Table 6. Open in new tab Chemical, amino...

	Diets	SEM	F-value	P-value
Chemical composition (g/100 g)
Dry matter (DM)	35.42	34.44	35.42	0.38	2.21	0.1243
Ashes	3.58	3.62	3.64	0.09	0.10	0.9029
Ether extract	32.35	33.06	32.56	0.56	0.41	0.6698
Crude protein	54.71	53.80	54.80	0.42	1.68	0.2014
Amino acid composition (g/100 g DM)
Alanine	4.012^b	4.098^b	3.916^a	0.025	5.79	0.0066
Arginine	2.866^b	2.534^a	2.447^a	0.076	4.52	0.0177
Aspartic acid	4.968	4.720	5.570	0.360	1.24	0.3014
Cysteine	0.514	0.534	0.503	0.029	0.30	0.7450
Glutamic acid	6.815	6.885	6.583	0.173	0.75	0.4785
Glycine	2.593	2.640	2.500	0.067	0.99	0.3830
Histidine	1.636^b	1.482^a	1.606^a^b	0.036	3.21	0.0520
Isoleucine	2.297	2.294	2.256	0.042	0.29	0.7506
Leucine	3.913	3.823	3.904	0.081	0.36	0.7002
Lysine	3.032	2.962	2.969	0.039	0.89	0.4213
Methionine	0.795^a	0.848^b	0.772^a^b	0.022	2.32	0.1128
Phenylalanine	1.930^b	1.822^a	1.907^a^b	0.025	3.26	0.0501
Proline	3.177	3.168	3.080	0.043	1.28	0.2893
Serine	2.601	2.529	2.802	0.173	0.62	0.5461
Threonine	2.120^b	1.812^a	1.798^a	0.073	3.67	0.0354
Tyrosine	3.814^b	3.735^a	3.892^c	0.016	8.04	0.0013
Valine	3.551	3.540	3.494	0.039	0.56	0.5762
Fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids)
Lauric acid (C12:0)	0.131	0.147	0.131	0.008	1.14	0.3319
Myristic acid (C14:0)	1.678	1.719	1.660	0.065	0.21	0.8152
Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)	0.167^b	0.152^a	0.168^b	0.003	5.46	0.0085
Palmitic acid (C16:0)	16.82	16.98	16.97	0.11	0.69	0.5103
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1)	1.124^a	1.220^b	1.112^a	0.013	7.23	0.0023
Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)	0.214	0.210	0.228	0.011	0.65	0.5257
Cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (C17:1)	0.221	0.161	0.182	0.016	2.30	0.1140
Stearic acid (C18:0)	3.270	3.229	3.298	0.049	0.46	0.6351
Elaidic acid (C18:1n9t)	0.045	0.048	0.044	0.002	1.01	0.3731
Oleic acid (C18:1n9c)	32.59^a^b	34.44^b	32.09^a	0.581	2.99	0.0628
Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c)	40.28^b	38.35^a	40.62^b	0.49	3.73	0.0337
Arachidic acid (C20:0)	0.110	0.098	0.107	0.005	1.52	0.2323
G-Linolenic acid (C18:3n6)	0.049	0.051	0.051	0.003	0.15	0.8573
Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1)	0.251^b	0.223^a	0.243^b	0.003	7.57	0.0018
Linolenic acid (C18:3n3)	2.771	2.700	2.825	0.070	0.72	0.4955
Cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2)	0.088	0.074	0.082	0.004	2.18	0.1280
Cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3)	0.095	0.097	0.100	0.003	0.55	0.5844
Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6)	0.096	0.086	0.091	0.005	0.91	0.4103
SFA	22.38	22.53	22.56	0.10	0.80	0.4592
MUFA	34.23^a^b	36.10^b	33.67^a	0.59	3.06	0.0594
PUFA	43.38^b	41.37^a	43.76^b	0.55	3.37	0.0457
n-3	2.866	2.801	2.921	0.070	0.68	0.5147
n-6	40.43^b	38.49^a	40.76^b	0.49	3.70	0.0345
n-6/n-3	14.11	13.75	13.96	0.19	0.78	0.4662
PUFA/SFA	1.938^b	1.835^a	1.939^b	0.024	3.63	0.0367
SFA/UFA	0.288	0.291	0.291	0.002	0.80	0.4589
AI	0.305	0.310	0.307	0.003	0.78	0.4665
TI	0.473	0.479	0.476	0.003	0.97	0.3889

