| Baseline variables . | All (N = 156) . | No event (N = 131) . | Event (N = 25) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVAS (0–1) | 0.53 (0.31) | 0.51 (0.33) | 0.65 (0.23) | >0.001 * |
| Age (years) | 58.0 (19.3) | 58.9 (19.3) | 52.8 (14.5) | 0.18 |
| Male sex | 128 (82.1%) | 107 (81.7%) | 21 (84.0%) | 0.99 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 0.88 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 71.0 (21.3) | 71.0 (22.0) | 70.0 (18.0) | 0.28 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.0 (27.2) | 124.0 (27.5) | 120.0 (20.0) | 0.63 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.5 (18.2) | 73.0 (17.5) | 72.0 (19.0) | 0.85 |
| Moderate alcohol excess | 25 (16.0%) | 18 (13.7%) | 7 (28.0%) | 0.14 |
| Non-smokera | 77 (49.4%) | 67 (51.1%) | 10 (40.0%) | 0.40 |
| Smokera | 15 (10.1%) | 11 (8.8%) | 4 (17.4%) | – |
| Ex-smokera | 56 (37.8%) | 47 (37.6%) | 9 (39.1%) | – |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| History of atrial fibrillationa | 43 (32.3%) | 38 (33.9%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.45 |
| Mitral regurgitationa | 88 (57.5%) | 75 (58.6%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.66 |
| Diabetes | 22 (14.1%) | 18 (13.7%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0.99 |
| Left bundle branch block | 37 (23.7%) | 31 (23.7%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0.83 |
| NYHA functional class | ||||
| I/II | 129 (82.7%) | 111 (84.7%) | 18 (72.0%) | 0.21 |
| III/IV | 27 (17.3%) | 20 (15.3%) | 7 (28.0%) | – |
| Medications | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 128 (82.1%) | 105 (80.2%) | 23 (92.0%) | 0.26 |
| Ace inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 137 (87.8%) | 114 (87.0%) | 23 (92.0%) | 0.72 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 72 (46.2%) | 63 (48.1%) | 9 (36.0%) | 0.37 |
| Loop diuretic | 86 (55.1%) | 73 (55.7%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.90 |
| CMR measurements | ||||
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 38.0 (18.2) | 37.0 (18.0) | 38.0 (20.0) | 0.54 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 255.2 (103.6) | 256.6 (103.5) | 242.8 (97.7) | 0.9 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 125.0 (53.2) | 125.0 (54.5) | 126.0 (50.0) | 0.87 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 96.0 (37.2) | 94.0 (38.0) | 101.0 (31.0) | 0.11 |
| RV ejection fraction (%) | 54.5 (18.2) | 53.0 (19.5) | 57.0 (10.0) | 0.42 |
| LGE volume (cm3) | 7.0 (6.6) | 6.5 (6.8) | 8.5 (5.1) | 0.26 |
| LV geometry metrics | ||||
| Sphericity | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.67 (0.30) | 0.38 |
| Length (mm) | 88.5 (17.1) | 88.3 (17.4) | 89.4 (15.2) | 0.63 |
| Mean wall thickness (mm) | 7.4 (1.7) | 7.3 (1.8) | 7.6 (1.4) | 0.51 |
| Baseline variables . | All (N = 156) . | No event (N = 131) . | Event (N = 25) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVAS (0–1) | 0.53 (0.31) | 0.51 (0.33) | 0.65 (0.23) | >0.001 * |
| Age (years) | 58.0 (19.3) | 58.9 (19.3) | 52.8 (14.5) | 0.18 |
| Male sex | 128 (82.1%) | 107 (81.7%) | 21 (84.0%) | 0.99 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 0.88 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 71.0 (21.3) | 71.0 (22.0) | 70.0 (18.0) | 0.28 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.0 (27.2) | 124.0 (27.5) | 120.0 (20.0) | 0.63 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.5 (18.2) | 73.0 (17.5) | 72.0 (19.0) | 0.85 |
| Moderate alcohol excess | 25 (16.0%) | 18 (13.7%) | 7 (28.0%) | 0.14 |
| Non-smokera | 77 (49.4%) | 67 (51.1%) | 10 (40.0%) | 0.40 |
| Smokera | 15 (10.1%) | 11 (8.8%) | 4 (17.4%) | – |
| Ex-smokera | 56 (37.8%) | 47 (37.6%) | 9 (39.1%) | – |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| History of atrial fibrillationa | 43 (32.3%) | 38 (33.9%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.45 |
| Mitral regurgitationa | 88 (57.5%) | 75 (58.6%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.66 |
