| Variable name . | Definition and explanation . |
|---|---|
| Dependent variables | |
| Adoption Extent of adoption | 1 = cultivated improved sunflower varieties, 0 = otherwise. |
| Quantity of improved sunflower seeds divided by the total land area cultivated by the household (with any crop). | |
| This is a proxy variable of the land area cultivated with improved sunflower varieties in the total land area cultivated by the household. | |
| Explanatory variables: characteristics of the household head | |
| Age | Age of household head in years. |
| Previous studies found a negative association between adoption and age (Simtowe et al. 2010; Yu et al. 2011; Seymour et al. 2016; Yigezu et al. 2018; Acheampong and Acheampong 2020). | |
| Female | 1 = female household head, 0 = otherwise. |
| Previous studies found a positive association between adoption and male gender (Amare et al. 2012; Abebe et al. 2013a; Ghimire and Huang 2015; Subedi et al. 2019). | |
| Risk aversion | Categories of increasing self-reported risk aversion (Likert scale): |
| • risk averse (“I never, rarely, or sometimes take chances”) | |
| • slightly risk averse (“I often take chances”) | |
| • not risk averse (“I always take chances”) | |
| Previous studies found a negative association between adoption and risk aversion (Liu 2013; Abdoulaye et al. 2018; Magnan et al. 2020; Bridle et al. 2019). | |
| Explanatory variables: household characteristics | |
| Household size | Number of household members. |
| Household size indicates the availability of family labour. Furthermore, households with more members may be more likely to obtain information about improved sunflower varieties because the larger the number of household members, the larger is the probability that a household member stumbles upon information about improved sunflower varieties (e.g., via acquaintances or work activities) and shares the information with the other household members. | |
| Previous studies found that adoption can be associated with smaller household sizes (Villano et al. 2015; Acheampong and Acheampong 2020) or larger household sizes (e.g. Yu et al. 2011; Khonje et al. 2015). | |
| Off-farm income | 1 = at least one household member has income from off-farm work, 0 = otherwise. |
| We use off-farm income as a proxy variable for the availability of financial resources (e.g., for purchasing seeds of improved sunflower varieties), the dependence of the household on agricultural income, and for the stability of household income given that agricultural income is often seasonal and insecure due to varying weather conditions. | |
| Previous studies found a positive association between adoption and non-farm income (Amare et al. 2012; Bezu et al. 2014; Armel Nonvide 2020). | |
| Variable name . | Definition and explanation . |
|---|---|
| Dependent variables | |
| Adoption Extent of adoption | 1 = cultivated improved sunflower varieties, 0 = otherwise. |
| Quantity of improved sunflower seeds divided by the total land area cultivated by the household (with any crop). | |
| This is a proxy variable of the land area cultivated with improved sunflower varieties in the total land area cultivated by the household. | |
| Explanatory variables: characteristics of the household head | |
| Age | Age of household head in years. |
| Previous studies found a negative association between adoption and age (Simtowe et al. 2010; Yu et al. 2011; Seymour et al. 2016; Yigezu et al. 2018; Acheampong and Acheampong 2020). | |
| Female | 1 = female household head, 0 = otherwise. |
| Previous studies found a positive association between adoption and male gender (Amare et al. 2012; Abebe et al. 2013a; Ghimire and Huang 2015; Subedi et al. 2019). | |
| Risk aversion | Categories of increasing self-reported risk aversion (Likert scale): |
| • risk averse (“I never, rarely, or sometimes take chances”) | |
| • slightly risk averse (“I often take chances”) | |
| • not risk averse (“I always take chances”) | |
| Previous studies found a negative association between adoption and risk aversion (Liu 2013; Abdoulaye et al. 2018; Magnan et al. 2020; Bridle et al. 2019). | |
| Explanatory variables: household characteristics | |
| Household size | Number of household members. |
| Household size indicates the availability of family labour. Furthermore, households with more members may be more likely to obtain information about improved sunflower varieties because the larger the number of household members, the larger is the probability that a household member stumbles upon information about improved sunflower varieties (e.g., via acquaintances or work activities) and shares the information with the other household members. | |
| Previous studies found that adoption can be associated with smaller household sizes (Villano et al. 2015; Acheampong and Acheampong 2020) or larger household sizes (e.g. Yu et al. 2011; Khonje et al. 2015). | |
| Off-farm income | 1 = at least one household member has income from off-farm work, 0 = otherwise. |
| We use off-farm income as a proxy variable for the availability of financial resources (e.g., for purchasing seeds of improved sunflower varieties), the dependence of the household on agricultural income, and for the stability of household income given that agricultural income is often seasonal and insecure due to varying weather conditions. | |
| Previous studies found a positive association between adoption and non-farm income (Amare et al. 2012; Bezu et al. 2014; Armel Nonvide 2020). | |
| Variable name . | Definition and explanation . |
