Summary of recently developed CRISPR–Cas tools that have been applied for genome editing and gene manipulation in plant cells
| CRISPR–Cas System . | Origin . | Target Cells . | Purpose . | PAM/PFS . | Brief Description . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type I-E CRISPR–Cas3 | S. thermophilus | Z. mays | Gene activation | AA | Gene activation was achieved at a similar level as dCas9-CBF1 in Z. mays. | Young et al. (2019) |
| Type I-D CRISPR–Cas10 (TiD) | M. aeruginosa | S. lycopersicum L. | Genome editing | GTT, GTC | TiD induced small indels and large deletions (∼7.5 kb) at target sites in tomatoes. | Osakabe et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | A. acidoterrestris, A. acidiphilus, and B. thermoamylovorans B. hisashii | O. sativa | Genome editing | VTTV (V: A, C, G) | Targeted mutagenesis in monocot rice was achieved with high specificity using AaCas12b, which was more efficient than other Cas12b. Deletions (4–14 bp) were larger than those induced by Cas9. | Ming et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | A. acidoterrestris | G. hirsutum | Genome editing | TTN | Genome editing of cottons, which is resistant to high temperature, were achieved using AacCas12b. | Wang et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | Bacillus sp. V3-13 and B. hisashii | A. thaliana | Genome editing | ATTA, ATTG | Genome editing of dicot Arabidopsis was achieved using BvCas12b and BhCas12b v4. | Wu et al. 2020 |
| Type V CRISPR–CasΦ | Bacteriophage genomes | A. thaliana | Genome editing | TBN (B: G, T, and C) | Small CasΦ has induced mutations into target genes in Arabidopsis protoplasts. | Pausch et al. (2020) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. wadei | O. sativa | RNA targeting | no | More than 50% knockdown of target gene was achieved by LwaCas13 in rice. | Abudayyeh et al. (2017) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. shahii | N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis | RNA targeting | A, U, and C | LshCas13a produced interference against TuMV expressing GFP in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis. | Aman et al. (2018a, 2018b) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. shahii | O. sativa, N. benthamiana | RNA targeting | No descriptions | LshCas13a inhibited virus infection in monocot and dicot plants. | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13d | R. flavefaciens | N. benthamiana | RNA targeting | No descriptions | CasRx indicated robust interference efficiencies with high specificity in N. benthamiana. | Mahas and Mahfouz (2018) |
| CRISPR–Cas System . | Origin . | Target Cells . | Purpose . | PAM/PFS . | Brief Description . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type I-E CRISPR–Cas3 | S. thermophilus | Z. mays | Gene activation | AA | Gene activation was achieved at a similar level as dCas9-CBF1 in Z. mays. | Young et al. (2019) |
| Type I-D CRISPR–Cas10 (TiD) | M. aeruginosa | S. lycopersicum L. | Genome editing | GTT, GTC | TiD induced small indels and large deletions (∼7.5 kb) at target sites in tomatoes. | Osakabe et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | A. acidoterrestris, A. acidiphilus, and B. thermoamylovorans B. hisashii | O. sativa | Genome editing | VTTV (V: A, C, G) | Targeted mutagenesis in monocot rice was achieved with high specificity using AaCas12b, which was more efficient than other Cas12b. Deletions (4–14 bp) were larger than those induced by Cas9. | Ming et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | A. acidoterrestris | G. hirsutum | Genome editing | TTN | Genome editing of cottons, which is resistant to high temperature, were achieved using AacCas12b. | Wang et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | Bacillus sp. V3-13 and B. hisashii | A. thaliana | Genome editing | ATTA, ATTG | Genome editing of dicot Arabidopsis was achieved using BvCas12b and BhCas12b v4. | Wu et al. 2020 |
| Type V CRISPR–CasΦ | Bacteriophage genomes | A. thaliana | Genome editing | TBN (B: G, T, and C) | Small CasΦ has induced mutations into target genes in Arabidopsis protoplasts. | Pausch et al. (2020) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. wadei | O. sativa | RNA targeting | no | More than 50% knockdown of target gene was achieved by LwaCas13 in rice. | Abudayyeh et al. (2017) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. shahii | N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis | RNA targeting | A, U, and C | LshCas13a produced interference against TuMV expressing GFP in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis. | Aman et al. (2018a, 2018b) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. shahii | O. sativa, N. benthamiana | RNA targeting | No descriptions | LshCas13a inhibited virus infection in monocot and dicot plants. | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13d | R. flavefaciens | N. benthamiana | RNA targeting | No descriptions | CasRx indicated robust interference efficiencies with high specificity in N. benthamiana. | Mahas and Mahfouz (2018) |