Diets

SEM

F-value

P-value

WBG

Chemical composition (g/100 g)

Dry matter (DM)

35.42

34.44

35.42

0.38

2.21

0.1243

Ashes

3.58

3.62

3.64

0.09

0.10

0.9029

Ether extract

32.35

33.06

32.56

0.56

0.41

0.6698

Crude protein

54.71

53.80

54.80

0.42

1.68

0.2014

Amino acid composition (g/100 g DM)

Alanine

4.012^b

4.098^b

3.916^a

0.025

5.79

0.0066

Arginine

2.866^b

2.534^a

2.447^a

0.076

4.52

0.0177

Aspartic acid

4.968

4.720

5.570

0.360

1.24

0.3014

Cysteine

0.514

0.534

0.503

0.029

0.30

0.7450

Glutamic acid

6.815

6.885

6.583

0.173

0.75

0.4785

Glycine

2.593

2.640

2.500

0.067

0.99

0.3830

Histidine

1.636^b

1.482^a

1.606^a^b

0.036

3.21

0.0520

Isoleucine

2.297

2.294

2.256

0.042

0.29

0.7506

Leucine

3.913

3.823

3.904

0.081

0.36

0.7002

Lysine

3.032

2.962

2.969

0.039

0.89

0.4213

Methionine

0.795^a

0.848^b

0.772^a^b

0.022

2.32

0.1128

Phenylalanine

1.930^b

1.822^a

1.907^a^b

0.025

3.26

0.0501

Proline

3.177

3.168

3.080

0.043

1.28

0.2893

Serine

2.601

2.529

2.802

0.173

0.62

0.5461

Threonine

2.120^b

1.812^a

1.798^a

0.073

3.67

0.0354

Tyrosine

3.814^b

3.735^a

3.892^c

0.016

8.04

0.0013

Valine

3.551

3.540

3.494

0.039

0.56

0.5762

Fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids)

Lauric acid (C12:0)

0.131

0.147

0.131

0.008

1.14

0.3319

Myristic acid (C14:0)

1.678

1.719

1.660

0.065

0.21

0.8152

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)

0.167^b

0.152^a

0.168^b

0.003

5.46

0.0085

Palmitic acid (C16:0)

16.82

16.98

16.97

0.11

0.69

0.5103

Palmitoleic acid (C16:1)

1.124^a

1.220^b

1.112^a

0.013

7.23

0.0023

Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)

0.214

0.210

0.228

0.011

0.65

0.5257

Cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (C17:1)

0.221

0.161

0.182

0.016

2.30

0.1140

Stearic acid (C18:0)

3.270

3.229

3.298

0.049

0.46

0.6351

Elaidic acid (C18:1n9t)

0.045

0.048

0.044

0.002

1.01

0.3731

Oleic acid (C18:1n9c)

32.59^a^b

34.44^b

32.09^a

0.581

2.99

0.0628

Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c)

40.28^b

38.35^a

40.62^b

0.49

3.73

0.0337

Arachidic acid (C20:0)

0.110

0.098

0.107

0.005

1.52

0.2323

G-Linolenic acid (C18:3n6)

0.049

0.051

0.003

0.15

0.8573

Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1)

0.251^b

0.223^a

0.243^b

0.003

7.57

0.0018

Linolenic acid (C18:3n3)

2.771

2.700

2.825

0.070

0.72

0.4955

Cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2)

