Table 1
Open in new tab

Description of the 128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chosen for the IRSCOA v1.0 array

TraitGene/locus nameLGSNP IDTaqman assay IDSNP typeReference
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879081AH1SD3TG/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879082AH21B91A/CPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879097AH4AAF9C/TPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882878AH5I8MHC/TPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882879AH6R6SPT/GKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882882AH704YXC/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882883AH89245C/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475883287AHABIAYG/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475883549AHBKGG6C/TKumar et al.34
AcidityMa116Ma1-SNP1455AHCTENEA/GBai et al.20
AcidityMa116ss475876558AHD2CTMA/CChagne, unpublished
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475881696AHFBAZUA/GKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475881707AHGJ852A/GKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475882555AHHS7CAC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475883754AHI15IIC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475883942AHKA3OQA/CKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475884060AHLJ1UYC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/cracking/crispnessLAR116ss475881704AHMSZ06C/TKumar et al.34
Bitter pitBp1313ss475880861AHN1X7EA/CPeace, unpublished
Bitter pitLAR/Ma16ss475882553AHPAWDMG/TPeace, unpublished
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_22AHQJUJUT/CDunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_23AHRSSP2G/ADunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_24AHS1QWAG/ADunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12ss475876972AHUAO2IA/CSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EstersMdAAT12ss475876985AHVJM8QA/GSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EstersMdAAT12ss475882633AHWSLEYA/GSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EthyleneMdACO110FEM_cg_4AHX1JK6A/GCosta et al.30; Bianco et al.22
EthyleneMdACS115FEM_cg_6AHZAHRET/CCosta et al.30; Bianco et al.22
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-1_Y320AH704YYC/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y192AH89246C/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y495AHABIAZC/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y551AHBKGG7C/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_K35AH0JFXMG/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_R240AH1SD3UA/GJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_R249AH21B92A/GJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-rp16k15_M106AH4AAGAA/CJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceRLP13RLP1aAH5I8MIC/AGardiner et al.32
Fire blight resistanceRLP13RLP1bAH6R6SQA/TGardiner et al.32
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876885AHCTENFA/CGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876892AHD2CTNA/GGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876894AHFBAZVC/TGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475882287AHGJ853A/GGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475883870AHHS7CBC/TGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475884136AHI15IJC/TGuan et al.39
Fruit firmnessLG15-BB15GDsnp00111AHQJUJVC/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG15-BB15GDsnp01763AHRSSP3A/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16CONS11AHS1QWBA/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16GDsnp00071AHUAO2JA/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_M6073277AHVJM8RA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_M6504570AHWSLEZA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_Y5000318AHX1JK7C/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_Y5639535AHZAHRFC/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110FEM_cg_19AHKA3ORC/TCosta et al.29; Bianco et al.22.
Fruit firmnessMdPG110GDsnp02179AHLJ1UZT/GChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475882314AHMSZ07A/GChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475882315AHN1X7FA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475883584AHPAWDNT/GChagne et al.2,25
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877739AH0JFXNG/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877767AH1SD3VG/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877783AH21B93C/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475882720AH4AAGBA/GPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475884066AH5I8MJC/TPeace, unpublished
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCkAH6R6SRG/TChagne et al.27
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCrAH704YZA/GChagne et al.27
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCyAH89247C/TChagne et al.27
Polyphenols + Bitter PitLAR116ss475881697AHABIA0C/TChagne et al.27
Polyphenols + Bitter PitLAR116ss475883359AHBKGG8T/CChagne et al.27
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2_3_Y211AHCTENGA/GJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_R531AHD2CTOA/GJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_Y245AHFBAZWC/TJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_Y48AHGJ854C/TJansch et al.33
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0816035AHHS7CCA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0817523AHI15IKA/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0824598AHKA3OSA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879526AHLJ1U0T/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879531AHMSZ08T/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879540AHN1X7GT/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879551AHPAWDOA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879559AHQJUJWG/TChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879574AHRSSP4A/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475882942AHS1QWCA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475883301AHUAO2KA/GChagne et al.26
