Table 1: Open in new tab Patient...

	Overall	Era I (≤2014)	Era II (≥2015)
Age (years)				0.523
Median (range)	8 (0–19)	9 (0–19)	8 (0–19)
Mean ± SD	8.13 ± 6.53	8.37 ± 6.85	7.97 ± 6.32
Age categories (years), n (%)				0.068
<1 y	90 (19.52)	42 (23.20)	48 (17.14)
1–5 y	110 (23.86)	37 (20.44)	73 (26.07)
6–10 y	68 (14.75)	20 (11.05)	48 (17.14)
11–19 y	193 (41.87)	82 (45.30)	111 (39.64)
Sex, n (%)				0.663
Male	254 (55.10)	102 (56.35)	152 (54.29)
Female	207 (44.90)	79 (43.65)	128 (45.71)
Weight, n (%)				0.102
<5 kg	40 (8.8)	22 (12.15)	18 (6.43)
5–9 kg	84 (18.22)	37 (20.44)	47 (16.79)
10–20 kg	95 (20.1)	32 (17.68)	63 (22.50)
21–40 kg	87 (18.87)	29 (16.02)	58 (20.71)
41–70 kg	108 (23.43)	45 (24.86)	63 (22.50)
71–100 kg	38 (8.24)	15 (8.29)	23 (8.21)
>101 kg	9 (1.95)	1 (0.55)	8 (2.86)
Body surface area (m²)				0.076
Median (range)	0.86 (0–12.57)	0.78 (0–2.93)	0.89 (0–12.57)
Mean ± SD	0.99 ± 0.93	0.91 ± 0.64	1.05 ± 1.08
Body mass index (kg/m²)				0.193
Median (range)	15.28 (0–127.31)	15.05 (0–127.31)	15.47 (0–37.65)
Mean ± SD	15.52 ± 8.36	14.81 ± 11.12	15.99 ± 5.81
Total bilirubin levels (mg/dl)				0.33
Median (range)	0.48 (0–25)	0.41 (0–25)	0.52 (0–25)
Mean ± SD	1.21 ± 2.72	1.06 ± 2.53	1.31 ± 2.84
Creatinine (mg/dl)				0.21
Median (range)	0 (0–2.5)	0 (0 2.5)	0 (0–1.6)
Mean ± SD	0.07 ± 0.25	0.09 ± 0.30	0.06 ± 0.21
Primary diagnosis, n (%)				0.357
Dilated cardiomyopathy	247 (53.58)	90 (49.72)	157 (56.07))
Congenital heart disease	69 (14.97)	33 (18.23)	36 (12.86)
Myocarditis	65 (14.01)	26 (14.36)	39 (13.93)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy	20 (4.34)	6 (3.31)	14 (5.00)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	5 (1.08)	2 (1.10)	3 (1.07)
Valvular heart disease	4 (0.87)		4 (1.43)
Cancer	1 (0.22)		1 (0.36)
Unknown	50 (10.85)	24 (13.26)	26 (9.29)
INTERMACS patient profile, n (%)				0.255
INTERMACS 1	122 (26.52)	51 (28.18)	71 (25.36)
INTERMACS 2	228 (49.46)	87 (48.07)	141 (50.36)
INTERMACS 3	67 (14.53)	33 (18.23)	34 (12.14)
INTERMACS 4	21 (4.56)	7 (3.87)	14 (5.00)
INTERMACS 5–7	12 (2.60)	2 (1.10)	10 (3.57)
Unknown	11 (2.39)	1 (0.55)	10 (3.57)
Number of inotropes, n (%)				0.227
0	53 (11.50)	19 (10.50)	34 (12.14)
None—2	225 (48.81)	80 (44.20)	145 (51.79)
3–4	72 (15.62)	33 (18.23)	39 (13.93)
≥5	4 (0.87)	3 (1.66)	1 (0.36)
Unknown	107 (23.21)	46 (25.41)	61 (21.79)
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)	125 (27.11)	42 (23.20)	83 (29.64)	0.047
Circulatory support, n (%)
IABP	6 (1.30)	4 (2.21)	2 (0.71)	0.228
ECLS	86 (18.66)	27 (14.92)	59 (21.07)	0.043
Device type, n (%)				0.002
LVAD	369 (80.04)	133 (73.48)	236 (84.29)
RVAD	10 (2.17)	3 (1.66)	7 (2.50)
BiVAD	77 (16.70)	44 (24.31)	33 (11.79)
Total artificial heart	2 (0.43)		2 (0.71)
Unknown	3 (0.65)	1 (0.55)	2 (0.71)
Current device strategy, n (%)				0.535
Bridge to transplantation listed	291 (63.12)	113 (62.43)	178 (63.57)
Possible bridge to transplant	117 (25.38)	44 (24.31)	73 (26.07)
Destination therapy	1 (0.22)		1 (0.36)
Bridge to recovery	25 (5.42)	12 (6.63)	13 (4.64)
Other	23 (4.99)	12 (6.63)	11 (3.93)
Unknown	4 (0.87)		4 (1.43)
Device Brand, n (%)				0.000
HeartAssist 5	2 (0.43)	1 (0.55)	1 (0.36)
HeartMate II	17 (3.69)	13 (7.18)	4 (1.43)
HeartWare HVAD	125 (27.11)	40 (22.1)	85 (30.36)
HeartMate 3	19 (4.12)		19 (6.79)
HeartWare MVAD	1 (0.22)	1 (0.55)
Berlin Heart INCOR	3 (0.65)		3 (1.07)
Berlin Heart EXCOR	246 (53.36)	109 (60.22)	137 (48.93)
Thoratec PVAD	5 (1.08)	5 (2.76)
Other^a	43 (9.33)	12 (6.63)	31 (11.07)