0.088

0.074

0.082

0.004

2.18

0.1280

Cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3)

0.095

0.097

0.100

0.003

0.55

0.5844

Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6)

0.096

0.086

0.091

0.005

0.91

0.4103

SFA

22.38

22.53

22.56

0.10

0.80

0.4592

MUFA

34.23^a^b

36.10^b

33.67^a

0.59

3.06

0.0594

PUFA

43.38^b

41.37^a

43.76^b

0.55

3.37

0.0457

n-3

2.866

2.801

2.921

0.070

0.68

0.5147

n-6

40.43^b

38.49^a

40.76^b

0.49

3.70

0.0345

n-6/n-3

14.11

13.75

13.96

0.19

0.78

0.4662

PUFA/SFA

1.938^b

1.835^a

1.939^b

0.024

3.63

0.0367

SFA/UFA

0.288

0.291

0.002

0.80

0.4589

0.305

0.310

0.307

0.003

0.78

0.4665

0.473

0.479

0.476

0.003

0.97

0.3889

	Diets	SEM	F-value	P-value
Chemical composition (g/100 g)
Dry matter (DM)	35.42	34.44	35.42	0.38	2.21	0.1243
Ashes	3.58	3.62	3.64	0.09	0.10	0.9029
Ether extract	32.35	33.06	32.56	0.56	0.41	0.6698
Crude protein	54.71	53.80	54.80	0.42	1.68	0.2014
Amino acid composition (g/100 g DM)
Alanine	4.012^b	4.098^b	3.916^a	0.025	5.79	0.0066
Arginine	2.866^b	2.534^a	2.447^a	0.076	4.52	0.0177
Aspartic acid	4.968	4.720	5.570	0.360	1.24	0.3014
Cysteine	0.514	0.534	0.503	0.029	0.30	0.7450
Glutamic acid	6.815	6.885	6.583	0.173	0.75	0.4785
Glycine	2.593	2.640	2.500	0.067	0.99	0.3830
Histidine	1.636^b	1.482^a	1.606^a^b	0.036	3.21	0.0520
Isoleucine	2.297	2.294	2.256	0.042	0.29	0.7506
Leucine	3.913	3.823	3.904	0.081	0.36	0.7002
Lysine	3.032	2.962	2.969	0.039	0.89	0.4213
Methionine	0.795^a	0.848^b	0.772^a^b	0.022	2.32	0.1128
Phenylalanine	1.930^b	1.822^a	1.907^a^b	0.025	3.26	0.0501
Proline	3.177	3.168	3.080	0.043	1.28	0.2893
Serine	2.601	2.529	2.802	0.173	0.62	0.5461
Threonine	2.120^b	1.812^a	1.798^a	0.073	3.67	0.0354
Tyrosine	3.814^b	3.735^a	3.892^c	0.016	8.04	0.0013
Valine	3.551	3.540	3.494	0.039	0.56	0.5762
Fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids)
Lauric acid (C12:0)	0.131	0.147	0.131	0.008	1.14	0.3319
Myristic acid (C14:0)	1.678	1.719	1.660	0.065	0.21	0.8152
Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)	0.167^b	0.152^a	0.168^b	0.003	5.46	0.0085
Palmitic acid (C16:0)	16.82	16.98	16.97	0.11	0.69	0.5103
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1)	1.124^a	1.220^b	1.112^a	0.013	7.23	0.0023
Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)	0.214	0.210	0.228	0.011	0.65	0.5257
Cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (C17:1)	0.221	0.161	0.182	0.016	2.30	0.1140
Stearic acid (C18:0)	3.270	3.229	3.298	0.049	0.46	0.6351
Elaidic acid (C18:1n9t)	0.045	0.048	0.044	0.002	1.01	0.3731
Oleic acid (C18:1n9c)	32.59^a^b	34.44^b	32.09^a	0.581	2.99	0.0628
Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c)	40.28^b	38.35^a	40.62^b	0.49	3.73	0.0337
Arachidic acid (C20:0)	0.110	0.098	0.107	0.005	1.52	0.2323
G-Linolenic acid (C18:3n6)	0.049	0.051	0.051	0.003	0.15	0.8573
Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1)	0.251^b	0.223^a	0.243^b	0.003	7.57	0.0018
Linolenic acid (C18:3n3)	2.771	2.700	2.825	0.070	0.72	0.4955
Cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2)	0.088	0.074	0.082	0.004	2.18	0.1280
Cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3)	0.095	0.097	0.100	0.003	0.55	0.5844
Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6)	0.096	0.086	0.091	0.005	0.91	0.4103
SFA	22.38	22.53	22.56	0.10	0.80	0.4592
MUFA	34.23^a^b	36.10^b	33.67^a	0.59	3.06	0.0594
PUFA	43.38^b	41.37^a	43.76^b	0.55	3.37	0.0457
n-3	2.866	2.801	2.921	0.070	0.68	0.5147
n-6	40.43^b	38.49^a	40.76^b	0.49	3.70	0.0345
n-6/n-3	14.11	13.75	13.96	0.19	0.78	0.4662
PUFA/SFA	1.938^b	1.835^a	1.939^b	0.024	3.63	0.0367
SFA/UFA	0.288	0.291	0.291	0.002	0.80	0.4589
AI	0.305	0.310	0.307	0.003	0.78	0.4665
TI	0.473	0.479	0.476	0.003	0.97	0.3889