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-1_Y111AH0JFXOC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-1_Y60AH1SD3WC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_R357AH21B94A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_R60AH4AAGCA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_Y733AH5I8MKC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.31_297YAH0JFXPT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.488_173YAH1SD3XT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_24.78_421MAH21B95A/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_24.85_275WAH4AAGDA/TPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.31_102YAHZAHRHT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_M75AH6R6SSA/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_S188AH704Y0G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_S49AH89248G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_M264AHABIA1A/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_S296AHBKGG9G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_Y224AHCTENHC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2_region53_M417AHD2CTPG/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-1_R239AHFBAZXA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-4_R531AHGJ855A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-6_R332AHHS7CDA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-7_W242AHI15ILA/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-8_M417AHKA3OTA/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_K22736301AHPAWDPT/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_M24705633AHQJUJXA/CBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22444934AHRSSP5A/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22535545AHS1QWDA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22561770AHUAO2LA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22721144AHVJM8TA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_Y22684914AHWSLE1C/TBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_Y24706726AHX1JK9C/TBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi42Rvi4-1_K146AHLJ1U1T/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi42TNL1_R131AHMSZ09A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi42TNL1_R202AHN1X7HC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M18_Y32AHVJM8SC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M8S_R156AHWSLE0A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M8S_R193AHX1JK8A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61Rvi6_42M10SP6_Y124AHZAHRGC/TJansch et al.33
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_R24968227AH5I8MLA/GChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945AH6R6STC/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945cAH704Y1C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945tAH89249C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974965AHABIA2C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974992AHBKGHAG/TChagne et al.28
Vitamin CGGP111MdGGP1_885AHD2CTQT/CMellidou et al.36
Vitamin CGGP310MdGGP3_211AHCTENIT/CMellidou et al.36
Woolly apple aphid resistanceErmis7GDsnp01994AHFBAZYC/TBus et al.23
TraitGene/locus nameLGSNP IDTaqman assay IDSNP typeReference
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879081AH1SD3TG/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879082AH21B91A/CPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879097AH4AAF9C/TPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882878AH5I8MHC/TPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882879AH6R6SPT/GKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882882AH704YXC/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882883AH89245C/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475883287AHABIAYG/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475883549AHBKGG6C/TKumar et al.34
AcidityMa116Ma1-SNP1455AHCTENEA/GBai et al.20
AcidityMa116ss475876558AHD2CTMA/CChagne, unpublished
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475881696AHFBAZUA/GKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475881707AHGJ852A/GKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475882555AHHS7CAC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475883754AHI15IIC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475883942AHKA3OQA/CKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475884060AHLJ1UYC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/cracking/crispnessLAR116ss475881704AHMSZ06C/TKumar et al.34
Bitter pitBp1313ss475880861AHN1X7EA/CPeace, unpublished
Bitter pitLAR/Ma16ss475882553AHPAWDMG/TPeace, unpublished
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_22AHQJUJUT/CDunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_23AHRSSP2G/ADunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_24AHS1QWAG/ADunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12ss475876972AHUAO2IA/CSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EstersMdAAT12ss475876985AHVJM8QA/GSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EstersMdAAT12ss475882633AHWSLEYA/GSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EthyleneMdACO110FEM_cg_4AHX1JK6A/GCosta et al.30; Bianco et al.22
EthyleneMdACS115FEM_cg_6AHZAHRET/CCosta et al.30; Bianco et al.22
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-1_Y320AH704YYC/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y192AH89246C/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y495AHABIAZC/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y551AHBKGG7C/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_K35AH0JFXMG/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_R240AH1SD3UA/GJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_R249AH21B92A/GJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-rp16k15_M106AH4AAGAA/CJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceRLP13RLP1aAH5I8MIC/AGardiner et al.32
Fire blight resistanceRLP13RLP1bAH6R6SQA/TGardiner et al.32
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876885AHCTENFA/CGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876892AHD2CTNA/GGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876894AHFBAZVC/TGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475882287AHGJ853A/GGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475883870AHHS7CBC/TGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475884136AHI15IJC/TGuan et al.39
Fruit firmnessLG15-BB15GDsnp00111AHQJUJVC/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG15-BB15GDsnp01763AHRSSP3A/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16CONS11AHS1QWBA/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16GDsnp00071AHUAO2JA/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_M6073277AHVJM8RA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_M6504570AHWSLEZA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_Y5000318AHX1JK7C/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_Y5639535AHZAHRFC/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110FEM_cg_19AHKA3ORC/TCosta et al.29; Bianco et al.22.