Summary of recently developed CRISPR–Cas tools that have been applied for genome editing and gene manipulation in plant cells
| CRISPR–Cas System . | Origin . | Target Cells . | Purpose . | PAM/PFS . | Brief Description . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type I-E CRISPR–Cas3 | S. thermophilus | Z. mays | Gene activation | AA | Gene activation was achieved at a similar level as dCas9-CBF1 in Z. mays. | Young et al. (2019) |
| Type I-D CRISPR–Cas10 (TiD) | M. aeruginosa | S. lycopersicum L. | Genome editing | GTT, GTC | TiD induced small indels and large deletions (∼7.5 kb) at target sites in tomatoes. | Osakabe et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | A. acidoterrestris, A. acidiphilus, and B. thermoamylovorans B. hisashii | O. sativa | Genome editing | VTTV (V: A, C, G) | Targeted mutagenesis in monocot rice was achieved with high specificity using AaCas12b, which was more efficient than other Cas12b. Deletions (4–14 bp) were larger than those induced by Cas9. | Ming et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | A. acidoterrestris | G. hirsutum | Genome editing | TTN | Genome editing of cottons, which is resistant to high temperature, were achieved using AacCas12b. | Wang et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | Bacillus sp. V3-13 and B. hisashii | A. thaliana | Genome editing | ATTA, ATTG | Genome editing of dicot Arabidopsis was achieved using BvCas12b and BhCas12b v4. | Wu et al. 2020 |
| Type V CRISPR–CasΦ | Bacteriophage genomes | A. thaliana | Genome editing | TBN (B: G, T, and C) | Small CasΦ has induced mutations into target genes in Arabidopsis protoplasts. | Pausch et al. (2020) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. wadei | O. sativa | RNA targeting | no | More than 50% knockdown of target gene was achieved by LwaCas13 in rice. | Abudayyeh et al. (2017) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. shahii | N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis | RNA targeting | A, U, and C | LshCas13a produced interference against TuMV expressing GFP in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis. | Aman et al. (2018a, 2018b) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. shahii | O. sativa, N. benthamiana | RNA targeting | No descriptions | LshCas13a inhibited virus infection in monocot and dicot plants. | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13d | R. flavefaciens | N. benthamiana | RNA targeting | No descriptions | CasRx indicated robust interference efficiencies with high specificity in N. benthamiana. | Mahas and Mahfouz (2018) |
| CRISPR–Cas System . | Origin . | Target Cells . | Purpose . | PAM/PFS . | Brief Description . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type I-E CRISPR–Cas3 | S. thermophilus | Z. mays | Gene activation | AA | Gene activation was achieved at a similar level as dCas9-CBF1 in Z. mays. | Young et al. (2019) |
| Type I-D CRISPR–Cas10 (TiD) | M. aeruginosa | S. lycopersicum L. | Genome editing | GTT, GTC | TiD induced small indels and large deletions (∼7.5 kb) at target sites in tomatoes. | Osakabe et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | A. acidoterrestris, A. acidiphilus, and B. thermoamylovorans B. hisashii | O. sativa | Genome editing | VTTV (V: A, C, G) | Targeted mutagenesis in monocot rice was achieved with high specificity using AaCas12b, which was more efficient than other Cas12b. Deletions (4–14 bp) were larger than those induced by Cas9. | Ming et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | A. acidoterrestris | G. hirsutum | Genome editing | TTN | Genome editing of cottons, which is resistant to high temperature, were achieved using AacCas12b. | Wang et al. (2020) |
| Type V-B CRISPR–Cas12b | Bacillus sp. V3-13 and B. hisashii | A. thaliana | Genome editing | ATTA, ATTG | Genome editing of dicot Arabidopsis was achieved using BvCas12b and BhCas12b v4. | Wu et al. 2020 |
| Type V CRISPR–CasΦ | Bacteriophage genomes | A. thaliana | Genome editing | TBN (B: G, T, and C) | Small CasΦ has induced mutations into target genes in Arabidopsis protoplasts. | Pausch et al. (2020) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. wadei | O. sativa | RNA targeting | no | More than 50% knockdown of target gene was achieved by LwaCas13 in rice. | Abudayyeh et al. (2017) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. shahii | N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis | RNA targeting | A, U, and C | LshCas13a produced interference against TuMV expressing GFP in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis. | Aman et al. (2018a, 2018b) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13a | L. shahii | O. sativa, N. benthamiana | RNA targeting | No descriptions | LshCas13a inhibited virus infection in monocot and dicot plants. | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| Type VI CRISPR–Cas13d | R. flavefaciens | N. benthamiana | RNA targeting | No descriptions | CasRx indicated robust interference efficiencies with high specificity in N. benthamiana. | Mahas and Mahfouz (2018) |
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
