| Group . | SCZ . | MDD . | HC . | Statistics . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | All (n = 45) | All (n = 45) | All (n = 45) | X2 (df) | P |
| Gender (female: male) | 19: 26b | 26: 19b | 22: 23 | 2.19 (2) | .334 |
| m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P | |
| Age | 37.3 (11.9) | 37.6 (11.3) | 37.9 (11.4) | 0.03 (2,132) | .972 |
| Severity of illness | m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P |
| Disease duration (y) | 10.1 (6.9) | 11.3 (6.3) | — | 0.67* (1,86) | .414 |
| CPZ | 328.7 (316.7) | — | — | ||
| PANSSpositive | 21.0 (5.8) | — | — | ||
| PANSSnegative | 17.1 (5.8) | — | — | ||
| PANSSgeneral | 38.3 (9.7) | — | — | ||
| PANSStotal | 76.4 (18.0) | — | — | ||
| PANSSpositive-factora | 13.1 (3.8) | ||||
| H-MDRS | — | 20.7 (6.8) | — | ||
| BDI | — | 24.5 (10.0) | — | ||
| GAF | 58.5 (10.0) | 63.6 (5.2) | — | 9.48* (1,87) | .003 |
| CGI | 4.3 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.7) | — | 0.35* (1,87) | .557 |
| PDI | 31.8 (9.1) | 6.2 (7.4) | 1.6 (2.4) | 248.2 (2,132) | <.001 |
| Neuropsychological tests | m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P |
| Premorbid IQ (PIA-IQ) | 106.6 (3.3) | 107.3 (4.3) | 106.9 (3.5) | 0.43* (2,130) | .654 |
| CRT reaction times (ms) | |||||
| First run | 429.4 (151.9) | 409.4 (138.8) | 384.6 (87.6) | 1.36 (2,132) | .260 |
| Second run | 430.7 (154.0) | 416.3 (149.2) | 380.4 (79.8) | 1.73 (2,132) | .181 |
| TMT A performance score (s) | 40.7 (20.6) | 26.1 (7.0) | 26.4 (11.3) | 15.60 (2,132) | <.001 |
| TMT B performance score (s) | 91.5 (35.0) | 59.2 (20.1) | 65.3 (21.3) | 19.09 (2,132) | <.001 |
| d2 attention task score | 233.0 (67.2) | 248.2 (44.8) | 252.5 (36.4) | 1.75* (2,129) | .177 |
| Group . | SCZ . | MDD . | HC . | Statistics . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | All (n = 45) | All (n = 45) | All (n = 45) | X2 (df) | P |
| Gender (female: male) | 19: 26b | 26: 19b | 22: 23 | 2.19 (2) | .334 |
| m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P | |
| Age | 37.3 (11.9) | 37.6 (11.3) | 37.9 (11.4) | 0.03 (2,132) | .972 |
| Severity of illness | m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P |
| Disease duration (y) | 10.1 (6.9) | 11.3 (6.3) | — | 0.67* (1,86) | .414 |
| CPZ | 328.7 (316.7) | — | — | ||
| PANSSpositive | 21.0 (5.8) | — | — | ||
| PANSSnegative | 17.1 (5.8) | — | — | ||
| PANSSgeneral | 38.3 (9.7) | — | — | ||
| PANSStotal | 76.4 (18.0) | — | — | ||
| PANSSpositive-factora | 13.1 (3.8) | ||||
| H-MDRS | — | 20.7 (6.8) | — | ||
| BDI | — | 24.5 (10.0) | — | ||
| GAF | 58.5 (10.0) | 63.6 (5.2) | — | 9.48* (1,87) | .003 |
| CGI | 4.3 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.7) | — | 0.35* (1,87) | .557 |
| PDI | 31.8 (9.1) | 6.2 (7.4) | 1.6 (2.4) | 248.2 (2,132) | <.001 |
| Neuropsychological tests | m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P |
| Premorbid IQ (PIA-IQ) | 106.6 (3.3) | 107.3 (4.3) | 106.9 (3.5) | 0.43* (2,130) | .654 |
| CRT reaction times (ms) | |||||
| First run | 429.4 (151.9) | 409.4 (138.8) | 384.6 (87.6) | 1.36 (2,132) | .260 |
| Second run | 430.7 (154.0) | 416.3 (149.2) | 380.4 (79.8) | 1.73 (2,132) | .181 |