Diets

SEM

F-value

P-value

WBG

Chemical composition (g/100 g)

Dry matter (DM)

35.42

34.44

35.42

0.38

2.21

0.1243

Ashes

3.58

3.62

3.64

0.09

0.10

0.9029

Ether extract

32.35

33.06

32.56

0.56

0.41

0.6698

Crude protein

54.71

53.80

54.80

0.42

1.68

0.2014

Amino acid composition (g/100 g DM)

Alanine

4.012^b

4.098^b

3.916^a

0.025

5.79

0.0066

Arginine

2.866^b

2.534^a

2.447^a

0.076

4.52

0.0177

Aspartic acid

4.968

4.720

5.570

0.360

1.24

0.3014

Cysteine

0.514

0.534

0.503

0.029

0.30

0.7450

Glutamic acid

6.815

6.885

6.583

0.173

0.75

0.4785

Glycine

2.593

2.640

2.500

0.067

0.99

0.3830

Histidine

1.636^b

1.482^a

1.606^a^b

0.036

3.21

0.0520

Isoleucine

2.297

2.294

2.256

0.042

0.29

0.7506

Leucine

3.913

3.823

3.904

0.081

0.36

0.7002

Lysine

3.032

2.962

2.969

0.039

0.89

0.4213

Methionine

0.795^a

0.848^b

0.772^a^b

0.022

2.32

0.1128

Phenylalanine

1.930^b

1.822^a

1.907^a^b

0.025

3.26

0.0501

Proline

3.177

3.168

3.080

0.043

1.28

0.2893

Serine

2.601

2.529

2.802

0.173

0.62

0.5461

Threonine

2.120^b

1.812^a

1.798^a

0.073

3.67

0.0354

Tyrosine

3.814^b

3.735^a

3.892^c

0.016

8.04

0.0013

Valine

3.551

3.540

3.494

0.039

0.56

0.5762

Fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids)

Lauric acid (C12:0)

0.131

0.147

0.131

0.008

1.14

0.3319

Myristic acid (C14:0)

1.678

1.719

1.660

0.065

0.21

0.8152

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)

0.167^b

0.152^a

0.168^b

0.003

5.46

0.0085

Palmitic acid (C16:0)

16.82

16.98

16.97

0.11

0.69

0.5103

Palmitoleic acid (C16:1)

1.124^a

1.220^b

1.112^a

0.013

7.23

0.0023

Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)

