Table 3 Open in new tab Right heart...

Variable

Controls (n = 50)

Users (n = 65)

Non-users (n = 60)

RV wall thickness (mm)

3.4 ± 1.1

3.7 ± 1.2

3.5 ± 1.2

RVD1 (mm)

31.4 ± 3.4

34.9 ± 3.5^*

32.7 ± 3.4

RVD2 (mm)

27.3 ± 1.8

30.9 ± 5.3^*

28.2 ± 2.1

RVD3 (mm)

76.2 ± 4.2

77.9 ± 5.2

76.3 ± 4.7

RVOT diameter (mm)

27.3 ± 5.8

28.9 ± 6.4

28.2 ± 5.9

PASP (mmHg)

21.6 ± 3.1

35.5 ± 6.8^**

28.5 ± 5.8

TAPSE (mm)

23.6 ± 3.4

21.4 ± 3.4

22.4 ± 3.4

TDI RV peak systolic velocity Sm (m/s)

15.6 ± 4.2

13.9 ± 3.3

14.8 ± 3.3

Tricuspid peak E velocity (m/s)

0.69 ± 0.4

0.72 ± 0.4

0.73 ± 0.8

Tricuspid peak E/A ratio

1.5 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.7

1.6 ± 0.5

Tricuspid Em (m/s)

0.17 ± 0.03

0.14 ± 0.04

0.16 ± 0.04

Tricuspid E/Em

4.5 ± 1.4

5.2 ± 2.7

4.7 ± 2.5

B-lines (median and IQR)

0.60 (0–14)

0.70 (0–16)

0.66 (0–14)

RV lateral wall longitudinal strain (%)

−22.2 ± 3.5

−15.4 ± 2.6^**

−20.8 ± 3.7

Table 3

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Right heart echocardiographic quantitative analysis at rest in the overall population (mean and SD)

Variable	Controls (n = 50)	Users (n = 65)	Non-users (n = 60)
RV wall thickness (mm)	3.4 ± 1.1	3.7 ± 1.2	3.5 ± 1.2
RVD1 (mm)	31.4 ± 3.4	34.9 ± 3.5^*	32.7 ± 3.4
RVD2 (mm)	27.3 ± 1.8	30.9 ± 5.3^*	28.2 ± 2.1
RVD3 (mm)	76.2 ± 4.2	77.9 ± 5.2	76.3 ± 4.7
RVOT diameter (mm)	27.3 ± 5.8	28.9 ± 6.4	28.2 ± 5.9
PASP (mmHg)	21.6 ± 3.1	35.5 ± 6.8^**	28.5 ± 5.8
TAPSE (mm)	23.6 ± 3.4	21.4 ± 3.4	22.4 ± 3.4
TDI RV peak systolic velocity Sm (m/s)	15.6 ± 4.2	13.9 ± 3.3	14.8 ± 3.3
Tricuspid peak E velocity (m/s)	0.69 ± 0.4	0.72 ± 0.4	0.73 ± 0.8
Tricuspid peak E/A ratio	1.5 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.5
Tricuspid Em (m/s)	0.17 ± 0.03	0.14 ± 0.04	0.16 ± 0.04
Tricuspid E/Em	4.5 ± 1.4	5.2 ± 2.7	4.7 ± 2.5
B-lines (median and IQR)	0.60 (0–14)	0.70 (0–16)	0.66 (0–14)
RV lateral wall longitudinal strain (%)	−22.2 ± 3.5	−15.4 ± 2.6^**	−20.8 ± 3.7

Variable	Controls (n = 50)	Users (n = 65)	Non-users (n = 60)
RV wall thickness (mm)	3.4 ± 1.1	3.7 ± 1.2	3.5 ± 1.2
RVD1 (mm)	31.4 ± 3.4	34.9 ± 3.5^*	32.7 ± 3.4
RVD2 (mm)	27.3 ± 1.8	30.9 ± 5.3^*	28.2 ± 2.1
RVD3 (mm)	76.2 ± 4.2	77.9 ± 5.2	76.3 ± 4.7
RVOT diameter (mm)	27.3 ± 5.8	28.9 ± 6.4	28.2 ± 5.9
PASP (mmHg)	21.6 ± 3.1	35.5 ± 6.8^**	28.5 ± 5.8
TAPSE (mm)	23.6 ± 3.4	21.4 ± 3.4	22.4 ± 3.4
TDI RV peak systolic velocity Sm (m/s)	15.6 ± 4.2	13.9 ± 3.3	14.8 ± 3.3
Tricuspid peak E velocity (m/s)	0.69 ± 0.4	0.72 ± 0.4	0.73 ± 0.8
Tricuspid peak E/A ratio	1.5 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.5
Tricuspid Em (m/s)	0.17 ± 0.03	0.14 ± 0.04	0.16 ± 0.04
Tricuspid E/Em	4.5 ± 1.4	5.2 ± 2.7	4.7 ± 2.5
B-lines (median and IQR)	0.60 (0–14)	0.70 (0–16)	0.66 (0–14)
RV lateral wall longitudinal strain (%)	−22.2 ± 3.5	−15.4 ± 2.6^**	−20.8 ± 3.7

D, diameter; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; RV, right ventricle; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TDI, tissue Doppler Imaging.

P < 0.01: users vs. controls and non-users.

P < 0.001: users vs. controls and non-users.

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