Fruit firmnessMdPG110GDsnp02179AHLJ1UZT/GChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475882314AHMSZ07A/GChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475882315AHN1X7FA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475883584AHPAWDNT/GChagne et al.2,25
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877739AH0JFXNG/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877767AH1SD3VG/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877783AH21B93C/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475882720AH4AAGBA/GPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475884066AH5I8MJC/TPeace, unpublished
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCkAH6R6SRG/TChagne et al.27
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCrAH704YZA/GChagne et al.27
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCyAH89247C/TChagne et al.27
Polyphenols + Bitter PitLAR116ss475881697AHABIA0C/TChagne et al.27
Polyphenols + Bitter PitLAR116ss475883359AHBKGG8T/CChagne et al.27
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2_3_Y211AHCTENGA/GJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_R531AHD2CTOA/GJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_Y245AHFBAZWC/TJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_Y48AHGJ854C/TJansch et al.33
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0816035AHHS7CCA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0817523AHI15IKA/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0824598AHKA3OSA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879526AHLJ1U0T/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879531AHMSZ08T/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879540AHN1X7GT/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879551AHPAWDOA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879559AHQJUJWG/TChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879574AHRSSP4A/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475882942AHS1QWCA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475883301AHUAO2KA/GChagne et al.26
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-1_Y111AH0JFXOC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-1_Y60AH1SD3WC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_R357AH21B94A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_R60AH4AAGCA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_Y733AH5I8MKC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.31_297YAH0JFXPT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.488_173YAH1SD3XT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_24.78_421MAH21B95A/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_24.85_275WAH4AAGDA/TPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.31_102YAHZAHRHT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_M75AH6R6SSA/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_S188AH704Y0G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_S49AH89248G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_M264AHABIA1A/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_S296AHBKGG9G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_Y224AHCTENHC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2_region53_M417AHD2CTPG/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-1_R239AHFBAZXA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-4_R531AHGJ855A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-6_R332AHHS7CDA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-7_W242AHI15ILA/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-8_M417AHKA3OTA/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_K22736301AHPAWDPT/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_M24705633AHQJUJXA/CBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22444934AHRSSP5A/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22535545AHS1QWDA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22561770AHUAO2LA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22721144AHVJM8TA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_Y22684914AHWSLE1C/TBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_Y24706726AHX1JK9C/TBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi42Rvi4-1_K146AHLJ1U1T/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi42TNL1_R131AHMSZ09A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi42TNL1_R202AHN1X7HC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M18_Y32AHVJM8SC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M8S_R156AHWSLE0A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M8S_R193AHX1JK8A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61Rvi6_42M10SP6_Y124AHZAHRGC/TJansch et al.33
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_R24968227AH5I8MLA/GChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945AH6R6STC/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945cAH704Y1C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945tAH89249C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974965AHABIA2C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974992AHBKGHAG/TChagne et al.28
Vitamin CGGP111MdGGP1_885AHD2CTQT/CMellidou et al.36
Vitamin CGGP310MdGGP3_211AHCTENIT/CMellidou et al.36
Woolly apple aphid resistanceErmis7GDsnp01994AHFBAZYC/TBus et al.23

The target trait(s), locus, or candidate gene, linkage group (LG), published SNP identifier (SNP ID), the Taqman assay SNP assay identifier (assay ID) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, SNP type, and publication where each marker-trait association was described are indicated

Table 1
Open in new tab

Description of the 128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chosen for the IRSCOA v1.0 array

TraitGene/locus nameLGSNP IDTaqman assay IDSNP typeReference
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879081AH1SD3TG/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879082AH21B91A/CPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879097AH4AAF9C/TPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882878AH5I8MHC/TPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882879AH6R6SPT/GKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882882AH704YXC/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882883AH89245C/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475883287AHABIAYG/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475883549AHBKGG6C/TKumar et al.34