0.214

0.210

0.228

0.011

0.65

0.5257

Cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (C17:1)

0.221

0.161

0.182

0.016

2.30

0.1140

Stearic acid (C18:0)

3.270

3.229

3.298

0.049

0.46

0.6351

Elaidic acid (C18:1n9t)

0.045

0.048

0.044

0.002

1.01

0.3731

Oleic acid (C18:1n9c)

32.59^a^b

34.44^b

32.09^a

0.581

2.99

0.0628

Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c)

40.28^b

38.35^a

40.62^b

0.49

3.73

0.0337

Arachidic acid (C20:0)

0.110

0.098

0.107

0.005

1.52

0.2323

G-Linolenic acid (C18:3n6)

0.049

0.051

0.003

0.15

0.8573

Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1)

0.251^b

0.223^a

0.243^b

0.003

7.57

0.0018

Linolenic acid (C18:3n3)

2.771

2.700

2.825

0.070

0.72

0.4955

Cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2)

0.088

0.074

0.082

0.004

2.18

0.1280

Cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3)

0.095

0.097

0.100

0.003

0.55

0.5844

Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6)

0.096

0.086

0.091

0.005

0.91

0.4103

SFA

22.38

22.53

22.56

0.10

0.80

0.4592

MUFA

34.23^a^b

36.10^b

33.67^a

0.59

3.06

0.0594

PUFA

43.38^b

41.37^a

43.76^b

0.55

3.37

0.0457

n-3

2.866

2.801

2.921

0.070

0.68

0.5147

n-6

40.43^b

38.49^a

40.76^b

0.49

3.70

0.0345

n-6/n-3

14.11

13.75

13.96

0.19

0.78

0.4662

PUFA/SFA

1.938^b

1.835^a

1.939^b

0.024

3.63

0.0367

SFA/UFA

0.288

0.291

0.002

0.80

0.4589

0.305

0.310

0.307

0.003

0.78

0.4665

0.473

0.479

0.476

0.003

0.97

0.3889

Table 6.

Open in new tab

Chemical, amino acid, and fatty acid composition of Tenebrio molitor larvae at 90 d post-hatching with the different experimental diets (n = 36 trays; degrees of freedom: 2 for diets, 2 for laying period and 1 for batch)