Overall

Era I (≤2014)

Era II (≥2015)

(n = 461)

(n = 181)

(n = 280)

P-value

Age (years)

0.523

Median (range)

8 (0–19)

9 (0–19)

8 (0–19)

Mean ± SD

8.13 ± 6.53

8.37 ± 6.85

7.97 ± 6.32

Age categories (years), n (%)

0.068

<1 y

90 (19.52)

42 (23.20)

48 (17.14)

1–5 y

110 (23.86)

37 (20.44)

73 (26.07)

6–10 y

68 (14.75)

20 (11.05)

48 (17.14)

11–19 y

193 (41.87)

82 (45.30)

111 (39.64)

Sex, n (%)

0.663

Male

254 (55.10)

102 (56.35)

152 (54.29)

Female

207 (44.90)

79 (43.65)

128 (45.71)

Weight, n (%)

0.102

<5 kg

40 (8.8)

22 (12.15)

18 (6.43)

5–9 kg

84 (18.22)

37 (20.44)

47 (16.79)

10–20 kg

95 (20.1)

32 (17.68)

63 (22.50)

21–40 kg

87 (18.87)

29 (16.02)

58 (20.71)

41–70 kg

108 (23.43)

45 (24.86)

63 (22.50)

71–100 kg

38 (8.24)

15 (8.29)

23 (8.21)

>101 kg

9 (1.95)

1 (0.55)

8 (2.86)

Body surface area (m²)

0.076

Median (range)

0.86 (0–12.57)

0.78 (0–2.93)

0.89 (0–12.57)

Mean ± SD

0.99 ± 0.93

0.91 ± 0.64

1.05 ± 1.08

Body mass index (kg/m²)

0.193

Median (range)

15.28 (0–127.31)

15.05 (0–127.31)

15.47 (0–37.65)

Mean ± SD

15.52 ± 8.36

14.81 ± 11.12

15.99 ± 5.81

Total bilirubin levels (mg/dl)

0.33

Median (range)

0.48 (0–25)

0.41 (0–25)

0.52 (0–25)

Mean ± SD

1.21 ± 2.72

1.06 ± 2.53

1.31 ± 2.84

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.21

Median (range)

0 (0–2.5)

0 (0 2.5)

0 (0–1.6)

Mean ± SD

0.07 ± 0.25

0.09 ± 0.30

0.06 ± 0.21

Primary diagnosis, n (%)

0.357

Dilated cardiomyopathy

247 (53.58)

90 (49.72)

157 (56.07))

Congenital heart disease

69 (14.97)

33 (18.23)

36 (12.86)

Myocarditis

65 (14.01)

26 (14.36)

39 (13.93)

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

20 (4.34)

6 (3.31)

14 (5.00)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

5 (1.08)

2 (1.10)

3 (1.07)

Valvular heart disease

4 (0.87)

4 (1.43)

Cancer

1 (0.22)

1 (0.36)

Unknown

50 (10.85)

24 (13.26)

26 (9.29)