AcidityMa116Ma1-SNP1455AHCTENEA/GBai et al.20
AcidityMa116ss475876558AHD2CTMA/CChagne, unpublished
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475881696AHFBAZUA/GKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475881707AHGJ852A/GKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475882555AHHS7CAC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475883754AHI15IIC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475883942AHKA3OQA/CKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475884060AHLJ1UYC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/cracking/crispnessLAR116ss475881704AHMSZ06C/TKumar et al.34
Bitter pitBp1313ss475880861AHN1X7EA/CPeace, unpublished
Bitter pitLAR/Ma16ss475882553AHPAWDMG/TPeace, unpublished
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_22AHQJUJUT/CDunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_23AHRSSP2G/ADunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_24AHS1QWAG/ADunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12ss475876972AHUAO2IA/CSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EstersMdAAT12ss475876985AHVJM8QA/GSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EstersMdAAT12ss475882633AHWSLEYA/GSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EthyleneMdACO110FEM_cg_4AHX1JK6A/GCosta et al.30; Bianco et al.22
EthyleneMdACS115FEM_cg_6AHZAHRET/CCosta et al.30; Bianco et al.22
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-1_Y320AH704YYC/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y192AH89246C/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y495AHABIAZC/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y551AHBKGG7C/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_K35AH0JFXMG/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_R240AH1SD3UA/GJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_R249AH21B92A/GJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-rp16k15_M106AH4AAGAA/CJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceRLP13RLP1aAH5I8MIC/AGardiner et al.32
Fire blight resistanceRLP13RLP1bAH6R6SQA/TGardiner et al.32
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876885AHCTENFA/CGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876892AHD2CTNA/GGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876894AHFBAZVC/TGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475882287AHGJ853A/GGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475883870AHHS7CBC/TGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475884136AHI15IJC/TGuan et al.39
Fruit firmnessLG15-BB15GDsnp00111AHQJUJVC/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG15-BB15GDsnp01763AHRSSP3A/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16CONS11AHS1QWBA/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16GDsnp00071AHUAO2JA/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_M6073277AHVJM8RA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_M6504570AHWSLEZA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_Y5000318AHX1JK7C/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_Y5639535AHZAHRFC/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110FEM_cg_19AHKA3ORC/TCosta et al.29; Bianco et al.22.
Fruit firmnessMdPG110GDsnp02179AHLJ1UZT/GChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475882314AHMSZ07A/GChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475882315AHN1X7FA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475883584AHPAWDNT/GChagne et al.2,25
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877739AH0JFXNG/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877767AH1SD3VG/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877783AH21B93C/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475882720AH4AAGBA/GPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475884066AH5I8MJC/TPeace, unpublished
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCkAH6R6SRG/TChagne et al.27
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCrAH704YZA/GChagne et al.27
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCyAH89247C/TChagne et al.27
Polyphenols + Bitter PitLAR116ss475881697AHABIA0C/TChagne et al.27
Polyphenols + Bitter PitLAR116ss475883359AHBKGG8T/CChagne et al.27
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2_3_Y211AHCTENGA/GJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_R531AHD2CTOA/GJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_Y245AHFBAZWC/TJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_Y48AHGJ854C/TJansch et al.33
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0816035AHHS7CCA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0817523AHI15IKA/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0824598AHKA3OSA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879526AHLJ1U0T/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879531AHMSZ08T/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879540AHN1X7GT/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879551AHPAWDOA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879559AHQJUJWG/TChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879574AHRSSP4A/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475882942AHS1QWCA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475883301AHUAO2KA/GChagne et al.26
