Estimated odds ratios for the association between childhood maltreatment and cardiovascular disease in men
| CVD . | Maltreatment . | Mediators . | TCE . | NDE . | NIE . | Proportion mediated . | Additional contribution . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | |||||
| Any CVD | Physical abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.12 (1.05; 1.19) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 10.2 | – |
| + Smoking | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.11 (1.04; 1.18) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.03) | 18.2 | 8.0 | ||
| + BMI | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.06) | 37.7 | 19.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.06) | 39.6 | 1.9 | ||
| Sexual abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.13 (1.02; 1.26) | 1.03 (1.01; 1.06) | 21.0 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.13 (1.01; 1.27) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.07) | 22.8 | 1.8 | ||
| + BMI | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.12 (0.99; 1.25) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.08) | 31.3 | 8.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.10 (0.99; 1.24) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.09) | 34.0 | 2.6 | ||
| Emotional abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.16 (1.07; 1.26) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.05) | 16.5 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.15 (1.06; 1.25) | 1.04 (1.01; 1.06) | 21.2 | 4.7 | ||
| + BMI | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.13 (1.04; 1.23) | 1.05 (1.02; 1.08) | 31.7 | 10.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.13 (1.04; 1.22) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.08) | 32.5 | 0.8 | ||
| Emotional neglect | Anxiety/depression | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.09 (1.02; 1.16) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.03) | 15.7 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.08 (1.02; 1.15) | 1.02 (1.00; 1.04) | 20.8 | 5.1 | ||
| + BMI | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) | 24.7 | 3.9 | ||
| + CRP | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.07 (1.00; 1.14) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) | 26.1 | 1.5 | ||
| Physical neglect | Anxiety/depression | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.17 (1.09; 1.26) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 6.2 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.18 (1.09; 1.26) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 4.9 | −1.2 | ||
| + BMI | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.14 (1.06; 1.22) | 1.04 (1.03; 1.06) | 26.1 | 21.2 | ||
| + CRP | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.13 (1.05; 1.21) | 1.04 (1.03; 1.06) | 27.0 | 0.9 |
| CVD . | Maltreatment . | Mediators . | TCE . | NDE . | NIE . | Proportion mediated . | Additional contribution . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | |||||
| Any CVD | Physical abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.12 (1.05; 1.19) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 10.2 | – |
| + Smoking | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.11 (1.04; 1.18) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.03) | 18.2 | 8.0 | ||
| + BMI | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.06) | 37.7 | 19.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.06) | 39.6 | 1.9 | ||
| Sexual abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.13 (1.02; 1.26) | 1.03 (1.01; 1.06) | 21.0 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.13 (1.01; 1.27) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.07) | 22.8 | 1.8 | ||
| + BMI | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.12 (0.99; 1.25) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.08) | 31.3 | 8.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.10 (0.99; 1.24) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.09) | 34.0 | 2.6 | ||
| Emotional abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.16 (1.07; 1.26) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.05) | 16.5 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.15 (1.06; 1.25) | 1.04 (1.01; 1.06) | 21.2 | 4.7 | ||
| + BMI | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.13 (1.04; 1.23) | 1.05 (1.02; 1.08) | 31.7 | 10.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.13 (1.04; 1.22) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.08) | 32.5 | 0.8 | ||
| Emotional neglect | Anxiety/depression | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.09 (1.02; 1.16) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.03) | 15.7 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.08 (1.02; 1.15) | 1.02 (1.00; 1.04) | 20.8 | 5.1 | ||
| + BMI | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) | 24.7 | 3.9 | ||
| + CRP | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.07 (1.00; 1.14) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) | 26.1 | 1.5 | ||
| Physical neglect | Anxiety/depression | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.17 (1.09; 1.26) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 6.2 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.18 (1.09; 1.26) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 4.9 | −1.2 | ||
| + BMI | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.14 (1.06; 1.22) | 1.04 (1.03; 1.06) | 26.1 | 21.2 | ||
| + CRP | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.13 (1.05; 1.21) | 1.04 (1.03; 1.06) | 27.0 | 0.9 |
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NDE, natural direct effect; NIE, natural indirect effect; TCE, total causal effect.
Adjusted for age, year of birth, ethnicity, maternal smoking, number of siblings and family history of cardiovascular disease as baseline confounders, and for education and Townsend deprivation index as intermediate confounders.