| Diabetes | 22 (14.1%) | 18 (13.7%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0.99 |
| Left bundle branch block | 37 (23.7%) | 31 (23.7%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0.83 |
| NYHA functional class | ||||
| I/II | 129 (82.7%) | 111 (84.7%) | 18 (72.0%) | 0.21 |
| III/IV | 27 (17.3%) | 20 (15.3%) | 7 (28.0%) | – |
| Medications | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 128 (82.1%) | 105 (80.2%) | 23 (92.0%) | 0.26 |
| Ace inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 137 (87.8%) | 114 (87.0%) | 23 (92.0%) | 0.72 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 72 (46.2%) | 63 (48.1%) | 9 (36.0%) | 0.37 |
| Loop diuretic | 86 (55.1%) | 73 (55.7%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.90 |
| CMR measurements | ||||
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 38.0 (18.2) | 37.0 (18.0) | 38.0 (20.0) | 0.54 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 255.2 (103.6) | 256.6 (103.5) | 242.8 (97.7) | 0.9 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 125.0 (53.2) | 125.0 (54.5) | 126.0 (50.0) | 0.87 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 96.0 (37.2) | 94.0 (38.0) | 101.0 (31.0) | 0.11 |
| RV ejection fraction (%) | 54.5 (18.2) | 53.0 (19.5) | 57.0 (10.0) | 0.42 |
| LGE volume (cm3) | 7.0 (6.6) | 6.5 (6.8) | 8.5 (5.1) | 0.26 |
| LV geometry metrics | ||||
| Sphericity | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.67 (0.30) | 0.38 |
| Length (mm) | 88.5 (17.1) | 88.3 (17.4) | 89.4 (15.2) | 0.63 |
| Mean wall thickness (mm) | 7.4 (1.7) | 7.3 (1.8) | 7.6 (1.4) | 0.51 |
Numerical data are median (IQR), compared with Mann–Whitney tests. Categorical data are frequency (%), compared with χ2 contingency tests.
LVAS, left ventricular arrhythmic shape score.
Presence of missing data: smoking status 8 (5.1%), history of atrial fibrillation 23 (14.7%), and mitral regurgitation 3 (2%), compared with available data.
P < 0.05.
| Baseline variables . | All (N = 156) . | No event (N = 131) . | Event (N = 25) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVAS (0–1) | 0.53 (0.31) | 0.51 (0.33) | 0.65 (0.23) | >0.001 * |
| Age (years) | 58.0 (19.3) | 58.9 (19.3) | 52.8 (14.5) | 0.18 |
| Male sex | 128 (82.1%) | 107 (81.7%) | 21 (84.0%) | 0.99 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 0.88 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 71.0 (21.3) | 71.0 (22.0) | 70.0 (18.0) | 0.28 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.0 (27.2) | 124.0 (27.5) | 120.0 (20.0) | 0.63 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.5 (18.2) | 73.0 (17.5) | 72.0 (19.0) | 0.85 |
| Moderate alcohol excess | 25 (16.0%) | 18 (13.7%) | 7 (28.0%) | 0.14 |
| Non-smokera | 77 (49.4%) | 67 (51.1%) | 10 (40.0%) | 0.40 |
| Smokera | 15 (10.1%) | 11 (8.8%) | 4 (17.4%) | – |
| Ex-smokera | 56 (37.8%) | 47 (37.6%) | 9 (39.1%) | – |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| History of atrial fibrillationa | 43 (32.3%) | 38 (33.9%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.45 |
| Mitral regurgitationa | 88 (57.5%) | 75 (58.6%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.66 |
| Diabetes | 22 (14.1%) | 18 (13.7%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0.99 |
| Left bundle branch block | 37 (23.7%) | 31 (23.7%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0.83 |
| NYHA functional class | ||||
| I/II | 129 (82.7%) | 111 (84.7%) | 18 (72.0%) | 0.21 |
| III/IV | 27 (17.3%) | 20 (15.3%) | 7 (28.0%) | – |
| Medications | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 128 (82.1%) | 105 (80.2%) | 23 (92.0%) | 0.26 |
| Ace inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 137 (87.8%) | 114 (87.0%) | 23 (92.0%) | 0.72 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 72 (46.2%) | 63 (48.1%) | 9 (36.0%) | 0.37 |
| Loop diuretic | 86 (55.1%) | 73 (55.7%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.90 |
| CMR measurements | ||||