	Diets			SEM	F-value	P-value
	WB	FC	WBG	SEM	F-value	P-value
Chemical composition (g/100 g)
Dry matter (DM)	35.42	34.44	35.42	0.38	2.21	0.1243
Ashes	3.58	3.62	3.64	0.09	0.10	0.9029
Ether extract	32.35	33.06	32.56	0.56	0.41	0.6698
Crude protein	54.71	53.80	54.80	0.42	1.68	0.2014
Amino acid composition (g/100 g DM)
Alanine	4.012^b	4.098^b	3.916^a	0.025	5.79	0.0066
Arginine	2.866^b	2.534^a	2.447^a	0.076	4.52	0.0177
Aspartic acid	4.968	4.720	5.570	0.360	1.24	0.3014
Cysteine	0.514	0.534	0.503	0.029	0.30	0.7450
Glutamic acid	6.815	6.885	6.583	0.173	0.75	0.4785
Glycine	2.593	2.640	2.500	0.067	0.99	0.3830
Histidine	1.636^b	1.482^a	1.606^a^b	0.036	3.21	0.0520
Isoleucine	2.297	2.294	2.256	0.042	0.29	0.7506
Leucine	3.913	3.823	3.904	0.081	0.36	0.7002
Lysine	3.032	2.962	2.969	0.039	0.89	0.4213
Methionine	0.795^a	0.848^b	0.772^a^b	0.022	2.32	0.1128
Phenylalanine	1.930^b	1.822^a	1.907^a^b	0.025	3.26	0.0501
Proline	3.177	3.168	3.080	0.043	1.28	0.2893
Serine	2.601	2.529	2.802	0.173	0.62	0.5461
Threonine	2.120^b	1.812^a	1.798^a	0.073	3.67	0.0354
Tyrosine	3.814^b	3.735^a	3.892^c	0.016	8.04	0.0013
Valine	3.551	3.540	3.494	0.039	0.56	0.5762
Fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids)
Lauric acid (C12:0)	0.131	0.147	0.131	0.008	1.14	0.3319
Myristic acid (C14:0)	1.678	1.719	1.660	0.065	0.21	0.8152
Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)	0.167^b	0.152^a	0.168^b	0.003	5.46	0.0085
Palmitic acid (C16:0)	16.82	16.98	16.97	0.11	0.69	0.5103
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1)	1.124^a	1.220^b	1.112^a	0.013	7.23	0.0023
Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)	0.214	0.210	0.228	0.011	0.65	0.5257
Cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (C17:1)	0.221	0.161	0.182	0.016	2.30	0.1140
Stearic acid (C18:0)	3.270	3.229	3.298	0.049	0.46	0.6351
Elaidic acid (C18:1n9t)	0.045	0.048	0.044	0.002	1.01	0.3731
Oleic acid (C18:1n9c)	32.59^a^b	34.44^b	32.09^a	0.581	2.99	0.0628
Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c)	40.28^b	38.35^a	40.62^b	0.49	3.73	0.0337
Arachidic acid (C20:0)	0.110	0.098	0.107	0.005	1.52	0.2323
G-Linolenic acid (C18:3n6)	0.049	0.051	0.051	0.003	0.15	0.8573
Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1)	0.251^b	0.223^a	0.243^b	0.003	7.57	0.0018
Linolenic acid (C18:3n3)	2.771	2.700	2.825	0.070	0.72	0.4955
Cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2)	0.088	0.074	0.082	0.004	2.18	0.1280
Cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3)	0.095	0.097	0.100	0.003	0.55	0.5844
Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6)	0.096	0.086	0.091	0.005	0.91	0.4103
SFA	22.38	22.53	22.56	0.10	0.80	0.4592
MUFA	34.23^a^b	36.10^b	33.67^a	0.59	3.06	0.0594
PUFA	43.38^b	41.37^a	43.76^b	0.55	3.37	0.0457
n-3	2.866	2.801	2.921	0.070	0.68	0.5147
n-6	40.43^b	38.49^a	40.76^b	0.49	3.70	0.0345
n-6/n-3	14.11	13.75	13.96	0.19	0.78	0.4662
PUFA/SFA	1.938^b	1.835^a	1.939^b	0.024	3.63	0.0367
SFA/UFA	0.288	0.291	0.291	0.002	0.80	0.4589
AI	0.305	0.310	0.307	0.003	0.78	0.4665
TI	0.473	0.479	0.476	0.003	0.97	0.3889

