Table 1 Open in new tab Study design. ....

	Year of publication	Study design	Training group n	Control group n	Kind of training	Intensity of training	Duration in weeks	Training sessions per week n	Time per session min	Training implementation^a
Studies including children only:
Jacobsen^17,23	2018	Cohort	13	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	–	12	3–4	60	Unsupervised, on television
Sutherland (home)²⁵	2018	Randomised trial	11	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	65–85% of HR at peak VO₂	8	2	60	Unsupervised
Sutherland (hospital)²⁵	2018	Randomised trial	6	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	65–85% of HR at peak VO₂	8	2	60	Supervised
Wittekind²⁶	2018	Cohort	10	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	70–80% of HRR	12	2	60	Supervised
Hedlund^28,39	2017	Cohort with controls	30	25	Aerobic training	–	12	2	45	Supervised
Laohachai³⁰	2017	Cohort	23	0	Inspiratory muscle training	30% of MIP	6	7	30	Unsupervised
Longmuir²⁴	2013	Randomised trial	30	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	–	52	7	10–15	Unsupervised
Opocher¹⁹	2005	Cohort	10	0	Aerobic training	50–70% of HR at peak VO₂	32	2	30–45	Unsupervised
Studies including adults only:
Fritz²¹	2019	Randomised controlled trial	42	22	Inspiratory muscle training	Adjusted individually	26	7	3 sets with 10–30 repetitions	Unsupervised
Wu³¹	2018	Cohort	12	0	Inspiratory muscle training	40% of MIP	12	5	30	Unsupervised
Cordina³²	2012	Cohort with controls	6	5	High-weight resistance training focusing on calf muscles.	–	20	3	60	Supervised
Lichtman²⁰	2008	Case study	1	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	19/20 on Borg scale	–	–	–	Supervised
Studies including children and adults:
Ait Ali¹⁸	2018	Cohort with controls	8	6	Respiratory training	–	12	1	120	Supervised
Duppen⁹^,^13–16	2015	Randomised controlled trail	26	17	Aerobic training	Rest HR plus 60–70% of HRR	12	2	60	Supervised
Brassard²²	2005	Cohort with controls	5	9	Aerobic + resistance exercises	50–80% of HR at peak VO₂	8	3	20–30	Half of the patients were supervised, half unsupervised
Minamisawa²⁹	2001	Cohort	11	0	Aerobic training	60–80% of peak HR	8–12	2–3	30–40	Unsupervised
Balfour²⁷	1991	Cohort	1	0	Aerobic training	>70% of peak HR	12	3	30–40	Supervised

Year of publication

Study design

Training group n

Control group n

Kind of training

Intensity of training

Duration in weeks

Training sessions per week n

Time per session min

Training implementation^a

Studies including children only:

Jacobsen^17,23

2018

Cohort

Aerobic + resistance exercises

–

3–4

Unsupervised, on television

Sutherland (home)²⁵

2018

Randomised trial

Aerobic + resistance exercises

65–85% of HR at peak VO₂

Unsupervised

Sutherland (hospital)²⁵

2018

Randomised trial

Aerobic + resistance exercises

65–85% of HR at peak VO₂

Supervised

Wittekind²⁶

2018

Cohort

Aerobic + resistance exercises

70–80% of HRR

Supervised

Hedlund^28,39

2017

Cohort with controls

Aerobic training

–

Supervised

Laohachai³⁰

2017

Cohort

Inspiratory muscle training

30% of MIP

Unsupervised

Longmuir²⁴

2013

Randomised trial

Aerobic + resistance exercises

–

10–15

Unsupervised

Opocher¹⁹

2005

Cohort

Aerobic training

50–70% of HR at peak VO₂

30–45

Unsupervised

Studies including adults only:

Fritz²¹

2019

Randomised controlled trial

Inspiratory muscle training

Adjusted individually

3 sets with 10–30 repetitions

Unsupervised

Wu³¹

2018

Cohort

Inspiratory muscle training

40% of MIP

Unsupervised

Cordina³²

2012

Cohort with controls

High-weight resistance training focusing on calf muscles.

