Table 3.
Open in new tab

Operation outcomes and perioperative complications of patients with tumor resection

Outcomes and complicationsRPC (n = 74)LAPC‐S (n = 19)LAPC‐N‐S (n = 14)p value
Patients with tumor resection, n741612
Operation type, n (%)NA
Whipple50 (67.6)8 (50)4 (33.3)
Distal pancreatectomy24 (32.4)4 (25)8 (66.7)
Total pancreatectomy04 (25)0
Operation duration, mean (range), min301.5 (135–540)490.4 (240–810)375.6 (253–593).066
Arterial reconstruction, n (%)1 (1.4)2 (12.5)3 (25).624
Concomitant PV/SMV R/C, n (%)17 (23.0)11 (68.8)5 (41.7).250
Concomitant organ resection, n (%)18 (24.3)5 (31.3)4 (33.3).886
Blood loss, mean ± SD, mL301.5 ± 83.9800 ± 610608.3 ± 363.343
Blood transfusion, n (%)17 (23.0)12 (75.0)10 (83.3).673
Blood transfusion, mean (range), U2.8 (1.5–8)6.5 (1–14.5)4.4 (1.5–6.5).166
Length of stay, mean ± SD, d15.2 ± 11.418.1 ± 11.814.4 ± 8.0.366
ICU stay, n (%)10 (13.5)7 (43.8)5 (35.7).947
ICU stay, mean ± SD, d2.3 (1–5)2.3 (1–4)2.0 (1–4).734
Complications, n (%)
Pancreatic fistula10 (13.5)4 (33.3)7 (58.3).414
Chylous fistula14 (18.9)4 (25)2 (16.7).673
Pleural effusion21 (28.4)13 (81.3)5 (41.7).050
Ascites6 (8.1)10 (62.5)6 (50.0).702
Delayed gastric emptying7 (9.5)1 (6.3)1 (8.3)NA
Surgical site infection7 (9.5)2 (12.5)0NA
Peritoneal hemorrhage2 (2.7)00NA
GI hemorrhage1 (1.4)00NA
Biliary fistula3 (4.1)00NA
Pneumonia7 (9.5)2 (12.5)2 (16.7)NA
Thrombosis001 (8.3)NA
Diarrhea13 (17.6)10 (62.5)4 (33.3).252
Heart disease01 (6.3)0NA
Clavien‐Dindo grade, n (%).637
II14 (18.9)5 (31.3)3 (25.0)
IIIa12 (29.3)7 (43.8)4 (33.3)
IIIb1 (1.4)03 (25.0)
V1 (1.4)2 (12.5)0
Unplanned reoperation, n (%)01 (5.3)2 (16.7).560
Postoperative death (within 90 d), n (%)1 (1.4)3 (15.8)0.238
Outcomes and complicationsRPC (n = 74)LAPC‐S (n = 19)LAPC‐N‐S (n = 14)p value
Patients with tumor resection, n741612
Operation type, n (%)NA
Whipple50 (67.6)8 (50)4 (33.3)
Distal pancreatectomy24 (32.4)4 (25)8 (66.7)
Total pancreatectomy04 (25)0
Operation duration, mean (range), min301.5 (135–540)490.4 (240–810)375.6 (253–593).066
Arterial reconstruction, n (%)1 (1.4)2 (12.5)3 (25).624
Concomitant PV/SMV R/C, n (%)17 (23.0)11 (68.8)5 (41.7).250
Concomitant organ resection, n (%)18 (24.3)5 (31.3)4 (33.3).886
Blood loss, mean ± SD, mL301.5 ± 83.9800 ± 610608.3 ± 363.343
Blood transfusion, n (%)17 (23.0)12 (75.0)10 (83.3).673
Blood transfusion, mean (range), U2.8 (1.5–8)6.5 (1–14.5)4.4 (1.5–6.5).166
Length of stay, mean ± SD, d15.2 ± 11.418.1 ± 11.814.4 ± 8.0.366
ICU stay, n (%)10 (13.5)7 (43.8)5 (35.7).947
ICU stay, mean ± SD, d2.3 (1–5)2.3 (1–4)2.0 (1–4).734
Complications, n (%)
Pancreatic fistula10 (13.5)4 (33.3)7 (58.3).414
Chylous fistula14 (18.9)4 (25)2 (16.7).673
Pleural effusion21 (28.4)13 (81.3)5 (41.7).050
Ascites6 (8.1)10 (62.5)6 (50.0).702
Delayed gastric emptying7 (9.5)1 (6.3)1 (8.3)NA
Surgical site infection7 (9.5)2 (12.5)0NA
Peritoneal hemorrhage2 (2.7)00NA
GI hemorrhage1 (1.4)00NA
Biliary fistula3 (4.1)00NA
Pneumonia7 (9.5)2 (12.5)2 (16.7)NA
Thrombosis001 (8.3)NA
Diarrhea13 (17.6)10 (62.5)4 (33.3).252
Heart disease01 (6.3)0NA
Clavien‐Dindo grade, n (%).637
II14 (18.9)5 (31.3)3 (25.0)
IIIa12 (29.3)7 (43.8)4 (33.3)
IIIb1 (1.4)03 (25.0)
V1 (1.4)2 (12.5)0
Unplanned reoperation, n (%)01 (5.3)2 (16.7).560
Postoperative death (within 90 d), n (%)1 (1.4)3 (15.8)0.238

