Notes: This table presents estimates from regressions of candidates’ gender on an ex-post proxy for contestable districts, and control variables. Races are ex-post tight when the vote margin between parties in the runoff of the Parliamentary election was between −3 and +3 percentage points. In panel A (respectively, B), we analyze the 1997 election (respectively, 2002 election). Regressions include election × party fixed effects. Columns (2)–(5) include the vote share obtained by the candidate in the runoff. Columns (3)–(5) include candidates’ age, and dummies for elite university education and high-skill occupations. Columns (4) and (5) include dummies for incumbents, first-time candidates, former government members, and local mandate as additional controls. Column (5) also controls for residualized gender earnings gaps in the same district in the year before the election. The sample is restricted to candidates from the main Left and Right party coalitions. Standard errors presented in parentheses are clustered at both the candidate and district–election levels. *, **, and *** denote significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively.