Table 6 Open in new tab Middle-income...

	Middle-income group preferences_t	Δ Middle-income group preferences_t
Middle-income group preferences_t₋₁	0.399*	0.391*	0.289*	−0.380*	−0.558*	−0.346*
(0.058)	(0.060)	(0.060)	(0.055)	(0.175)	(0.058)
Low-income group preferences_t	0.480*		0.382*
(0.056)		(0.062)
High-income group preferences_t		0.392*	0.215*
	(0.060)	(0.062)
Δ Low-income group preferences_t				0.307*	0.293*	0.319*
			(0.054)	(0.126)	(0.062)
Δ High-income group preferences_t				0.108*	0.171	0.082
			(0.055)	(0.150)	(0.061)
Constant	0.019	0.013*	0.013*	0.015*	−0.020	0.021*
	(0.049)	(0.052)	(0.048)	(0.053)	(0.163)	(0.055)
Observations	213	213	213	213	32	181
Number of countries	7	7	7	7	1	6
R-squared	0.487	0.424	0.516	0.337	0.441	0.317
Sigma_u	0.040	0.030	0.029	0.032		0.036
Sigma_e	0.722	0.765	0.703	0.771		0.745
Rho	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002		0.002
Chi-square					0.298

Middle-income group preferences_t

Δ Middle-income group preferences_t

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

pooled

Germany

remaining

Middle-income group preferences_t₋₁

0.399*

0.391*

0.289*

−0.380*

−0.558*

−0.346*

(0.058)

(0.060)

(0.055)

(0.175)

(0.058)

Low-income group preferences_t

0.480*

0.382*

(0.056)

(0.062)

High-income group preferences_t

0.392*

0.215*

(0.060)

(0.062)

Δ Low-income group preferences_t

0.307*

0.293*

0.319*

(0.054)

(0.126)

(0.062)

Δ High-income group preferences_t

0.108*

0.171

0.082

(0.055)

(0.150)

(0.061)

Constant

0.019

0.013*

0.015*

−0.020

0.021*

(0.049)

(0.052)

(0.048)

(0.053)

(0.163)

(0.055)

Observations

213

181

Number of countries

R-squared

0.487

0.424

0.516

0.337

0.441

0.317

Sigma_u

0.040

0.030

0.029

0.032

0.036

Sigma_e

0.722

0.765

0.703

0.771

0.745

Rho

0.003

0.002

Chi-square

0.298

	Middle-income group preferences_t	Δ Middle-income group preferences_t
Middle-income group preferences_t₋₁	0.399*	0.391*	0.289*	−0.380*	−0.558*	−0.346*
(0.058)	(0.060)	(0.060)	(0.055)	(0.175)	(0.058)
Low-income group preferences_t	0.480*		0.382*
(0.056)		(0.062)
High-income group preferences_t		0.392*	0.215*
	(0.060)	(0.062)
Δ Low-income group preferences_t				0.307*	0.293*	0.319*
			(0.054)	(0.126)	(0.062)
Δ High-income group preferences_t				0.108*	0.171	0.082
			(0.055)	(0.150)	(0.061)
Constant	0.019	0.013*	0.013*	0.015*	−0.020	0.021*
	(0.049)	(0.052)	(0.048)	(0.053)	(0.163)	(0.055)
Observations	213	213	213	213	32	181
Number of countries	7	7	7	7	1	6
R-squared	0.487	0.424	0.516	0.337	0.441	0.317
Sigma_u	0.040	0.030	0.029	0.032		0.036
Sigma_e	0.722	0.765	0.703	0.771		0.745
Rho	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002		0.002
Chi-square					0.298

Table 6

Open in new tab

Middle-income series as a function of lower- and higher-income group series.

	Middle-income group preferences_t			Δ Middle-income group preferences_t
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
	pooled	pooled	pooled	pooled	Germany	remaining
Middle-income group preferences_t₋₁	0.399*	0.391*	0.289*	−0.380*	−0.558*	−0.346*
Middle-income group preferences_t₋₁	(0.058)	(0.060)	(0.060)	(0.055)	(0.175)	(0.058)
Low-income group preferences_t	0.480*		0.382*
Low-income group preferences_t	(0.056)		(0.062)
High-income group preferences_t		0.392*	0.215*
High-income group preferences_t		(0.060)	(0.062)
Δ Low-income group preferences_t				0.307*	0.293*	0.319*
Δ Low-income group preferences_t				(0.054)	(0.126)	(0.062)
Δ High-income group preferences_t				0.108*	0.171	0.082
Δ High-income group preferences_t				(0.055)	(0.150)	(0.061)
Constant	0.019	0.013*	0.013*	0.015*	−0.020	0.021*
	(0.049)	(0.052)	(0.048)	(0.053)	(0.163)	(0.055)
Observations	213	213	213	213	32	181
Number of countries	7	7	7	7	1	6
R-squared	0.487	0.424	0.516	0.337	0.441	0.317
Sigma_u	0.040	0.030	0.029	0.032		0.036
Sigma_e	0.722	0.765	0.703	0.771		0.745
Rho	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002		0.002
Chi-square					0.298

	Middle-income group preferences_t			Δ Middle-income group preferences_t
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
	pooled	pooled	pooled	pooled	Germany	remaining
Middle-income group preferences_t₋₁	0.399*	0.391*	0.289*	−0.380*	−0.558*	−0.346*
Middle-income group preferences_t₋₁	(0.058)	(0.060)	(0.060)	(0.055)	(0.175)	(0.058)
Low-income group preferences_t	0.480*		0.382*
Low-income group preferences_t	(0.056)		(0.062)
High-income group preferences_t		0.392*	0.215*
High-income group preferences_t		(0.060)	(0.062)
Δ Low-income group preferences_t				0.307*	0.293*	0.319*
Δ Low-income group preferences_t				(0.054)	(0.126)	(0.062)
Δ High-income group preferences_t				0.108*	0.171	0.082
Δ High-income group preferences_t				(0.055)	(0.150)	(0.061)
Constant	0.019	0.013*	0.013*	0.015*	−0.020	0.021*
	(0.049)	(0.052)	(0.048)	(0.053)	(0.163)	(0.055)
Observations	213	213	213	213	32	181
Number of countries	7	7	7	7	1	6
R-squared	0.487	0.424	0.516	0.337	0.441	0.317
Sigma_u	0.040	0.030	0.029	0.032		0.036
Sigma_e	0.722	0.765	0.703	0.771		0.745
Rho	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002		0.002
Chi-square					0.298

Note. All entries are OLS regression coefficients (standard errors in parentheses); Cross-national models include country-specific fixed effects; *p ≤ 0.05 (two-tailed tests); Results from alternative specifications for models 3 and 4 can be found in Section J of the Supplementary Materials. All substantive implications remain the same.

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only