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-1_Y111AH0JFXOC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-1_Y60AH1SD3WC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_R357AH21B94A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_R60AH4AAGCA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_Y733AH5I8MKC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.31_297YAH0JFXPT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.488_173YAH1SD3XT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_24.78_421MAH21B95A/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_24.85_275WAH4AAGDA/TPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.31_102YAHZAHRHT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_M75AH6R6SSA/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_S188AH704Y0G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_S49AH89248G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_M264AHABIA1A/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_S296AHBKGG9G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_Y224AHCTENHC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2_region53_M417AHD2CTPG/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-1_R239AHFBAZXA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-4_R531AHGJ855A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-6_R332AHHS7CDA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-7_W242AHI15ILA/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-8_M417AHKA3OTA/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_K22736301AHPAWDPT/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_M24705633AHQJUJXA/CBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22444934AHRSSP5A/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22535545AHS1QWDA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22561770AHUAO2LA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22721144AHVJM8TA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_Y22684914AHWSLE1C/TBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_Y24706726AHX1JK9C/TBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi42Rvi4-1_K146AHLJ1U1T/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi42TNL1_R131AHMSZ09A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi42TNL1_R202AHN1X7HC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M18_Y32AHVJM8SC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M8S_R156AHWSLE0A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M8S_R193AHX1JK8A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61Rvi6_42M10SP6_Y124AHZAHRGC/TJansch et al.33
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_R24968227AH5I8MLA/GChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945AH6R6STC/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945cAH704Y1C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945tAH89249C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974965AHABIA2C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974992AHBKGHAG/TChagne et al.28
Vitamin CGGP111MdGGP1_885AHD2CTQT/CMellidou et al.36
Vitamin CGGP310MdGGP3_211AHCTENIT/CMellidou et al.36
Woolly apple aphid resistanceErmis7GDsnp01994AHFBAZYC/TBus et al.23
TraitGene/locus nameLGSNP IDTaqman assay IDSNP typeReference
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879081AH1SD3TG/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879082AH21B91A/CPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475879097AH4AAF9C/TPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882878AH5I8MHC/TPeace, unpublished
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882879AH6R6SPT/GKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882882AH704YXC/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475882883AH89245C/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475883287AHABIAYG/TKumar et al.34
AcidityAcidity-LG88ss475883549AHBKGG6C/TKumar et al.34
AcidityMa116Ma1-SNP1455AHCTENEA/GBai et al.20
AcidityMa116ss475876558AHD2CTMA/CChagne, unpublished
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475881696AHFBAZUA/GKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475881707AHGJ852A/GKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475882555AHHS7CAC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475883754AHI15IIC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475883942AHKA3OQA/CKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/crackingLAR116ss475884060AHLJ1UYC/TKumar et al.34
Acidity/Bitter pit/cracking/crispnessLAR116ss475881704AHMSZ06C/TKumar et al.34
Bitter pitBp1313ss475880861AHN1X7EA/CPeace, unpublished
Bitter pitLAR/Ma16ss475882553AHPAWDMG/TPeace, unpublished
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_22AHQJUJUT/CDunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_23AHRSSP2G/ADunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12Fem_cg_24AHS1QWAG/ADunemann et al.31; Bianco et al.22
EstersMdAAT12ss475876972AHUAO2IA/CSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EstersMdAAT12ss475876985AHVJM8QA/GSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EstersMdAAT12ss475882633AHWSLEYA/GSouleyre et al.38; Rowan et al.50
EthyleneMdACO110FEM_cg_4AHX1JK6A/GCosta et al.30; Bianco et al.22
EthyleneMdACS115FEM_cg_6AHZAHRET/CCosta et al.30; Bianco et al.22
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-1_Y320AH704YYC/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y192AH89246C/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y495AHABIAZC/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceFBE12FBE-2_Y551AHBKGG7C/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_K35AH0JFXMG/TJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_R240AH1SD3UA/GJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-NZsnEH034548_R249AH21B92A/GJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceMR53FB-MR5-rp16k15_M106AH4AAGAA/CJansch et al.33
Fire blight resistanceRLP13RLP1aAH5I8MIC/AGardiner et al.32
Fire blight resistanceRLP13RLP1bAH6R6SQA/TGardiner et al.32
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876885AHCTENFA/CGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876892AHD2CTNA/GGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475876894AHFBAZVC/TGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475882287AHGJ853A/GGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475883870AHHS7CBC/TGuan et al.39
Fructose contentLG1Fru1ss475884136AHI15IJC/TGuan et al.39
Fruit firmnessLG15-BB15GDsnp00111AHQJUJVC/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG15-BB15GDsnp01763AHRSSP3A/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16CONS11AHS1QWBA/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16GDsnp00071AHUAO2JA/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_M6073277AHVJM8RA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_M6504570AHWSLEZA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_Y5000318AHX1JK7C/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessLG16-BB16S16_Y5639535AHZAHRFC/TChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110FEM_cg_19AHKA3ORC/TCosta et al.29; Bianco et al.22.