	Diets			SEM	F-value	P-value
	WB	FC	WBG	SEM	F-value	P-value
Chemical composition (g/100 g)
Dry matter (DM)	35.42	34.44	35.42	0.38	2.21	0.1243
Ashes	3.58	3.62	3.64	0.09	0.10	0.9029
Ether extract	32.35	33.06	32.56	0.56	0.41	0.6698
Crude protein	54.71	53.80	54.80	0.42	1.68	0.2014
Amino acid composition (g/100 g DM)
Alanine	4.012^b	4.098^b	3.916^a	0.025	5.79	0.0066
Arginine	2.866^b	2.534^a	2.447^a	0.076	4.52	0.0177
Aspartic acid	4.968	4.720	5.570	0.360	1.24	0.3014
Cysteine	0.514	0.534	0.503	0.029	0.30	0.7450
Glutamic acid	6.815	6.885	6.583	0.173	0.75	0.4785
Glycine	2.593	2.640	2.500	0.067	0.99	0.3830
Histidine	1.636^b	1.482^a	1.606^a^b	0.036	3.21	0.0520
Isoleucine	2.297	2.294	2.256	0.042	0.29	0.7506
Leucine	3.913	3.823	3.904	0.081	0.36	0.7002
Lysine	3.032	2.962	2.969	0.039	0.89	0.4213
Methionine	0.795^a	0.848^b	0.772^a^b	0.022	2.32	0.1128
Phenylalanine	1.930^b	1.822^a	1.907^a^b	0.025	3.26	0.0501
Proline	3.177	3.168	3.080	0.043	1.28	0.2893
Serine	2.601	2.529	2.802	0.173	0.62	0.5461
Threonine	2.120^b	1.812^a	1.798^a	0.073	3.67	0.0354
Tyrosine	3.814^b	3.735^a	3.892^c	0.016	8.04	0.0013
Valine	3.551	3.540	3.494	0.039	0.56	0.5762
Fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids)
Lauric acid (C12:0)	0.131	0.147	0.131	0.008	1.14	0.3319
Myristic acid (C14:0)	1.678	1.719	1.660	0.065	0.21	0.8152
Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)	0.167^b	0.152^a	0.168^b	0.003	5.46	0.0085
Palmitic acid (C16:0)	16.82	16.98	16.97	0.11	0.69	0.5103
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1)	1.124^a	1.220^b	1.112^a	0.013	7.23	0.0023
Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)	0.214	0.210	0.228	0.011	0.65	0.5257
Cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (C17:1)	0.221	0.161	0.182	0.016	2.30	0.1140
Stearic acid (C18:0)	3.270	3.229	3.298	0.049	0.46	0.6351
Elaidic acid (C18:1n9t)	0.045	0.048	0.044	0.002	1.01	0.3731
Oleic acid (C18:1n9c)	32.59^a^b	34.44^b	32.09^a	0.581	2.99	0.0628
Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c)	40.28^b	38.35^a	40.62^b	0.49	3.73	0.0337
Arachidic acid (C20:0)	0.110	0.098	0.107	0.005	1.52	0.2323
G-Linolenic acid (C18:3n6)	0.049	0.051	0.051	0.003	0.15	0.8573
Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1)	0.251^b	0.223^a	0.243^b	0.003	7.57	0.0018
Linolenic acid (C18:3n3)	2.771	2.700	2.825	0.070	0.72	0.4955
Cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2)	0.088	0.074	0.082	0.004	2.18	0.1280
Cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3)	0.095	0.097	0.100	0.003	0.55	0.5844
Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6)	0.096	0.086	0.091	0.005	0.91	0.4103
SFA	22.38	22.53	22.56	0.10	0.80	0.4592
MUFA	34.23^a^b	36.10^b	33.67^a	0.59	3.06	0.0594
PUFA	43.38^b	41.37^a	43.76^b	0.55	3.37	0.0457
n-3	2.866	2.801	2.921	0.070	0.68	0.5147
n-6	40.43^b	38.49^a	40.76^b	0.49	3.70	0.0345
n-6/n-3	14.11	13.75	13.96	0.19	0.78	0.4662
PUFA/SFA	1.938^b	1.835^a	1.939^b	0.024	3.63	0.0367
SFA/UFA	0.288	0.291	0.291	0.002	0.80	0.4589
AI	0.305	0.310	0.307	0.003	0.78	0.4665
TI	0.473	0.479	0.476	0.003	0.97	0.3889

WB: diet including wheat bran and water; FC: diet including wheat bran and fresh carrots; WBG: diet including wheat bran, wet brewer’s grains and water (see Table 3). SEM: standard error of the means.

^a,b,cMeans in the same row with no common superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05). SFA,saturated fatty acids [C14:0 + C15:0 + C16:0 + C17:0 + C18:0]; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; n-3: Omega-3 fatty acids; n-6: Omega-6 fatty acids; PUFA/SFA: ratio PUFA/SFA; SFA/UFA: ratio SFA/(MUFA + PUFA); AI, atherogenic index; TI, thrombogenic index.

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