematopoietic stem cells Positive markers: CD34, CD90 Negative markers: CD45RA, CD38	⁵⁹
Bone marrow	BM-mesenchymal stromal cells Positive markers: CD105, CD73, CD90, Negative markers: CD45, CD34, CD14, CD11B, CD79A, CD19, HLA-DR	⁶⁰

Adipose tissue	Adipose-mesenchymal stromal cells Positive markers: CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD34, CD13 Negative markers: CD31, CD45, CD235a Adipose-stromal vascular fraction Positive markers: CD34, CD73, CD13, CD90, CD105, CD29 Negative markers: CD31, CD45 CD44, CD235a	^29,^30,⁶¹

Cardiac tissue	Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) Positive markers: CD105, CD90, CD29, CD34, CD31, CD117^low Negative markers: CD45	^36,^62,⁶³
	CD117+ C-kit-positive cells (CPCs) Positive markers: CD117, Abcg2, CD105, CD166, GATA4, MEF2C Negative markers: CD34, CD45, lsl-1, CD31, NKX2-5	³³
	Epicardium-derived cells Positive markers: CD34, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD46 Negative markers: CD45, CD117	³³
	Cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs) Positive markers: CD44, CD105, CD29, CD73, CD106, CD90, Negative markers: CD45, CD31, CD34, CD117, CD14, CD146, HLA-DR	^19,^35,⁴⁰
	Side population cells Positive markers: CD34, CD45, Abcg2, CD117 Negative markers: NKX2-5, GATA4	³³

Peripheral blood	^a,^bPB-endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) Positive markers: CD31, CD105, CD146 Negative markers: CD45, CD14	⁴¹
	PB-myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) Positive markers: CD45, CD14, CD31 Negative markers: CD146, CD34	⁴¹
	Circulating endothelia cells Positive markers: CD34, VEGF, CD146 Negative Markers: CD45, CD133	⁴²

Source	Proposed cell marker combinations	References
Bone marrow	BM-haematopoietic stem cells Positive markers: CD34, CD90 Negative markers: CD45RA, CD38	⁵⁹
Bone marrow	BM-mesenchymal stromal cells Positive markers: CD105, CD73, CD90, Negative markers: CD45, CD34, CD14, CD11B, CD79A, CD19, HLA-DR	⁶⁰

Adipose tissue	Adipose-mesenchymal stromal cells Positive markers: CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD34, CD13 Negative markers: CD31, CD45, CD235a Adipose-stromal vascular fraction Positive markers: CD34, CD73, CD13, CD90, CD105, CD29 Negative markers: CD31, CD45 CD44, CD235a	^29,^30,⁶¹

Cardiac tissue	Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) Positive markers: CD105, CD90, CD29, CD34, CD31, CD117^low Negative markers: CD45	^36,^62,⁶³
	CD117+ C-kit-positive cells (CPCs) Positive markers: CD117, Abcg2, CD105, CD166, GATA4, MEF2C Negative markers: CD34, CD45, lsl-1, CD31, NKX2-5	³³
	Epicardium-derived cells Positive markers: CD34, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD46 Negative markers: CD45, CD117	³³
	Cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs) Positive markers: CD44, CD105, CD29, CD73, CD106, CD90, Negative markers: CD45, CD31, CD34, CD117, CD14, CD146, HLA-DR	^19,^35,⁴⁰
	Side population cells Positive markers: CD34, CD45, Abcg2, CD117 Negative markers: NKX2-5, GATA4	³³

Peripheral blood	^a,^bPB-endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) Positive markers: CD31, CD105, CD146 Negative markers: CD45, CD14	⁴¹
	PB-myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) Positive markers: CD45, CD14, CD31 Negative markers: CD146, CD34	⁴¹
	Circulating endothelia cells Positive markers: CD34, VEGF, CD146 Negative Markers: CD45, CD133	⁴²

Source of endothelial progenitor cells is unclear and warrant future investigation.^64,⁶⁵

The term endothelial progenitor cell should be strictly reserved for cells with an endothelial phenotype, self-renewal potential, and capacity for de novo, in vivo blood vessel formation.⁴¹

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