INTERMACS patient profile, n (%)

0.255

INTERMACS 1

122 (26.52)

51 (28.18)

71 (25.36)

INTERMACS 2

228 (49.46)

87 (48.07)

141 (50.36)

INTERMACS 3

67 (14.53)

33 (18.23)

34 (12.14)

INTERMACS 4

21 (4.56)

7 (3.87)

14 (5.00)

INTERMACS 5–7

12 (2.60)

2 (1.10)

10 (3.57)

Unknown

11 (2.39)

1 (0.55)

10 (3.57)

Number of inotropes, n (%)

0.227

53 (11.50)

19 (10.50)

34 (12.14)

None—2

225 (48.81)

80 (44.20)

145 (51.79)

3–4

72 (15.62)

33 (18.23)

39 (13.93)

≥5

4 (0.87)

3 (1.66)

1 (0.36)

Unknown

107 (23.21)

46 (25.41)

61 (21.79)

Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

125 (27.11)

42 (23.20)

83 (29.64)

0.047

Circulatory support, n (%)

IABP

6 (1.30)

4 (2.21)

2 (0.71)

0.228

ECLS

86 (18.66)

27 (14.92)

59 (21.07)

0.043

Device type, n (%)

0.002

LVAD

369 (80.04)

133 (73.48)

236 (84.29)

RVAD

10 (2.17)

3 (1.66)

7 (2.50)

BiVAD

77 (16.70)

44 (24.31)

33 (11.79)

Total artificial heart

2 (0.43)

2 (0.71)

Unknown

3 (0.65)

1 (0.55)

2 (0.71)

Current device strategy, n (%)

0.535

Bridge to transplantation listed

291 (63.12)

113 (62.43)

178 (63.57)

Possible bridge to transplant

117 (25.38)

44 (24.31)

73 (26.07)

Destination therapy

1 (0.22)

1 (0.36)

Bridge to recovery

25 (5.42)

12 (6.63)

13 (4.64)

Other

23 (4.99)

12 (6.63)

11 (3.93)

Unknown

4 (0.87)

4 (1.43)

Device Brand, n (%)

0.000

HeartAssist 5

2 (0.43)

1 (0.55)

1 (0.36)

HeartMate II

17 (3.69)

13 (7.18)

4 (1.43)

HeartWare HVAD

125 (27.11)

40 (22.1)

85 (30.36)

HeartMate 3

19 (4.12)

19 (6.79)

HeartWare MVAD

1 (0.22)

1 (0.55)

Berlin Heart INCOR

3 (0.65)

3 (1.07)

Berlin Heart EXCOR

246 (53.36)

109 (60.22)

137 (48.93)

Thoratec PVAD

5 (1.08)

5 (2.76)

Other^a

43 (9.33)

12 (6.63)

31 (11.07)

