Table 3 Open in new tab The prognostic...

	Participants < 65 years (events = 21)	Participants ≥ 65 years(events = 45)
Unadjusted	1.60 (1.15–2.21)	0.005	1.02 (0.81–1.29)	0.88
Model 1	1.33 (1.05–1.67)	0.016	0.96 (0.80–1.14)	0.61
Model 2	1.27 (1.01–1.58)	0.038	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.51
Model 3	1.28 (1.02–1.61)	0.036	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.50
Model 4	1.30 (1.03–1.64)	0.028	0.85 (0.70–1.04)	0.11
Model 5	1.30 (1.02–1.64)	0.031	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.54
Model 6	1.29 (1.01–1.64)	0.043	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	0.80
Model 7	1.30 (1.02–1.65)	0.032	0.91 (0.75–1.10)	0.35
Model 8	1.32 (1.04–1.68)	0.022	0.93 (0.78–1.11)	0.40

Participants < 65 years (events = 21)

Participants ≥ 65 years(events = 45)

PALS, per 5% decrease

HR (95% CI)

P-value

HR (95% CI)

P-value

Unadjusted

1.60 (1.15–2.21)

0.005

1.02 (0.81–1.29)

0.88

Model 1

1.33 (1.05–1.67)

0.016

0.96 (0.80–1.14)

0.61

Model 2

1.27 (1.01–1.58)

0.038

0.94 (0.79–1.13)

0.51

Model 3

1.28 (1.02–1.61)

0.036

0.94 (0.79–1.13)

0.50

Model 4

1.30 (1.03–1.64)

0.028

0.85 (0.70–1.04)

0.11

Model 5

1.30 (1.02–1.64)

0.031

0.94 (0.79–1.13)

0.54

Model 6

1.29 (1.01–1.64)

0.043

1.03 (0.84–1.26)

0.80

Model 7

1.30 (1.02–1.65)

0.032

0.91 (0.75–1.10)

0.35

Model 8

1.32 (1.04–1.68)

0.022

0.93 (0.78–1.11)

0.40

	Participants < 65 years (events = 21)	Participants ≥ 65 years(events = 45)
Unadjusted	1.60 (1.15–2.21)	0.005	1.02 (0.81–1.29)	0.88
Model 1	1.33 (1.05–1.67)	0.016	0.96 (0.80–1.14)	0.61
Model 2	1.27 (1.01–1.58)	0.038	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.51
Model 3	1.28 (1.02–1.61)	0.036	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.50
Model 4	1.30 (1.03–1.64)	0.028	0.85 (0.70–1.04)	0.11
Model 5	1.30 (1.02–1.64)	0.031	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.54
Model 6	1.29 (1.01–1.64)	0.043	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	0.80
Model 7	1.30 (1.02–1.65)	0.032	0.91 (0.75–1.10)	0.35
Model 8	1.32 (1.04–1.68)	0.022	0.93 (0.78–1.11)	0.40

Table 3

Open in new tab

The prognostic value of PALS in predicting the composite outcome of AF and ischaemic stroke

	Participants < 65 years (events = 21)		Participants ≥ 65 years(events = 45)
PALS, per 5% decrease	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Unadjusted	1.60 (1.15–2.21)	0.005	1.02 (0.81–1.29)	0.88
Model 1	1.33 (1.05–1.67)	0.016	0.96 (0.80–1.14)	0.61
Model 2	1.27 (1.01–1.58)	0.038	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.51
Model 3	1.28 (1.02–1.61)	0.036	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.50
Model 4	1.30 (1.03–1.64)	0.028	0.85 (0.70–1.04)	0.11
Model 5	1.30 (1.02–1.64)	0.031	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.54
Model 6	1.29 (1.01–1.64)	0.043	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	0.80
Model 7	1.30 (1.02–1.65)	0.032	0.91 (0.75–1.10)	0.35
Model 8	1.32 (1.04–1.68)	0.022	0.93 (0.78–1.11)	0.40

	Participants < 65 years (events = 21)		Participants ≥ 65 years(events = 45)
PALS, per 5% decrease	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Unadjusted	1.60 (1.15–2.21)	0.005	1.02 (0.81–1.29)	0.88
Model 1	1.33 (1.05–1.67)	0.016	0.96 (0.80–1.14)	0.61
Model 2	1.27 (1.01–1.58)	0.038	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.51
Model 3	1.28 (1.02–1.61)	0.036	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.50
Model 4	1.30 (1.03–1.64)	0.028	0.85 (0.70–1.04)	0.11
Model 5	1.30 (1.02–1.64)	0.031	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	0.54
Model 6	1.29 (1.01–1.64)	0.043	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	0.80
Model 7	1.30 (1.02–1.65)	0.032	0.91 (0.75–1.10)	0.35
Model 8	1.32 (1.04–1.68)	0.022	0.93 (0.78–1.11)	0.40

Model 1: adjusted for sex and BMI. Model 2: adjusted for sex, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes. Model 3: adjusted for sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate. Model 4 is identical to Model 3 with additional adjustment for LAVI. Model 5 is identical to Model 3 with additional adjustment for LVEF. Model 6 is identical to Model 3 with additional adjustment for LVMI. Model 7 is identical to Model 3 with additional adjustment for E/e′. Model 8 is identical to Model 3 with additional adjustment for proBNP.

AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; E, peak transmitral early diastolic inflow velocity; e′, average peak early diastolic longitudinal mitral annular velocity determined by colour TDI; HR, hazard ratio; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PALS, peak atrial longitudinal strain; proBNP, pro B-type natriuretic peptide.

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only