Measures of Genetic Diversity for Populations from D. pulex, D. pulicaria, and D. obtusa.
| Population ID . | πn . | πs . | πn/πs . | Effective population size (Ne) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA D. pulex | ||||
| BUS | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0002 (0.0001) | 0.1191 (0.0156) | 730 |
| CHQ | 0.0001 (0.0000) | 0.0010 (0.0002) | 0.1256 (0.0106) | 3,650 |
| EB | 0.0009 (0.0005) | 0.0076 (0.0010) | 0.1227 (0.0187) | 27,737 |
| KAP | 0.0001 (0.0000) | 0.0014 (0.0003) | 0.0704 (0.0084) | 5,109 |
| LPA | 0.0021 (0.0003) | 0.0187 (0.0019) | 0.1132 (0.0058) | 68,248 |
| LPB | 0.0025 (0.0005) | 0.0230 (0.0032) | 0.1066 (0.0076) | 83,942 |
| NFL | 0.0010 (0.0002) | 0.0107 (0.0015) | 0.0897 (0.0065) | 39,051 |
| PA | 0.0009 (0.0003) | 0.0046 (0.0010) | 0.1966 (0.0233) | 16,788 |
| POV | 0.0015 (0.0004) | 0.0134 (0.0022) | 0.1146 (0.0105) | 48,905 |
| TEX | 0.0009 (0.0002) | 0.0102 (0.0021) | 0.0921 (0.0070) | 37,226 |
| OA (Oregon) | 0.0009 (0.0005) | 0.0047 (0.0011) | 0.1848 (0.0304) | 17,153 |
| SH (Oregon) | 0.0019 (0.0004) | 0.0108 (0.0021) | 0.1743 (0.0133) | 39,416 |
| Non-NA D. pulex | ||||
| BEL (Europe) | 0.0007 (0.0002) | 0.0089 (0.0014) | 0.0784 (0.0064) | 32,482 |
| SZH (Asia) | 0.0019 (0.0007) | 0.0149 (0.0019) | 0.1293 (0.0139) | 54,380 |
| NA D. pulicaria | ||||
| BRA | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.1293 (0.0401) | 0 |
| CLO | 0.0031 (0.0006) | 0.0355 (0.0023) | 0.0864 (0.0049) | 129,562 |
| TF | 0.0001 (0.0001) | 0.0021 (0.0004) | 0.0526 (0.0083) | 7,664 |
| NA D. obtusa | ||||
| EBG | 0.0010 (0.0008) | 0.0020 (0.0011) | 0.4987 (0.1326) | 7,299 |
| PYR | 0.0012 (0.0003) | 0.0203 (0.0023) | 0.0592 (0.0045) | 74,088 |
| RAP | 0.0018 (0.0006) | 0.0199 (0.0022) | 0.0902 (0.0089) | 72,628 |
| Population ID . | πn . | πs . | πn/πs . | Effective population size (Ne) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA D. pulex | ||||
| BUS | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0002 (0.0001) | 0.1191 (0.0156) | 730 |
| CHQ | 0.0001 (0.0000) | 0.0010 (0.0002) | 0.1256 (0.0106) | 3,650 |
| EB | 0.0009 (0.0005) | 0.0076 (0.0010) | 0.1227 (0.0187) | 27,737 |
| KAP | 0.0001 (0.0000) | 0.0014 (0.0003) | 0.0704 (0.0084) | 5,109 |
| LPA | 0.0021 (0.0003) | 0.0187 (0.0019) | 0.1132 (0.0058) | 68,248 |
| LPB | 0.0025 (0.0005) | 0.0230 (0.0032) | 0.1066 (0.0076) | 83,942 |
| NFL | 0.0010 (0.0002) | 0.0107 (0.0015) | 0.0897 (0.0065) | 39,051 |
| PA | 0.0009 (0.0003) | 0.0046 (0.0010) | 0.1966 (0.0233) | 16,788 |
| POV | 0.0015 (0.0004) | 0.0134 (0.0022) | 0.1146 (0.0105) | 48,905 |
| TEX | 0.0009 (0.0002) | 0.0102 (0.0021) | 0.0921 (0.0070) | 37,226 |