| TMT A performance score (s) | 40.7 (20.6) | 26.1 (7.0) | 26.4 (11.3) | 15.60 (2,132) | <.001 |
| TMT B performance score (s) | 91.5 (35.0) | 59.2 (20.1) | 65.3 (21.3) | 19.09 (2,132) | <.001 |
| d2 attention task score | 233.0 (67.2) | 248.2 (44.8) | 252.5 (36.4) | 1.75* (2,129) | .177 |
Note: Statistics reflect group comparisons. SCZ, schizophrenia; MDD, major depressive disorder; HC, healthy controls; n, number of participants; m, mean; sd, standard deviation; df, degrees of freedom; X2, Chi-square test; F, F-statistic; ms, milliseconds; PANSS, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale; PANSSpositive, PANSS positive subscale score; PANSSnegative, PANSS negative subscale score; PANSSgeneral, PANSS general subscale score; PANSStotal, PANSS total sum score;
aPANSSpositive-factor according to Wallwork et al.38; H-MDRS, Hamilton Disease Rating Scale for Depression; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; GAF, Global Assessment Of Functioning; CGI, Clinical Global Impression Scale; PDI, Peters et al. Delusions Inventory; IQ, intelligence quotient, PI A-IQ, premorbid intelligence assessment of IQ; CRT, Choice Reaction-time Task; TMT, trail-making task.
bThe observed divergent gender distributions are common for studies on patients with schizophrenia (usually more male participants) and patients with major depression (usually more female participants).
*Indicates missing values in 1 (GAF, CGI), 2 (disease duration, premorbid IQ), or 3 (d2 attention task) participants, respectively. Significant results are highlighted in bold.
| Group . | SCZ . | MDD . | HC . | Statistics . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | All (n = 45) | All (n = 45) | All (n = 45) | X2 (df) | P |
| Gender (female: male) | 19: 26b | 26: 19b | 22: 23 | 2.19 (2) | .334 |
| m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P | |
| Age | 37.3 (11.9) | 37.6 (11.3) | 37.9 (11.4) | 0.03 (2,132) | .972 |
| Severity of illness | m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P |
| Disease duration (y) | 10.1 (6.9) | 11.3 (6.3) | — | 0.67* (1,86) | .414 |
| CPZ | 328.7 (316.7) | — | — | ||
| PANSSpositive | 21.0 (5.8) | — | — | ||
| PANSSnegative | 17.1 (5.8) | — | — | ||
| PANSSgeneral | 38.3 (9.7) | — | — | ||
| PANSStotal | 76.4 (18.0) | — | — | ||
| PANSSpositive-factora | 13.1 (3.8) | ||||
| H-MDRS | — | 20.7 (6.8) | — | ||
| BDI | — | 24.5 (10.0) | — | ||
| GAF | 58.5 (10.0) | 63.6 (5.2) | — | 9.48* (1,87) | .003 |
| CGI | 4.3 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.7) | — | 0.35* (1,87) | .557 |
| PDI | 31.8 (9.1) | 6.2 (7.4) | 1.6 (2.4) | 248.2 (2,132) | <.001 |
| Neuropsychological tests | m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P |
| Premorbid IQ (PIA-IQ) | 106.6 (3.3) | 107.3 (4.3) | 106.9 (3.5) | 0.43* (2,130) | .654 |
| CRT reaction times (ms) | |||||
| First run | 429.4 (151.9) | 409.4 (138.8) | 384.6 (87.6) | 1.36 (2,132) | .260 |
| Second run | 430.7 (154.0) | 416.3 (149.2) | 380.4 (79.8) | 1.73 (2,132) | .181 |
| TMT A performance score (s) | 40.7 (20.6) | 26.1 (7.0) | 26.4 (11.3) | 15.60 (2,132) | <.001 |
| TMT B performance score (s) | 91.5 (35.0) | 59.2 (20.1) | 65.3 (21.3) | 19.09 (2,132) | <.001 |