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 38.0 (18.2) | 37.0 (18.0) | 38.0 (20.0) | 0.54 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 255.2 (103.6) | 256.6 (103.5) | 242.8 (97.7) | 0.9 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 125.0 (53.2) | 125.0 (54.5) | 126.0 (50.0) | 0.87 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 96.0 (37.2) | 94.0 (38.0) | 101.0 (31.0) | 0.11 |
| RV ejection fraction (%) | 54.5 (18.2) | 53.0 (19.5) | 57.0 (10.0) | 0.42 |
| LGE volume (cm3) | 7.0 (6.6) | 6.5 (6.8) | 8.5 (5.1) | 0.26 |
| LV geometry metrics | ||||
| Sphericity | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.67 (0.30) | 0.38 |
| Length (mm) | 88.5 (17.1) | 88.3 (17.4) | 89.4 (15.2) | 0.63 |
| Mean wall thickness (mm) | 7.4 (1.7) | 7.3 (1.8) | 7.6 (1.4) | 0.51 |
| Baseline variables . | All (N = 156) . | No event (N = 131) . | Event (N = 25) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVAS (0–1) | 0.53 (0.31) | 0.51 (0.33) | 0.65 (0.23) | >0.001 * |
| Age (years) | 58.0 (19.3) | 58.9 (19.3) | 52.8 (14.5) | 0.18 |
| Male sex | 128 (82.1%) | 107 (81.7%) | 21 (84.0%) | 0.99 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.3) | 0.88 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 71.0 (21.3) | 71.0 (22.0) | 70.0 (18.0) | 0.28 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.0 (27.2) | 124.0 (27.5) | 120.0 (20.0) | 0.63 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.5 (18.2) | 73.0 (17.5) | 72.0 (19.0) | 0.85 |
| Moderate alcohol excess | 25 (16.0%) | 18 (13.7%) | 7 (28.0%) | 0.14 |
| Non-smokera | 77 (49.4%) | 67 (51.1%) | 10 (40.0%) | 0.40 |
| Smokera | 15 (10.1%) | 11 (8.8%) | 4 (17.4%) | – |
| Ex-smokera | 56 (37.8%) | 47 (37.6%) | 9 (39.1%) | – |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| History of atrial fibrillationa | 43 (32.3%) | 38 (33.9%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.45 |
| Mitral regurgitationa | 88 (57.5%) | 75 (58.6%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.66 |
| Diabetes | 22 (14.1%) | 18 (13.7%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0.99 |
| Left bundle branch block | 37 (23.7%) | 31 (23.7%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0.83 |
| NYHA functional class | ||||
| I/II | 129 (82.7%) | 111 (84.7%) | 18 (72.0%) | 0.21 |
| III/IV | 27 (17.3%) | 20 (15.3%) | 7 (28.0%) | – |
| Medications | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 128 (82.1%) | 105 (80.2%) | 23 (92.0%) | 0.26 |
| Ace inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 137 (87.8%) | 114 (87.0%) | 23 (92.0%) | 0.72 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 72 (46.2%) | 63 (48.1%) | 9 (36.0%) | 0.37 |
| Loop diuretic | 86 (55.1%) | 73 (55.7%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.90 |
| CMR measurements | ||||
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 38.0 (18.2) | 37.0 (18.0) | 38.0 (20.0) | 0.54 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 255.2 (103.6) | 256.6 (103.5) | 242.8 (97.7) | 0.9 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 125.0 (53.2) | 125.0 (54.5) | 126.0 (50.0) | 0.87 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 96.0 (37.2) | 94.0 (38.0) | 101.0 (31.0) | 0.11 |
| RV ejection fraction (%) | 54.5 (18.2) | 53.0 (19.5) | 57.0 (10.0) | 0.42 |
| LGE volume (cm3) | 7.0 (6.6) | 6.5 (6.8) | 8.5 (5.1) | 0.26 |
| LV geometry metrics | ||||
| Sphericity | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.67 (0.30) | 0.38 |
| Length (mm) | 88.5 (17.1) | 88.3 (17.4) | 89.4 (15.2) | 0.63 |
| Mean wall thickness (mm) | 7.4 (1.7) | 7.3 (1.8) | 7.6 (1.4) | 0.51 |
Numerical data are median (IQR), compared with Mann–Whitney tests. Categorical data are frequency (%), compared with χ2 contingency tests.
LVAS, left ventricular arrhythmic shape score.
Presence of missing data: smoking status 8 (5.1%), history of atrial fibrillation 23 (14.7%), and mitral regurgitation 3 (2%), compared with available data.
P < 0.05.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