	Overall	Era I (≤2014)	Era II (≥2015)
Age (years)				0.523
Median (range)	8 (0–19)	9 (0–19)	8 (0–19)
Mean ± SD	8.13 ± 6.53	8.37 ± 6.85	7.97 ± 6.32
Age categories (years), n (%)				0.068
<1 y	90 (19.52)	42 (23.20)	48 (17.14)
1–5 y	110 (23.86)	37 (20.44)	73 (26.07)
6–10 y	68 (14.75)	20 (11.05)	48 (17.14)
11–19 y	193 (41.87)	82 (45.30)	111 (39.64)
Sex, n (%)				0.663
Male	254 (55.10)	102 (56.35)	152 (54.29)
Female	207 (44.90)	79 (43.65)	128 (45.71)
Weight, n (%)				0.102
<5 kg	40 (8.8)	22 (12.15)	18 (6.43)
5–9 kg	84 (18.22)	37 (20.44)	47 (16.79)
10–20 kg	95 (20.1)	32 (17.68)	63 (22.50)
21–40 kg	87 (18.87)	29 (16.02)	58 (20.71)
41–70 kg	108 (23.43)	45 (24.86)	63 (22.50)
71–100 kg	38 (8.24)	15 (8.29)	23 (8.21)
>101 kg	9 (1.95)	1 (0.55)	8 (2.86)
Body surface area (m²)				0.076
Median (range)	0.86 (0–12.57)	0.78 (0–2.93)	0.89 (0–12.57)
Mean ± SD	0.99 ± 0.93	0.91 ± 0.64	1.05 ± 1.08
Body mass index (kg/m²)				0.193
Median (range)	15.28 (0–127.31)	15.05 (0–127.31)	15.47 (0–37.65)
Mean ± SD	15.52 ± 8.36	14.81 ± 11.12	15.99 ± 5.81
Total bilirubin levels (mg/dl)				0.33
Median (range)	0.48 (0–25)	0.41 (0–25)	0.52 (0–25)
Mean ± SD	1.21 ± 2.72	1.06 ± 2.53	1.31 ± 2.84
Creatinine (mg/dl)				0.21
Median (range)	0 (0–2.5)	0 (0 2.5)	0 (0–1.6)
Mean ± SD	0.07 ± 0.25	0.09 ± 0.30	0.06 ± 0.21
Primary diagnosis, n (%)				0.357
Dilated cardiomyopathy	247 (53.58)	90 (49.72)	157 (56.07))
Congenital heart disease	69 (14.97)	33 (18.23)	36 (12.86)
Myocarditis	65 (14.01)	26 (14.36)	39 (13.93)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy	20 (4.34)	6 (3.31)	14 (5.00)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	5 (1.08)	2 (1.10)	3 (1.07)
Valvular heart disease	4 (0.87)		4 (1.43)
Cancer	1 (0.22)		1 (0.36)
Unknown	50 (10.85)	24 (13.26)	26 (9.29)
INTERMACS patient profile, n (%)				0.255
INTERMACS 1	122 (26.52)	51 (28.18)	71 (25.36)
INTERMACS 2	228 (49.46)	87 (48.07)	141 (50.36)
INTERMACS 3	67 (14.53)	33 (18.23)	34 (12.14)
INTERMACS 4	21 (4.56)	7 (3.87)	14 (5.00)
INTERMACS 5–7	12 (2.60)	2 (1.10)	10 (3.57)
Unknown	11 (2.39)	1 (0.55)	10 (3.57)
Number of inotropes, n (%)				0.227
0	53 (11.50)	19 (10.50)	34 (12.14)
None—2	225 (48.81)	80 (44.20)	145 (51.79)
3–4	72 (15.62)	33 (18.23)	39 (13.93)
≥5	4 (0.87)	3 (1.66)	1 (0.36)
Unknown	107 (23.21)	46 (25.41)	61 (21.79)
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)	125 (27.11)	42 (23.20)	83 (29.64)	0.047
Circulatory support, n (%)
IABP	6 (1.30)	4 (2.21)	2 (0.71)	0.228
ECLS	86 (18.66)	27 (14.92)	59 (21.07)	0.043
Device type, n (%)				0.002
LVAD	369 (80.04)	133 (73.48)	236 (84.29)
RVAD	10 (2.17)	3 (1.66)	7 (2.50)
BiVAD	77 (16.70)	44 (24.31)	33 (11.79)
Total artificial heart	2 (0.43)		2 (0.71)
Unknown	3 (0.65)	1 (0.55)	2 (0.71)
Current device strategy, n (%)				0.535
Bridge to transplantation listed	291 (63.12)	113 (62.43)	178 (63.57)
Possible bridge to transplant	117 (25.38)	44 (24.31)	73 (26.07)
Destination therapy	1 (0.22)		1 (0.36)
Bridge to recovery	25 (5.42)	12 (6.63)	13 (4.64)
Other	23 (4.99)	12 (6.63)	11 (3.93)
Unknown	4 (0.87)		4 (1.43)
Device Brand, n (%)				0.000
HeartAssist 5	2 (0.43)	1 (0.55)	1 (0.36)
HeartMate II	17 (3.69)	13 (7.18)	4 (1.43)
HeartWare HVAD	125 (27.11)	40 (22.1)	85 (30.36)
HeartMate 3	19 (4.12)		19 (6.79)
HeartWare MVAD	1 (0.22)	1 (0.55)
Berlin Heart INCOR	3 (0.65)		3 (1.07)
Berlin Heart EXCOR	246 (53.36)	109 (60.22)	137 (48.93)
Thoratec PVAD	5 (1.08)	5 (2.76)
Other^a	43 (9.33)	12 (6.63)	31 (11.07)

Overall

Era I (≤2014)

Era II (≥2015)

(n = 461)

(n = 181)

(n = 280)

P-value

Age (years)

0.523

Median (range)

8 (0–19)

9 (0–19)

8 (0–19)