| OA (Oregon) | 0.0009 (0.0005) | 0.0047 (0.0011) | 0.1848 (0.0304) | 17,153 |
| SH (Oregon) | 0.0019 (0.0004) | 0.0108 (0.0021) | 0.1743 (0.0133) | 39,416 |
| Non-NA D. pulex | ||||
| BEL (Europe) | 0.0007 (0.0002) | 0.0089 (0.0014) | 0.0784 (0.0064) | 32,482 |
| SZH (Asia) | 0.0019 (0.0007) | 0.0149 (0.0019) | 0.1293 (0.0139) | 54,380 |
| NA D. pulicaria | ||||
| BRA | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.1293 (0.0401) | 0 |
| CLO | 0.0031 (0.0006) | 0.0355 (0.0023) | 0.0864 (0.0049) | 129,562 |
| TF | 0.0001 (0.0001) | 0.0021 (0.0004) | 0.0526 (0.0083) | 7,664 |
| NA D. obtusa | ||||
| EBG | 0.0010 (0.0008) | 0.0020 (0.0011) | 0.4987 (0.1326) | 7,299 |
| PYR | 0.0012 (0.0003) | 0.0203 (0.0023) | 0.0592 (0.0045) | 74,088 |
| RAP | 0.0018 (0.0006) | 0.0199 (0.0022) | 0.0902 (0.0089) | 72,628 |
Within-population nucleotide diversity is the average number of nucleotide differences per site between randomly chosen sequences. The nonsynonymous and synonymous variation within populations is denoted by πn and πs, respectively. Numbers in parentheses are standard errors. The effective population size (Ne) for D. pulex populations was estimated as πs/2μ (as described in the Materials and Methods). The Ne for D. pulicaria and D. obtusa are estimated using the mutation rate for D. pulex. NA, North America.
Measures of Genetic Diversity for Populations from D. pulex, D. pulicaria, and D. obtusa.
| Population ID . | πn . | πs . | πn/πs . | Effective population size (Ne) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA D. pulex | ||||
| BUS | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0002 (0.0001) | 0.1191 (0.0156) | 730 |
| CHQ | 0.0001 (0.0000) | 0.0010 (0.0002) | 0.1256 (0.0106) | 3,650 |
| EB | 0.0009 (0.0005) | 0.0076 (0.0010) | 0.1227 (0.0187) | 27,737 |
| KAP | 0.0001 (0.0000) | 0.0014 (0.0003) | 0.0704 (0.0084) | 5,109 |
| LPA | 0.0021 (0.0003) | 0.0187 (0.0019) | 0.1132 (0.0058) | 68,248 |
| LPB | 0.0025 (0.0005) | 0.0230 (0.0032) | 0.1066 (0.0076) | 83,942 |
| NFL | 0.0010 (0.0002) | 0.0107 (0.0015) | 0.0897 (0.0065) | 39,051 |
| PA | 0.0009 (0.0003) | 0.0046 (0.0010) | 0.1966 (0.0233) | 16,788 |
| POV | 0.0015 (0.0004) | 0.0134 (0.0022) | 0.1146 (0.0105) | 48,905 |
| TEX | 0.0009 (0.0002) | 0.0102 (0.0021) | 0.0921 (0.0070) | 37,226 |
| OA (Oregon) | 0.0009 (0.0005) | 0.0047 (0.0011) | 0.1848 (0.0304) | 17,153 |
| SH (Oregon) | 0.0019 (0.0004) | 0.0108 (0.0021) | 0.1743 (0.0133) | 39,416 |
| Non-NA D. pulex | ||||
| BEL (Europe) | 0.0007 (0.0002) | 0.0089 (0.0014) | 0.0784 (0.0064) | 32,482 |
| SZH (Asia) | 0.0019 (0.0007) | 0.0149 (0.0019) | 0.1293 (0.0139) | 54,380 |
| NA D. pulicaria | ||||