Fruit firmnessMdPG110GDsnp02179AHLJ1UZT/GChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475882314AHMSZ07A/GChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475882315AHN1X7FA/CChagne et al.2,25
Fruit firmnessMdPG110ss475883584AHPAWDNT/GChagne et al.2,25
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877739AH0JFXNG/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877767AH1SD3VG/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475877783AH21B93C/TPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475882720AH4AAGBA/GPeace, unpublished
Maturity timeMaturity-LG33ss475884066AH5I8MJC/TPeace, unpublished
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCkAH6R6SRG/TChagne et al.27
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCrAH704YZA/GChagne et al.27
PolyphenolsLAR116LAR1_DCyAH89247C/TChagne et al.27
Polyphenols + Bitter PitLAR116ss475881697AHABIA0C/TChagne et al.27
Polyphenols + Bitter PitLAR116ss475883359AHBKGG8T/CChagne et al.27
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2_3_Y211AHCTENGA/GJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_R531AHD2CTOA/GJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_Y245AHFBAZWC/TJansch et al.33
Powdery mildew resistancePl211Pl2-1_Y48AHGJ854C/TJansch et al.33
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0816035AHHS7CCA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0817523AHI15IKA/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109SNP_FB_0824598AHKA3OSA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879526AHLJ1U0T/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879531AHMSZ08T/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879540AHN1X7GT/CChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879551AHPAWDOA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879559AHQJUJWG/TChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475879574AHRSSP4A/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475882942AHS1QWCA/GChagne et al.26
Red skin colourMYB109ss475883301AHUAO2KA/GChagne et al.26
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-1_Y111AH0JFXOC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-1_Y60AH1SD3WC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_R357AH21B94A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_R60AH4AAGCA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi112Rvi11-2_Y733AH5I8MKC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.31_297YAH0JFXPT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.488_173YAH1SD3XT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_24.78_421MAH21B95A/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_24.85_275WAH4AAGDA/TPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi1212SNP_23.31_102YAHZAHRHT/CPadmarasu et al.37
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_M75AH6R6SSA/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_S188AH704Y0G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-1_S49AH89248G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_M264AHABIA1A/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_S296AHBKGG9G/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi15/Vr22Rvi15-9C10T7_Y224AHCTENHC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2_region53_M417AHD2CTPG/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-1_R239AHFBAZXA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-4_R531AHGJ855A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-6_R332AHHS7CDA/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-7_W242AHI15ILA/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi22Rvi2-8_M417AHKA3OTA/CJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_K22736301AHPAWDPT/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_M24705633AHQJUJXA/CBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22444934AHRSSP5A/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22535545AHS1QWDA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22561770AHUAO2LA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_R22721144AHVJM8TA/GBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_Y22684914AHWSLE1C/TBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi34S4_Y24706726AHX1JK9C/TBastiaanse et al.21
Scab resistanceRvi42Rvi4-1_K146AHLJ1U1T/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi42TNL1_R131AHMSZ09A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi42TNL1_R202AHN1X7HC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M18_Y32AHVJM8SC/TJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M8S_R156AHWSLE0A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61M8S_R193AHX1JK8A/GJansch et al.33
Scab resistanceRvi61Rvi6_42M10SP6_Y124AHZAHRGC/TJansch et al.33
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_R24968227AH5I8MLA/GChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945AH6R6STC/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945cAH704Y1C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974945tAH89249C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974965AHABIA2C/TChagne et al.28
Type 2 red fleshMYB11017S17_Y24974992AHBKGHAG/TChagne et al.28
Vitamin CGGP111MdGGP1_885AHD2CTQT/CMellidou et al.36
Vitamin CGGP310MdGGP3_211AHCTENIT/CMellidou et al.36
Woolly apple aphid resistanceErmis7GDsnp01994AHFBAZYC/TBus et al.23

The target trait(s), locus, or candidate gene, linkage group (LG), published SNP identifier (SNP ID), the Taqman assay SNP assay identifier (assay ID) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, SNP type, and publication where each marker-trait association was described are indicated

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