Mean ± SD

8.13 ± 6.53

8.37 ± 6.85

7.97 ± 6.32

Age categories (years), n (%)

0.068

<1 y

90 (19.52)

42 (23.20)

48 (17.14)

1–5 y

110 (23.86)

37 (20.44)

73 (26.07)

6–10 y

68 (14.75)

20 (11.05)

48 (17.14)

11–19 y

193 (41.87)

82 (45.30)

111 (39.64)

Sex, n (%)

0.663

Male

254 (55.10)

102 (56.35)

152 (54.29)

Female

207 (44.90)

79 (43.65)

128 (45.71)

Weight, n (%)

0.102

<5 kg

40 (8.8)

22 (12.15)

18 (6.43)

5–9 kg

84 (18.22)

37 (20.44)

47 (16.79)

10–20 kg

95 (20.1)

32 (17.68)

63 (22.50)

21–40 kg

87 (18.87)

29 (16.02)

58 (20.71)

41–70 kg

108 (23.43)

45 (24.86)

63 (22.50)

71–100 kg

38 (8.24)

15 (8.29)

23 (8.21)

>101 kg

9 (1.95)

1 (0.55)

8 (2.86)

Body surface area (m²)

0.076

Median (range)

0.86 (0–12.57)

0.78 (0–2.93)

0.89 (0–12.57)

Mean ± SD

0.99 ± 0.93

0.91 ± 0.64

1.05 ± 1.08

Body mass index (kg/m²)

0.193

Median (range)

15.28 (0–127.31)

15.05 (0–127.31)

15.47 (0–37.65)

Mean ± SD

15.52 ± 8.36

14.81 ± 11.12

15.99 ± 5.81

Total bilirubin levels (mg/dl)

0.33

Median (range)

0.48 (0–25)

0.41 (0–25)

0.52 (0–25)

Mean ± SD

1.21 ± 2.72

1.06 ± 2.53

1.31 ± 2.84

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.21

Median (range)

0 (0–2.5)

0 (0 2.5)

0 (0–1.6)

Mean ± SD

0.07 ± 0.25

0.09 ± 0.30

0.06 ± 0.21

Primary diagnosis, n (%)

0.357

Dilated cardiomyopathy

247 (53.58)

90 (49.72)

157 (56.07))

Congenital heart disease

69 (14.97)

33 (18.23)

36 (12.86)

Myocarditis

65 (14.01)

26 (14.36)

39 (13.93)

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

20 (4.34)

6 (3.31)

14 (5.00)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

5 (1.08)

2 (1.10)

3 (1.07)

Valvular heart disease

4 (0.87)

4 (1.43)

Cancer

1 (0.22)

1 (0.36)

Unknown

50 (10.85)

24 (13.26)

26 (9.29)

INTERMACS patient profile, n (%)

0.255

INTERMACS 1

122 (26.52)

51 (28.18)

71 (25.36)

INTERMACS 2

228 (49.46)

87 (48.07)

141 (50.36)

INTERMACS 3

67 (14.53)

33 (18.23)

34 (12.14)

INTERMACS 4

21 (4.56)

7 (3.87)

14 (5.00)

INTERMACS 5–7

12 (2.60)

2 (1.10)

10 (3.57)

Unknown

11 (2.39)

1 (0.55)

10 (3.57)

Number of inotropes, n (%)

0.227

53 (11.50)

19 (10.50)

34 (12.14)

None—2

225 (48.81)

80 (44.20)

145 (51.79)

3–4

72 (15.62)

33 (18.23)

39 (13.93)

≥5

4 (0.87)

3 (1.66)

1 (0.36)

Unknown

107 (23.21)

46 (25.41)

61 (21.79)

Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

125 (27.11)

42 (23.20)

83 (29.64)

0.047

Circulatory support, n (%)

IABP

6 (1.30)

4 (2.21)

2 (0.71)

0.228

ECLS

86 (18.66)

27 (14.92)

59 (21.07)

0.043

Device type, n (%)

0.002

LVAD

369 (80.04)

133 (73.48)

236 (84.29)

RVAD

10 (2.17)

3 (1.66)

7 (2.50)

BiVAD

77 (16.70)

44 (24.31)

33 (11.79)

Total artificial heart

2 (0.43)

2 (0.71)

Unknown

3 (0.65)

1 (0.55)

2 (0.71)

Current device strategy, n (%)