–

Supervised

Lichtman²⁰

2008

Case study

Aerobic + resistance exercises

19/20 on Borg scale

–

Supervised

Studies including children and adults:

Ait Ali¹⁸

2018

Cohort with controls

Respiratory training

–

120

Supervised

Duppen⁹^,^13–16

2015

Randomised controlled trail

Aerobic training

Rest HR plus 60–70% of HRR

Supervised

Brassard²²

2005

Cohort with controls

Aerobic + resistance exercises

50–80% of HR at peak VO₂

20–30

Half of the patients were supervised, half unsupervised

Minamisawa²⁹

2001

Cohort

Aerobic training

60–80% of peak HR

8–12

2–3

30–40

Unsupervised

Balfour²⁷

1991

Cohort

Aerobic training

>70% of peak HR

30–40

Supervised

	Year of publication	Study design	Training group n	Control group n	Kind of training	Intensity of training	Duration in weeks	Training sessions per week n	Time per session min	Training implementation^a
Studies including children only:
Jacobsen^17,23	2018	Cohort	13	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	–	12	3–4	60	Unsupervised, on television
Sutherland (home)²⁵	2018	Randomised trial	11	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	65–85% of HR at peak VO₂	8	2	60	Unsupervised
Sutherland (hospital)²⁵	2018	Randomised trial	6	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	65–85% of HR at peak VO₂	8	2	60	Supervised
Wittekind²⁶	2018	Cohort	10	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	70–80% of HRR	12	2	60	Supervised
Hedlund^28,39	2017	Cohort with controls	30	25	Aerobic training	–	12	2	45	Supervised
Laohachai³⁰	2017	Cohort	23	0	Inspiratory muscle training	30% of MIP	6	7	30	Unsupervised
Longmuir²⁴	2013	Randomised trial	30	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	–	52	7	10–15	Unsupervised
Opocher¹⁹	2005	Cohort	10	0	Aerobic training	50–70% of HR at peak VO₂	32	2	30–45	Unsupervised
Studies including adults only:
Fritz²¹	2019	Randomised controlled trial	42	22	Inspiratory muscle training	Adjusted individually	26	7	3 sets with 10–30 repetitions	Unsupervised
Wu³¹	2018	Cohort	12	0	Inspiratory muscle training	40% of MIP	12	5	30	Unsupervised
Cordina³²	2012	Cohort with controls	6	5	High-weight resistance training focusing on calf muscles.	–	20	3	60	Supervised
Lichtman²⁰	2008	Case study	1	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	19/20 on Borg scale	–	–	–	Supervised
Studies including children and adults:
Ait Ali¹⁸	2018	Cohort with controls	8	6	Respiratory training	–	12	1	120	Supervised
Duppen⁹^,^13–16	2015	Randomised controlled trail	26	17	Aerobic training	Rest HR plus 60–70% of HRR	12	2	60	Supervised
Brassard²²	2005	Cohort with controls	5	9	Aerobic + resistance exercises	50–80% of HR at peak VO₂	8	3	20–30	Half of the patients were supervised, half unsupervised
Minamisawa²⁹	2001	Cohort	11	0	Aerobic training	60–80% of peak HR	8–12	2–3	30–40	Unsupervised
Balfour²⁷	1991	Cohort	1	0	Aerobic training	>70% of peak HR	12	3	30–40	Supervised

Table 1

Open in new tab

Study design.