| BRA | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.1293 (0.0401) | 0 |
| CLO | 0.0031 (0.0006) | 0.0355 (0.0023) | 0.0864 (0.0049) | 129,562 |
| TF | 0.0001 (0.0001) | 0.0021 (0.0004) | 0.0526 (0.0083) | 7,664 |
| NA D. obtusa | ||||
| EBG | 0.0010 (0.0008) | 0.0020 (0.0011) | 0.4987 (0.1326) | 7,299 |
| PYR | 0.0012 (0.0003) | 0.0203 (0.0023) | 0.0592 (0.0045) | 74,088 |
| RAP | 0.0018 (0.0006) | 0.0199 (0.0022) | 0.0902 (0.0089) | 72,628 |
| Population ID . | πn . | πs . | πn/πs . | Effective population size (Ne) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA D. pulex | ||||
| BUS | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0002 (0.0001) | 0.1191 (0.0156) | 730 |
| CHQ | 0.0001 (0.0000) | 0.0010 (0.0002) | 0.1256 (0.0106) | 3,650 |
| EB | 0.0009 (0.0005) | 0.0076 (0.0010) | 0.1227 (0.0187) | 27,737 |
| KAP | 0.0001 (0.0000) | 0.0014 (0.0003) | 0.0704 (0.0084) | 5,109 |
| LPA | 0.0021 (0.0003) | 0.0187 (0.0019) | 0.1132 (0.0058) | 68,248 |
| LPB | 0.0025 (0.0005) | 0.0230 (0.0032) | 0.1066 (0.0076) | 83,942 |
| NFL | 0.0010 (0.0002) | 0.0107 (0.0015) | 0.0897 (0.0065) | 39,051 |
| PA | 0.0009 (0.0003) | 0.0046 (0.0010) | 0.1966 (0.0233) | 16,788 |
| POV | 0.0015 (0.0004) | 0.0134 (0.0022) | 0.1146 (0.0105) | 48,905 |
| TEX | 0.0009 (0.0002) | 0.0102 (0.0021) | 0.0921 (0.0070) | 37,226 |
| OA (Oregon) | 0.0009 (0.0005) | 0.0047 (0.0011) | 0.1848 (0.0304) | 17,153 |
| SH (Oregon) | 0.0019 (0.0004) | 0.0108 (0.0021) | 0.1743 (0.0133) | 39,416 |
| Non-NA D. pulex | ||||
| BEL (Europe) | 0.0007 (0.0002) | 0.0089 (0.0014) | 0.0784 (0.0064) | 32,482 |
| SZH (Asia) | 0.0019 (0.0007) | 0.0149 (0.0019) | 0.1293 (0.0139) | 54,380 |
| NA D. pulicaria | ||||
| BRA | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.1293 (0.0401) | 0 |
| CLO | 0.0031 (0.0006) | 0.0355 (0.0023) | 0.0864 (0.0049) | 129,562 |
| TF | 0.0001 (0.0001) | 0.0021 (0.0004) | 0.0526 (0.0083) | 7,664 |
| NA D. obtusa | ||||
| EBG | 0.0010 (0.0008) | 0.0020 (0.0011) | 0.4987 (0.1326) | 7,299 |
| PYR | 0.0012 (0.0003) | 0.0203 (0.0023) | 0.0592 (0.0045) | 74,088 |
| RAP | 0.0018 (0.0006) | 0.0199 (0.0022) | 0.0902 (0.0089) | 72,628 |
Within-population nucleotide diversity is the average number of nucleotide differences per site between randomly chosen sequences. The nonsynonymous and synonymous variation within populations is denoted by πn and πs, respectively. Numbers in parentheses are standard errors. The effective population size (Ne) for D. pulex populations was estimated as πs/2μ (as described in the Materials and Methods). The Ne for D. pulicaria and D. obtusa are estimated using the mutation rate for D. pulex. NA, North America.
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