0.535

Bridge to transplantation listed

291 (63.12)

113 (62.43)

178 (63.57)

Possible bridge to transplant

117 (25.38)

44 (24.31)

73 (26.07)

Destination therapy

1 (0.22)

1 (0.36)

Bridge to recovery

25 (5.42)

12 (6.63)

13 (4.64)

Other

23 (4.99)

12 (6.63)

11 (3.93)

Unknown

4 (0.87)

4 (1.43)

Device Brand, n (%)

0.000

HeartAssist 5

2 (0.43)

1 (0.55)

1 (0.36)

HeartMate II

17 (3.69)

13 (7.18)

4 (1.43)

HeartWare HVAD

125 (27.11)

40 (22.1)

85 (30.36)

HeartMate 3

19 (4.12)

19 (6.79)

HeartWare MVAD

1 (0.22)

1 (0.55)

Berlin Heart INCOR

3 (0.65)

3 (1.07)

Berlin Heart EXCOR

246 (53.36)

109 (60.22)

137 (48.93)

Thoratec PVAD

5 (1.08)

5 (2.76)

Other^a

43 (9.33)

12 (6.63)

31 (11.07)

Table 1:

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Patient characteristics

	Overall	Era I (≤2014)	Era II (≥2015)
	(n = 461)	(n = 181)	(n = 280)	P-value
Age (years)				0.523
Median (range)	8 (0–19)	9 (0–19)	8 (0–19)
Mean ± SD	8.13 ± 6.53	8.37 ± 6.85	7.97 ± 6.32
Age categories (years), n (%)				0.068
<1 y	90 (19.52)	42 (23.20)	48 (17.14)
1–5 y	110 (23.86)	37 (20.44)	73 (26.07)
6–10 y	68 (14.75)	20 (11.05)	48 (17.14)
11–19 y	193 (41.87)	82 (45.30)	111 (39.64)
Sex, n (%)				0.663
Male	254 (55.10)	102 (56.35)	152 (54.29)
Female	207 (44.90)	79 (43.65)	128 (45.71)
Weight, n (%)				0.102
<5 kg	40 (8.8)	22 (12.15)	18 (6.43)
5–9 kg	84 (18.22)	37 (20.44)	47 (16.79)
10–20 kg	95 (20.1)	32 (17.68)	63 (22.50)
21–40 kg	87 (18.87)	29 (16.02)	58 (20.71)
41–70 kg	108 (23.43)	45 (24.86)	63 (22.50)
71–100 kg	38 (8.24)	15 (8.29)	23 (8.21)
>101 kg	9 (1.95)	1 (0.55)	8 (2.86)
Body surface area (m²)				0.076
Median (range)	0.86 (0–12.57)	0.78 (0–2.93)	0.89 (0–12.57)
Mean ± SD	0.99 ± 0.93	0.91 ± 0.64	1.05 ± 1.08
Body mass index (kg/m²)				0.193
Median (range)	15.28 (0–127.31)	15.05 (0–127.31)	15.47 (0–37.65)
Mean ± SD	15.52 ± 8.36	14.81 ± 11.12	15.99 ± 5.81
Total bilirubin levels (mg/dl)				0.33
Median (range)	0.48 (0–25)	0.41 (0–25)	0.52 (0–25)
Mean ± SD	1.21 ± 2.72	1.06 ± 2.53	1.31 ± 2.84
Creatinine (mg/dl)				0.21
Median (range)	0 (0–2.5)	0 (0 2.5)	0 (0–1.6)
Mean ± SD	0.07 ± 0.25	0.09 ± 0.30	0.06 ± 0.21