| d2 attention task score | 233.0 (67.2) | 248.2 (44.8) | 252.5 (36.4) | 1.75* (2,129) | .177 |
| Group . | SCZ . | MDD . | HC . | Statistics . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | All (n = 45) | All (n = 45) | All (n = 45) | X2 (df) | P |
| Gender (female: male) | 19: 26b | 26: 19b | 22: 23 | 2.19 (2) | .334 |
| m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P | |
| Age | 37.3 (11.9) | 37.6 (11.3) | 37.9 (11.4) | 0.03 (2,132) | .972 |
| Severity of illness | m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P |
| Disease duration (y) | 10.1 (6.9) | 11.3 (6.3) | — | 0.67* (1,86) | .414 |
| CPZ | 328.7 (316.7) | — | — | ||
| PANSSpositive | 21.0 (5.8) | — | — | ||
| PANSSnegative | 17.1 (5.8) | — | — | ||
| PANSSgeneral | 38.3 (9.7) | — | — | ||
| PANSStotal | 76.4 (18.0) | — | — | ||
| PANSSpositive-factora | 13.1 (3.8) | ||||
| H-MDRS | — | 20.7 (6.8) | — | ||
| BDI | — | 24.5 (10.0) | — | ||
| GAF | 58.5 (10.0) | 63.6 (5.2) | — | 9.48* (1,87) | .003 |
| CGI | 4.3 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.7) | — | 0.35* (1,87) | .557 |
| PDI | 31.8 (9.1) | 6.2 (7.4) | 1.6 (2.4) | 248.2 (2,132) | <.001 |
| Neuropsychological tests | m (sd) | m (sd) | m (sd) | F (df1, df2) | P |
| Premorbid IQ (PIA-IQ) | 106.6 (3.3) | 107.3 (4.3) | 106.9 (3.5) | 0.43* (2,130) | .654 |
| CRT reaction times (ms) | |||||
| First run | 429.4 (151.9) | 409.4 (138.8) | 384.6 (87.6) | 1.36 (2,132) | .260 |
| Second run | 430.7 (154.0) | 416.3 (149.2) | 380.4 (79.8) | 1.73 (2,132) | .181 |
| TMT A performance score (s) | 40.7 (20.6) | 26.1 (7.0) | 26.4 (11.3) | 15.60 (2,132) | <.001 |
| TMT B performance score (s) | 91.5 (35.0) | 59.2 (20.1) | 65.3 (21.3) | 19.09 (2,132) | <.001 |
| d2 attention task score | 233.0 (67.2) | 248.2 (44.8) | 252.5 (36.4) | 1.75* (2,129) | .177 |
Note: Statistics reflect group comparisons. SCZ, schizophrenia; MDD, major depressive disorder; HC, healthy controls; n, number of participants; m, mean; sd, standard deviation; df, degrees of freedom; X2, Chi-square test; F, F-statistic; ms, milliseconds; PANSS, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale; PANSSpositive, PANSS positive subscale score; PANSSnegative, PANSS negative subscale score; PANSSgeneral, PANSS general subscale score; PANSStotal, PANSS total sum score;
aPANSSpositive-factor according to Wallwork et al.38; H-MDRS, Hamilton Disease Rating Scale for Depression; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; GAF, Global Assessment Of Functioning; CGI, Clinical Global Impression Scale; PDI, Peters et al. Delusions Inventory; IQ, intelligence quotient, PI A-IQ, premorbid intelligence assessment of IQ; CRT, Choice Reaction-time Task; TMT, trail-making task.
bThe observed divergent gender distributions are common for studies on patients with schizophrenia (usually more male participants) and patients with major depression (usually more female participants).
*Indicates missing values in 1 (GAF, CGI), 2 (disease duration, premorbid IQ), or 3 (d2 attention task) participants, respectively. Significant results are highlighted in bold.
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