Estimated odds ratios for the association between childhood maltreatment and cardiovascular disease in men
| CVD . | Maltreatment . | Mediators . | TCE . | NDE . | NIE . | Proportion mediated . | Additional contribution . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | |||||
| Any CVD | Physical abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.12 (1.05; 1.19) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 10.2 | – |
| + Smoking | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.11 (1.04; 1.18) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.03) | 18.2 | 8.0 | ||
| + BMI | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.06) | 37.7 | 19.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.06) | 39.6 | 1.9 | ||
| Sexual abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.13 (1.02; 1.26) | 1.03 (1.01; 1.06) | 21.0 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.13 (1.01; 1.27) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.07) | 22.8 | 1.8 | ||
| + BMI | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.12 (0.99; 1.25) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.08) | 31.3 | 8.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.10 (0.99; 1.24) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.09) | 34.0 | 2.6 | ||
| Emotional abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.16 (1.07; 1.26) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.05) | 16.5 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.15 (1.06; 1.25) | 1.04 (1.01; 1.06) | 21.2 | 4.7 | ||
| + BMI | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.13 (1.04; 1.23) | 1.05 (1.02; 1.08) | 31.7 | 10.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.13 (1.04; 1.22) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.08) | 32.5 | 0.8 | ||
| Emotional neglect | Anxiety/depression | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.09 (1.02; 1.16) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.03) | 15.7 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.08 (1.02; 1.15) | 1.02 (1.00; 1.04) | 20.8 | 5.1 | ||
| + BMI | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) | 24.7 | 3.9 | ||
| + CRP | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.07 (1.00; 1.14) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) | 26.1 | 1.5 | ||
| Physical neglect | Anxiety/depression | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.17 (1.09; 1.26) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 6.2 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.18 (1.09; 1.26) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 4.9 | −1.2 | ||
| + BMI | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.14 (1.06; 1.22) | 1.04 (1.03; 1.06) | 26.1 | 21.2 | ||
| + CRP | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.13 (1.05; 1.21) | 1.04 (1.03; 1.06) | 27.0 | 0.9 |
| CVD . | Maltreatment . | Mediators . | TCE . | NDE . | NIE . | Proportion mediated . | Additional contribution . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | |||||
| Any CVD | Physical abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.12 (1.05; 1.19) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 10.2 | – |
| + Smoking | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.11 (1.04; 1.18) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.03) | 18.2 | 8.0 | ||
| + BMI | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.06) | 37.7 | 19.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.06) | 39.6 | 1.9 | ||
| Sexual abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.13 (1.02; 1.26) | 1.03 (1.01; 1.06) | 21.0 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.13 (1.01; 1.27) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.07) | 22.8 | 1.8 | ||
| + BMI | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.12 (0.99; 1.25) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.08) | 31.3 | 8.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.17 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.10 (0.99; 1.24) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.09) | 34.0 | 2.6 | ||
| Emotional abuse | Anxiety/depression | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.16 (1.07; 1.26) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.05) | 16.5 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.15 (1.06; 1.25) | 1.04 (1.01; 1.06) | 21.2 | 4.7 | ||
| + BMI | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.13 (1.04; 1.23) | 1.05 (1.02; 1.08) | 31.7 | 10.5 | ||
| + CRP | 1.19 (1.10; 1.29) | 1.13 (1.04; 1.22) | 1.05 (1.03; 1.08) | 32.5 | 0.8 | ||
| Emotional neglect | Anxiety/depression | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.09 (1.02; 1.16) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.03) | 15.7 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.08 (1.02; 1.15) | 1.02 (1.00; 1.04) | 20.8 | 5.1 | ||
| + BMI | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) | 24.7 | 3.9 | ||
| + CRP | 1.10 (1.03; 1.17) | 1.07 (1.00; 1.14) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) | 26.1 | 1.5 | ||
| Physical neglect | Anxiety/depression | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.17 (1.09; 1.26) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 6.2 | – | |
| + Smoking | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.18 (1.09; 1.26) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.02) | 4.9 | −1.2 | ||
| + BMI | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.14 (1.06; 1.22) | 1.04 (1.03; 1.06) | 26.1 | 21.2 | ||
| + CRP | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27) | 1.13 (1.05; 1.21) | 1.04 (1.03; 1.06) | 27.0 | 0.9 |
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NDE, natural direct effect; NIE, natural indirect effect; TCE, total causal effect.
Adjusted for age, year of birth, ethnicity, maternal smoking, number of siblings and family history of cardiovascular disease as baseline confounders, and for education and Townsend deprivation index as intermediate confounders.
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