Primary diagnosis, n (%)				0.357
Dilated cardiomyopathy	247 (53.58)	90 (49.72)	157 (56.07))
Congenital heart disease	69 (14.97)	33 (18.23)	36 (12.86)
Myocarditis	65 (14.01)	26 (14.36)	39 (13.93)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy	20 (4.34)	6 (3.31)	14 (5.00)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	5 (1.08)	2 (1.10)	3 (1.07)
Valvular heart disease	4 (0.87)		4 (1.43)
Cancer	1 (0.22)		1 (0.36)
Unknown	50 (10.85)	24 (13.26)	26 (9.29)
INTERMACS patient profile, n (%)				0.255
INTERMACS 1	122 (26.52)	51 (28.18)	71 (25.36)
INTERMACS 2	228 (49.46)	87 (48.07)	141 (50.36)
INTERMACS 3	67 (14.53)	33 (18.23)	34 (12.14)
INTERMACS 4	21 (4.56)	7 (3.87)	14 (5.00)
INTERMACS 5–7	12 (2.60)	2 (1.10)	10 (3.57)
Unknown	11 (2.39)	1 (0.55)	10 (3.57)
Number of inotropes, n (%)				0.227
0	53 (11.50)	19 (10.50)	34 (12.14)
None—2	225 (48.81)	80 (44.20)	145 (51.79)
3–4	72 (15.62)	33 (18.23)	39 (13.93)
≥5	4 (0.87)	3 (1.66)	1 (0.36)
Unknown	107 (23.21)	46 (25.41)	61 (21.79)
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)	125 (27.11)	42 (23.20)	83 (29.64)	0.047
Circulatory support, n (%)
IABP	6 (1.30)	4 (2.21)	2 (0.71)	0.228
ECLS	86 (18.66)	27 (14.92)	59 (21.07)	0.043
Device type, n (%)				0.002
LVAD	369 (80.04)	133 (73.48)	236 (84.29)
RVAD	10 (2.17)	3 (1.66)	7 (2.50)
BiVAD	77 (16.70)	44 (24.31)	33 (11.79)
Total artificial heart	2 (0.43)		2 (0.71)
Unknown	3 (0.65)	1 (0.55)	2 (0.71)
Current device strategy, n (%)				0.535
Bridge to transplantation listed	291 (63.12)	113 (62.43)	178 (63.57)
Possible bridge to transplant	117 (25.38)	44 (24.31)	73 (26.07)
Destination therapy	1 (0.22)		1 (0.36)
Bridge to recovery	25 (5.42)	12 (6.63)	13 (4.64)
Other	23 (4.99)	12 (6.63)	11 (3.93)
Unknown	4 (0.87)		4 (1.43)
Device Brand, n (%)				0.000
HeartAssist 5	2 (0.43)	1 (0.55)	1 (0.36)
HeartMate II	17 (3.69)	13 (7.18)	4 (1.43)
HeartWare HVAD	125 (27.11)	40 (22.1)	85 (30.36)
HeartMate 3	19 (4.12)		19 (6.79)
HeartWare MVAD	1 (0.22)	1 (0.55)
Berlin Heart INCOR	3 (0.65)		3 (1.07)
Berlin Heart EXCOR	246 (53.36)	109 (60.22)	137 (48.93)
Thoratec PVAD	5 (1.08)	5 (2.76)
Other^a	43 (9.33)	12 (6.63)	31 (11.07)