|---|---|
| Dependent variables | |
| Adoption Extent of adoption | 1 = cultivated improved sunflower varieties, 0 = otherwise. |
| Quantity of improved sunflower seeds divided by the total land area cultivated by the household (with any crop). | |
| This is a proxy variable of the land area cultivated with improved sunflower varieties in the total land area cultivated by the household. | |
| Explanatory variables: characteristics of the household head | |
| Age | Age of household head in years. |
| Previous studies found a negative association between adoption and age (Simtowe et al. 2010; Yu et al. 2011; Seymour et al. 2016; Yigezu et al. 2018; Acheampong and Acheampong 2020). | |
| Female | 1 = female household head, 0 = otherwise. |
| Previous studies found a positive association between adoption and male gender (Amare et al. 2012; Abebe et al. 2013a; Ghimire and Huang 2015; Subedi et al. 2019). | |
| Risk aversion | Categories of increasing self-reported risk aversion (Likert scale): |
| • risk averse (“I never, rarely, or sometimes take chances”) | |
| • slightly risk averse (“I often take chances”) | |
| • not risk averse (“I always take chances”) | |
| Previous studies found a negative association between adoption and risk aversion (Liu 2013; Abdoulaye et al. 2018; Magnan et al. 2020; Bridle et al. 2019). | |
| Explanatory variables: household characteristics | |
| Household size | Number of household members. |
| Household size indicates the availability of family labour. Furthermore, households with more members may be more likely to obtain information about improved sunflower varieties because the larger the number of household members, the larger is the probability that a household member stumbles upon information about improved sunflower varieties (e.g., via acquaintances or work activities) and shares the information with the other household members. | |
| Previous studies found that adoption can be associated with smaller household sizes (Villano et al. 2015; Acheampong and Acheampong 2020) or larger household sizes (e.g. Yu et al. 2011; Khonje et al. 2015). | |
| Off-farm income | 1 = at least one household member has income from off-farm work, 0 = otherwise. |
| We use off-farm income as a proxy variable for the availability of financial resources (e.g., for purchasing seeds of improved sunflower varieties), the dependence of the household on agricultural income, and for the stability of household income given that agricultural income is often seasonal and insecure due to varying weather conditions. | |
| Previous studies found a positive association between adoption and non-farm income (Amare et al. 2012; Bezu et al. 2014; Armel Nonvide 2020). | |
| Variable name . | Definition and explanation . |
|---|---|
| Dependent variables | |
| Adoption Extent of adoption | 1 = cultivated improved sunflower varieties, 0 = otherwise. |
| Quantity of improved sunflower seeds divided by the total land area cultivated by the household (with any crop). | |
| This is a proxy variable of the land area cultivated with improved sunflower varieties in the total land area cultivated by the household. | |
| Explanatory variables: characteristics of the household head | |
| Age | Age of household head in years. |
| Previous studies found a negative association between adoption and age (Simtowe et al. 2010; Yu et al. 2011; Seymour et al. 2016; Yigezu et al. 2018; Acheampong and Acheampong 2020). | |
| Female | 1 = female household head, 0 = otherwise. |
| Previous studies found a positive association between adoption and male gender (Amare et al. 2012; Abebe et al. 2013a; Ghimire and Huang 2015; Subedi et al. 2019). | |
| Risk aversion | Categories of increasing self-reported risk aversion (Likert scale): |
| • risk averse (“I never, rarely, or sometimes take chances”) | |
| • slightly risk averse (“I often take chances”) | |
| • not risk averse (“I always take chances”) | |
| Previous studies found a negative association between adoption and risk aversion (Liu 2013; Abdoulaye et al. 2018; Magnan et al. 2020; Bridle et al. 2019). | |
| Explanatory variables: household characteristics | |
| Household size | Number of household members. |
| Household size indicates the availability of family labour. Furthermore, households with more members may be more likely to obtain information about improved sunflower varieties because the larger the number of household members, the larger is the probability that a household member stumbles upon information about improved sunflower varieties (e.g., via acquaintances or work activities) and shares the information with the other household members. | |
| Previous studies found that adoption can be associated with smaller household sizes (Villano et al. 2015; Acheampong and Acheampong 2020) or larger household sizes (e.g. Yu et al. 2011; Khonje et al. 2015). | |
| Off-farm income | 1 = at least one household member has income from off-farm work, 0 = otherwise. |
| We use off-farm income as a proxy variable for the availability of financial resources (e.g., for purchasing seeds of improved sunflower varieties), the dependence of the household on agricultural income, and for the stability of household income given that agricultural income is often seasonal and insecure due to varying weather conditions. | |
| Previous studies found a positive association between adoption and non-farm income (Amare et al. 2012; Bezu et al. 2014; Armel Nonvide 2020). | |
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