Notes: Linear probability model estimates; (d) for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1. The dependent variable is a dummy variable that takes value 1 for wrong calls among penalties and goals that should have been awarded. Debatable decisions are excluded. In each column, the sample of games is restricted to games which took place in the indicated time interval. The regressions include controls for the home team, inverse of odds, referee experience and average performance in the season, type of the situation (goal or penalty), the last 10 min of the game, closeness of the game, decisiveness of the call, the number of spectators, and stadiums with running tracks. Furthermore, season, match day, referee, and team-fixed effects are included. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the game level.

p < 0.01,

p < 0.05, and

p < 0.1.