	Overall	Era I (≤2014)	Era II (≥2015)
	(n = 461)	(n = 181)	(n = 280)	P-value
Age (years)				0.523
Median (range)	8 (0–19)	9 (0–19)	8 (0–19)
Mean ± SD	8.13 ± 6.53	8.37 ± 6.85	7.97 ± 6.32
Age categories (years), n (%)				0.068
<1 y	90 (19.52)	42 (23.20)	48 (17.14)
1–5 y	110 (23.86)	37 (20.44)	73 (26.07)
6–10 y	68 (14.75)	20 (11.05)	48 (17.14)
11–19 y	193 (41.87)	82 (45.30)	111 (39.64)
Sex, n (%)				0.663
Male	254 (55.10)	102 (56.35)	152 (54.29)
Female	207 (44.90)	79 (43.65)	128 (45.71)
Weight, n (%)				0.102
<5 kg	40 (8.8)	22 (12.15)	18 (6.43)
5–9 kg	84 (18.22)	37 (20.44)	47 (16.79)
10–20 kg	95 (20.1)	32 (17.68)	63 (22.50)
21–40 kg	87 (18.87)	29 (16.02)	58 (20.71)
41–70 kg	108 (23.43)	45 (24.86)	63 (22.50)
71–100 kg	38 (8.24)	15 (8.29)	23 (8.21)
>101 kg	9 (1.95)	1 (0.55)	8 (2.86)
Body surface area (m²)				0.076
Median (range)	0.86 (0–12.57)	0.78 (0–2.93)	0.89 (0–12.57)
Mean ± SD	0.99 ± 0.93	0.91 ± 0.64	1.05 ± 1.08
Body mass index (kg/m²)				0.193
Median (range)	15.28 (0–127.31)	15.05 (0–127.31)	15.47 (0–37.65)
Mean ± SD	15.52 ± 8.36	14.81 ± 11.12	15.99 ± 5.81
Total bilirubin levels (mg/dl)				0.33
Median (range)	0.48 (0–25)	0.41 (0–25)	0.52 (0–25)
Mean ± SD	1.21 ± 2.72	1.06 ± 2.53	1.31 ± 2.84
Creatinine (mg/dl)				0.21
Median (range)	0 (0–2.5)	0 (0 2.5)	0 (0–1.6)
Mean ± SD	0.07 ± 0.25	0.09 ± 0.30	0.06 ± 0.21
Primary diagnosis, n (%)				0.357
Dilated cardiomyopathy	247 (53.58)	90 (49.72)	157 (56.07))
Congenital heart disease	69 (14.97)	33 (18.23)	36 (12.86)
Myocarditis	65 (14.01)	26 (14.36)	39 (13.93)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy	20 (4.34)	6 (3.31)	14 (5.00)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	5 (1.08)	2 (1.10)	3 (1.07)
Valvular heart disease	4 (0.87)		4 (1.43)
Cancer	1 (0.22)		1 (0.36)
Unknown	50 (10.85)	24 (13.26)	26 (9.29)
INTERMACS patient profile, n (%)				0.255
INTERMACS 1	122 (26.52)	51 (28.18)	71 (25.36)
INTERMACS 2	228 (49.46)	87 (48.07)	141 (50.36)
INTERMACS 3	67 (14.53)	33 (18.23)	34 (12.14)
INTERMACS 4	21 (4.56)	7 (3.87)	14 (5.00)
INTERMACS 5–7	12 (2.60)	2 (1.10)	10 (3.57)
Unknown	11 (2.39)	1 (0.55)	10 (3.57)
Number of inotropes, n (%)				0.227
0	53 (11.50)	19 (10.50)	34 (12.14)
None—2	225 (48.81)	80 (44.20)	145 (51.79)
3–4	72 (15.62)	33 (18.23)	39 (13.93)
≥5	4 (0.87)	3 (1.66)	1 (0.36)
Unknown	107 (23.21)	46 (25.41)	61 (21.79)
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)	125 (27.11)	42 (23.20)	83 (29.64)	0.047
Circulatory support, n (%)
IABP	6 (1.30)	4 (2.21)	2 (0.71)	0.228
ECLS	86 (18.66)	27 (14.92)	59 (21.07)	0.043
Device type, n (%)				0.002
LVAD	369 (80.04)	133 (73.48)	236 (84.29)
RVAD	10 (2.17)	3 (1.66)	7 (2.50)
BiVAD	77 (16.70)	44 (24.31)	33 (11.79)
Total artificial heart	2 (0.43)		2 (0.71)
Unknown	3 (0.65)	1 (0.55)	2 (0.71)
Current device strategy, n (%)				0.535
Bridge to transplantation listed	291 (63.12)	113 (62.43)	178 (63.57)
Possible bridge to transplant	117 (25.38)	44 (24.31)	73 (26.07)
Destination therapy	1 (0.22)		1 (0.36)
Bridge to recovery	25 (5.42)	12 (6.63)	13 (4.64)
Other	23 (4.99)	12 (6.63)	11 (3.93)
Unknown	4 (0.87)		4 (1.43)
Device Brand, n (%)				0.000
HeartAssist 5	2 (0.43)	1 (0.55)	1 (0.36)
HeartMate II	17 (3.69)	13 (7.18)	4 (1.43)
HeartWare HVAD	125 (27.11)	40 (22.1)	85 (30.36)
HeartMate 3	19 (4.12)		19 (6.79)
HeartWare MVAD	1 (0.22)	1 (0.55)
Berlin Heart INCOR	3 (0.65)		3 (1.07)
Berlin Heart EXCOR	246 (53.36)	109 (60.22)	137 (48.93)
Thoratec PVAD	5 (1.08)	5 (2.76)
Other^a	43 (9.33)	12 (6.63)	31 (11.07)

Other: Jarvik 2000 (2), Berlin Heart Incor (3), HeartWare MVAD (1) and excluded temporary devices (37).

BiVAD: biventricular assist device; ECLS: extra corporeal life support; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; LVAD: left ventricular assist device; RVAD: right ventricular assist device; SD: standard deviation.

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