Comparison between LAPC‐S and LAPC‐N.

Total pancreatectomies were performed in 4 of 12 patients.

p value is unavailable because of sample size limitation.

Abbreviations: GI, gastrointestinal; ICU, intensive care unit; LAPC, locally advanced pancreatic cancer; LAPC‐N, LAPC with neoadjuvant therapy; LAPC‐N‐S, LAPC‐N with surgical resection; LAPC‐S, LAPC with upfront surgery; NA, not available; PV/SMV, portal vein/superior mesenteric vein; R/C, resection and construction; RPC, resectable pancreatic cancer.

Table 3.
Open in new tab

Operation outcomes and perioperative complications of patients with tumor resection

Outcomes and complicationsRPC (n = 74)LAPC‐S (n = 19)LAPC‐N‐S (n = 14)p value
Patients with tumor resection, n741612
Operation type, n (%)NA
Whipple50 (67.6)8 (50)4 (33.3)
Distal pancreatectomy24 (32.4)4 (25)8 (66.7)
Total pancreatectomy04 (25)0
Operation duration, mean (range), min301.5 (135–540)490.4 (240–810)375.6 (253–593).066
Arterial reconstruction, n (%)1 (1.4)2 (12.5)3 (25).624
Concomitant PV/SMV R/C, n (%)17 (23.0)11 (68.8)5 (41.7).250
Concomitant organ resection, n (%)18 (24.3)5 (31.3)4 (33.3).886
Blood loss, mean ± SD, mL301.5 ± 83.9800 ± 610608.3 ± 363.343
Blood transfusion, n (%)17 (23.0)12 (75.0)10 (83.3).673
Blood transfusion, mean (range), U2.8 (1.5–8)6.5 (1–14.5)4.4 (1.5–6.5).166
Length of stay, mean ± SD, d15.2 ± 11.418.1 ± 11.814.4 ± 8.0.366
ICU stay, n (%)10 (13.5)7 (43.8)5 (35.7).947
ICU stay, mean ± SD, d2.3 (1–5)2.3 (1–4)2.0 (1–4).734
Complications, n (%)
Pancreatic fistula10 (13.5)4 (33.3)7 (58.3).414
Chylous fistula14 (18.9)4 (25)2 (16.7).673
Pleural effusion21 (28.4)13 (81.3)5 (41.7).050
Ascites6 (8.1)10 (62.5)6 (50.0).702
Delayed gastric emptying7 (9.5)1 (6.3)1 (8.3)NA
Surgical site infection7 (9.5)2 (12.5)0NA
Peritoneal hemorrhage2 (2.7)00NA
GI hemorrhage1 (1.4)00NA
Biliary fistula3 (4.1)00NA
Pneumonia7 (9.5)2 (12.5)2 (16.7)NA
Thrombosis001 (8.3)NA
Diarrhea13 (17.6)10 (62.5)4 (33.3).252
Heart disease01 (6.3)0NA
Clavien‐Dindo grade, n (%).637
II14 (18.9)5 (31.3)3 (25.0)
IIIa12 (29.3)7 (43.8)4 (33.3)
IIIb1 (1.4)03 (25.0)
V1 (1.4)2 (12.5)0
Unplanned reoperation, n (%)01 (5.3)2 (16.7).560
Postoperative death (within 90 d), n (%)1 (1.4)3 (15.8)0.238
