| . | Ahead in ATT . | Difference in ATT position . | Ahead in members . | Difference in member position . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . | (7) . | (8) . |
| Status | −0.0201*** | −0.0189*** | −0.0008*** | −0.0008*** | −0.0078 | −0.0073 | −0.0005* | −0.0005* |
| (0.0052) | (0.0053) | (0.0002) | (0.0002) | (0.0051) | (0.0052) | (0.0003) | (0.0003) | |
| Status × 1 year to age limit (d) | −0.0051 | −0.0010* | −0.0198 | −0.0010 | ||||
| (0.0187) | (0.0006) | (0.0188) | (0.0006) | |||||
| 1 year to age limit (d) | 0.0064 | 0.0052 | 0.0154 | 0.0061 | ||||
| (0.0180) | (0.0130) | (0.0178) | (0.0131) | |||||
| Status × 3 years to age limit (d) | −0.0109 | −0.0003 | −0.0117 | −0.0006 | ||||
| (0.0117) | (0.0004) | (0.0118) | (0.0005) | |||||
| 3 years to age limit (d) | 0.0248** | 0.0195** | 0.0261** | 0.0205** | ||||
| (0.0126) | (0.0097) | (0.0127) | (0.0098) | |||||
| N | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 |
| . | Ahead in ATT . | Difference in ATT position . | Ahead in members . | Difference in member position . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . | (7) . | (8) . |
| Status | −0.0201*** | −0.0189*** | −0.0008*** | −0.0008*** | −0.0078 | −0.0073 | −0.0005* | −0.0005* |
| (0.0052) | (0.0053) | (0.0002) | (0.0002) | (0.0051) | (0.0052) | (0.0003) | (0.0003) | |
| Status × 1 year to age limit (d) | −0.0051 | −0.0010* | −0.0198 | −0.0010 | ||||
| (0.0187) | (0.0006) | (0.0188) | (0.0006) | |||||
| 1 year to age limit (d) | 0.0064 | 0.0052 | 0.0154 | 0.0061 | ||||
| (0.0180) | (0.0130) | (0.0178) | (0.0131) | |||||
| Status × 3 years to age limit (d) | −0.0109 | −0.0003 | −0.0117 | −0.0006 | ||||
| (0.0117) | (0.0004) | (0.0118) | (0.0005) | |||||
| 3 years to age limit (d) | 0.0248** | 0.0195** | 0.0261** | 0.0205** | ||||
| (0.0126) | (0.0097) | (0.0127) | (0.0098) | |||||
| N | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 |
Notes: Linear probability model estimates; the dependent variable is a dummy for wrong calls among penalties and goals that should have been awarded. Debatable decisions are excluded. The regressions include controls for the home team, inverse of odds, referee experience and average performance in the season, previous wrong decisions (both favorable and unfavorable for the affected and unaffected team), type of the situation (goal or penalty), the last 10 min of the game, closeness of the game, decisiveness of the call, and the number of spectators. Furthermore, season, match day, referee, and team-fixed effects are included. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the game level.
p < 0.01,
p < 0.05,
p < 0.1.
| . | Ahead in ATT . | Difference in ATT position . | Ahead in members . | Difference in member position . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . | (7) . | (8) . |
| Status | −0.0201*** | −0.0189*** | −0.0008*** | −0.0008*** | −0.0078 | −0.0073 | −0.0005* | −0.0005* |
| (0.0052) | (0.0053) | (0.0002) | (0.0002) | (0.0051) | (0.0052) | (0.0003) | (0.0003) | |
| Status × 1 year to age limit (d) | −0.0051 | −0.0010* | −0.0198 | −0.0010 | ||||
| (0.0187) | (0.0006) | (0.0188) | (0.0006) | |||||
| 1 year to age limit (d) | 0.0064 | 0.0052 | 0.0154 | 0.0061 | ||||
| (0.0180) | (0.0130) | (0.0178) | (0.0131) | |||||
| Status × 3 years to age limit (d) | −0.0109 | −0.0003 | −0.0117 | −0.0006 | ||||
| (0.0117) | (0.0004) | (0.0118) | (0.0005) | |||||
| 3 years to age limit (d) | 0.0248** | 0.0195** | 0.0261** | 0.0205** | ||||
| (0.0126) | (0.0097) | (0.0127) | (0.0098) | |||||
| N | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 |
| . | Ahead in ATT . | Difference in ATT position . | Ahead in members . | Difference in member position . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . | (7) . | (8) . |
| Status | −0.0201*** | −0.0189*** | −0.0008*** | −0.0008*** | −0.0078 | −0.0073 | −0.0005* | −0.0005* |
| (0.0052) | (0.0053) | (0.0002) | (0.0002) | (0.0051) | (0.0052) | (0.0003) | (0.0003) | |
| Status × 1 year to age limit (d) | −0.0051 | −0.0010* | −0.0198 | −0.0010 | ||||
| (0.0187) | (0.0006) | (0.0188) | (0.0006) | |||||
| 1 year to age limit (d) | 0.0064 | 0.0052 | 0.0154 | 0.0061 | ||||
| (0.0180) | (0.0130) | (0.0178) | (0.0131) | |||||
| Status × 3 years to age limit (d) | −0.0109 | −0.0003 | −0.0117 | −0.0006 | ||||
| (0.0117) | (0.0004) | (0.0118) | (0.0005) | |||||
| 3 years to age limit (d) | 0.0248** | 0.0195** | 0.0261** | 0.0205** | ||||
| (0.0126) | (0.0097) | (0.0127) | (0.0098) | |||||
| N | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 | 12,232 |
Notes: Linear probability model estimates; the dependent variable is a dummy for wrong calls among penalties and goals that should have been awarded. Debatable decisions are excluded. The regressions include controls for the home team, inverse of odds, referee experience and average performance in the season, previous wrong decisions (both favorable and unfavorable for the affected and unaffected team), type of the situation (goal or penalty), the last 10 min of the game, closeness of the game, decisiveness of the call, and the number of spectators. Furthermore, season, match day, referee, and team-fixed effects are included. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the game level.
p < 0.01,
p < 0.05,
p < 0.1.
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