	Year of publication	Study design	Training group n	Control group n	Kind of training	Intensity of training	Duration in weeks	Training sessions per week n	Time per session min	Training implementation^a
Studies including children only:
Jacobsen^17,23	2018	Cohort	13	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	–	12	3–4	60	Unsupervised, on television
Sutherland (home)²⁵	2018	Randomised trial	11	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	65–85% of HR at peak VO₂	8	2	60	Unsupervised
Sutherland (hospital)²⁵	2018	Randomised trial	6	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	65–85% of HR at peak VO₂	8	2	60	Supervised
Wittekind²⁶	2018	Cohort	10	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	70–80% of HRR	12	2	60	Supervised
Hedlund^28,39	2017	Cohort with controls	30	25	Aerobic training	–	12	2	45	Supervised
Laohachai³⁰	2017	Cohort	23	0	Inspiratory muscle training	30% of MIP	6	7	30	Unsupervised
Longmuir²⁴	2013	Randomised trial	30	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	–	52	7	10–15	Unsupervised
Opocher¹⁹	2005	Cohort	10	0	Aerobic training	50–70% of HR at peak VO₂	32	2	30–45	Unsupervised
Studies including adults only:
Fritz²¹	2019	Randomised controlled trial	42	22	Inspiratory muscle training	Adjusted individually	26	7	3 sets with 10–30 repetitions	Unsupervised
Wu³¹	2018	Cohort	12	0	Inspiratory muscle training	40% of MIP	12	5	30	Unsupervised
Cordina³²	2012	Cohort with controls	6	5	High-weight resistance training focusing on calf muscles.	–	20	3	60	Supervised
Lichtman²⁰	2008	Case study	1	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	19/20 on Borg scale	–	–	–	Supervised
Studies including children and adults:
Ait Ali¹⁸	2018	Cohort with controls	8	6	Respiratory training	–	12	1	120	Supervised
Duppen⁹^,^13–16	2015	Randomised controlled trail	26	17	Aerobic training	Rest HR plus 60–70% of HRR	12	2	60	Supervised
Brassard²²	2005	Cohort with controls	5	9	Aerobic + resistance exercises	50–80% of HR at peak VO₂	8	3	20–30	Half of the patients were supervised, half unsupervised
Minamisawa²⁹	2001	Cohort	11	0	Aerobic training	60–80% of peak HR	8–12	2–3	30–40	Unsupervised
Balfour²⁷	1991	Cohort	1	0	Aerobic training	>70% of peak HR	12	3	30–40	Supervised

	Year of publication	Study design	Training group n	Control group n	Kind of training	Intensity of training	Duration in weeks	Training sessions per week n	Time per session min	Training implementation^a
Studies including children only:
Jacobsen^17,23	2018	Cohort	13	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	–	12	3–4	60	Unsupervised, on television
Sutherland (home)²⁵	2018	Randomised trial	11	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	65–85% of HR at peak VO₂	8	2	60	Unsupervised
Sutherland (hospital)²⁵	2018	Randomised trial	6	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	65–85% of HR at peak VO₂	8	2	60	Supervised
Wittekind²⁶	2018	Cohort	10	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	70–80% of HRR	12	2	60	Supervised
Hedlund^28,39	2017	Cohort with controls	30	25	Aerobic training	–	12	2	45	Supervised
Laohachai³⁰	2017	Cohort	23	0	Inspiratory muscle training	30% of MIP	6	7	30	Unsupervised
Longmuir²⁴	2013	Randomised trial	30	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	–	52	7	10–15	Unsupervised
Opocher¹⁹	2005	Cohort	10	0	Aerobic training	50–70% of HR at peak VO₂	32	2	30–45	Unsupervised
Studies including adults only:
Fritz²¹	2019	Randomised controlled trial	42	22	Inspiratory muscle training	Adjusted individually	26	7	3 sets with 10–30 repetitions	Unsupervised
Wu³¹	2018	Cohort	12	0	Inspiratory muscle training	40% of MIP	12	5	30	Unsupervised
Cordina³²	2012	Cohort with controls	6	5	High-weight resistance training focusing on calf muscles.	–	20	3	60	Supervised
Lichtman²⁰	2008	Case study	1	0	Aerobic + resistance exercises	19/20 on Borg scale	–	–	–	Supervised
Studies including children and adults:
Ait Ali¹⁸	2018	Cohort with controls	8	6	Respiratory training	–	12	1	120	Supervised
Duppen⁹^,^13–16	2015	Randomised controlled trail	26	17	Aerobic training	Rest HR plus 60–70% of HRR	12	2	60	Supervised
Brassard²²	2005	Cohort with controls	5	9	Aerobic + resistance exercises	50–80% of HR at peak VO₂	8	3	20–30	Half of the patients were supervised, half unsupervised
Minamisawa²⁹	2001	Cohort	11	0	Aerobic training	60–80% of peak HR	8–12	2–3	30–40	Unsupervised
Balfour²⁷	1991	Cohort	1	0	Aerobic training	>70% of peak HR	12	3	30–40	Supervised

HR: heart rate; HRR: heart rate reserve; min: minutes; MIP: maximal inspiratory pressure; n: number; peak HR: peak heart rate; VO₂: oxygen uptake.

The sign ‘–' indicates not mentioned in the article.

^aA study was referred to as supervised when all training sessions were instructor-led.

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