Outcomes and complicationsRPC (n = 74)LAPC‐S (n = 19)LAPC‐N‐S (n = 14)p value
Patients with tumor resection, n741612
Operation type, n (%)NA
Whipple50 (67.6)8 (50)4 (33.3)
Distal pancreatectomy24 (32.4)4 (25)8 (66.7)
Total pancreatectomy04 (25)0
Operation duration, mean (range), min301.5 (135–540)490.4 (240–810)375.6 (253–593).066
Arterial reconstruction, n (%)1 (1.4)2 (12.5)3 (25).624
Concomitant PV/SMV R/C, n (%)17 (23.0)11 (68.8)5 (41.7).250
Concomitant organ resection, n (%)18 (24.3)5 (31.3)4 (33.3).886
Blood loss, mean ± SD, mL301.5 ± 83.9800 ± 610608.3 ± 363.343
Blood transfusion, n (%)17 (23.0)12 (75.0)10 (83.3).673
Blood transfusion, mean (range), U2.8 (1.5–8)6.5 (1–14.5)4.4 (1.5–6.5).166
Length of stay, mean ± SD, d15.2 ± 11.418.1 ± 11.814.4 ± 8.0.366
ICU stay, n (%)10 (13.5)7 (43.8)5 (35.7).947
ICU stay, mean ± SD, d2.3 (1–5)2.3 (1–4)2.0 (1–4).734
Complications, n (%)
Pancreatic fistula10 (13.5)4 (33.3)7 (58.3).414
Chylous fistula14 (18.9)4 (25)2 (16.7).673
Pleural effusion21 (28.4)13 (81.3)5 (41.7).050
Ascites6 (8.1)10 (62.5)6 (50.0).702
Delayed gastric emptying7 (9.5)1 (6.3)1 (8.3)NA
Surgical site infection7 (9.5)2 (12.5)0NA
Peritoneal hemorrhage2 (2.7)00NA
GI hemorrhage1 (1.4)00NA
Biliary fistula3 (4.1)00NA
Pneumonia7 (9.5)2 (12.5)2 (16.7)NA
Thrombosis001 (8.3)NA
Diarrhea13 (17.6)10 (62.5)4 (33.3).252
Heart disease01 (6.3)0NA
Clavien‐Dindo grade, n (%).637
II14 (18.9)5 (31.3)3 (25.0)
IIIa12 (29.3)7 (43.8)4 (33.3)
IIIb1 (1.4)03 (25.0)
V1 (1.4)2 (12.5)0
Unplanned reoperation, n (%)01 (5.3)2 (16.7).560
Postoperative death (within 90 d), n (%)1 (1.4)3 (15.8)0.238

Comparison between LAPC‐S and LAPC‐N.

Total pancreatectomies were performed in 4 of 12 patients.

p value is unavailable because of sample size limitation.

Abbreviations: GI, gastrointestinal; ICU, intensive care unit; LAPC, locally advanced pancreatic cancer; LAPC‐N, LAPC with neoadjuvant therapy; LAPC‐N‐S, LAPC‐N with surgical resection; LAPC‐S, LAPC with upfront surgery; NA, not available; PV/SMV, portal vein/superior mesenteric vein; R/C, resection and construction; RPC, resectable pancreatic cancer.

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