Table 3 Open in new tab Multivariate...

	Overall incremental monthly costs compared to reference	Incremental inpatient monthly costs compared to reference	Incremental outpatient monthly costs
Carcinoid syndrome
Yes	506.3	(−694, 3,317)	.535	−477	(−1608, 2829)	.669	260.2	(−28, 1009)	.1
No (reference)
Age
65–69 (reference)
70–74	−1,021	(−2,054, 2,087)	.385	−2,132	(−3,139, 1,894)	.197	35.17	(−221, 872)	.875
75–79	−1,693	(−2,408, 819)	.131	−1,532	(−2,799, 2,948)	.356	−290	(−375, 188)	.149
≥80	−1,630	(−2,289, 672)	.119	−3,068	(−3,498, −359)	.035	−357	(−398, 9)	.053
Gender
Female (reference)
Male	−944	(−1,454, 598)	.163	−1,270	(−1,928, 1,032)	.189	64.32	(−109, 557)	.62
Race
Non‐Hispanic white (reference)
Non‐Hispanic black	959.5	(−798, 5,169)	.402	1,165	(−1,179, 7,365)	.471	−59.6	(−254, 623)	.771
Hispanic or others	3,157	(214, 9,779)	.028	2,459	(−770, 10,783)	.203	−283	(−385, 255)	.188
Comorbidity score
0 (reference)
1	3,046	(636, 8,100)	.003	3,797	(515, 11,326)	.011	100.9	(−140, 809)	.573
2	4,407	(1,217, 11,066)	<.001	5,205	(1,047, 14,695)	.003	−128	(−281, 456)	.509
≥3	4,185	(1,346, 9,925)	<.001	4,944	(1,213, 13,194)	<.001	281.2	(−46, 1,154)	.129
Site
Larynx, bronchus, lung, trachea, and other (reference)
Cecum and appendix	−38.2	(−2,225, 6,361)	.984	−1035	(−3,361, 7,140)	.684	−655	(−643, −134)	.029
Colon	−2,644	(−3,122, −294)	.036	−4072	(−4,343, −1,119)	.02	68.46	(−237, 1,077)	.792
Others	−3,711	(−3,470, −2,994)	<.001	−5,457	(−4772, −4838)	<.001	51.39	(−192, 818)	.801
Small intestine	1,435	(−405, 5,635)	.177	1,868	(−655, 8,176)	.218	−77.4	(−244, 511)	.675
Grade
Well‐differentiated (reference)
Moderately differentiated	−1,220	(−1,941, 1,048)	.202	−2,078	(−2,813, 965)	.124	50.67	(−174, 744)	.785
Urban/rural status
Nonmetropolitan (reference)
Metropolitan	263.8	(−1,213, 4,006)	.816	837.7	(−1,429, 7,013)	.616	−93.7	(−266, 531)	.635
Stage
Local/regional (reference)
Distant	−286	(−1,308, 2,393)	.755	−1,799	(−2,528, 1,036)	.145	560.3	(96, 1,705)	.005
Unknown	−30.5	(−1,338, 3,359)	.977	188.4	(−1,714, 5,583)	.905	−50	(−245, 623)	.803
Chemotherapy
No (reference)
Yes	−1,970	(−2,443, −45)	.047	−5,898	(−4,997, −5,701)	<.001	1811	(723, 4,198)	<.001
Radiotherapy
No (reference)
Yes	−3,092	(−3,288, −1,374)	.007	−6,570	(−5,581, −6,154)	<.001	802.7	(152, 2,450)	.003
Resection of primary tumors
No (reference)
Yes	6,194	(2,588, 13,165)	<.001	6,586	(2,235, 15,795)	<.001	−70.2	(−218, 440)	.664
Resection of liver metastasis
No (reference)
Yes	1,336	(−2,880, 15,434)	.698	1,148	(−3,930, 20,282)	.801	155.7	(−479, 3043)	.799
Region
Midwest (reference)
Northeast	−348	(−1,795, 3,667)	.792	−1,078	(−2,716, 4,373)	.558	44.14	(−240, 990)	.859
South	−1,814	(−2,447, 512)	.095	−3,306	(−3,692, −568)	.029	−316	(−387, 127)	.108
West	−1,810	(−2,485, 645)	.108	−2,144	(−3,135, 1,834)	.191	166.7	(−161, 1,159)	.48
Census tract % with at least high school diploma education in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	45.97	(−1,287, 3,469)	.966	−215	(−1,893, 4,706)	.888	295.3	(−73, 1,319)	.177
3rd quartile	−1,241	(−2,182, 1,711)	.289	−2,232	(−3,185, 1,680)	.173	119.4	(−182, 1,051)	.605
4th quartile	−2,809	(−3,199, −641)	.023	−4,258	(−4,430, −1,515)	.014	−177	(−358, 583)	.478
Census tract median income in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	1,861	(−493, 7.402)	.171	848.3	(−1,633, 7,780)	.649	109.4	(−199, 1,084)	.652
3rd quartile	4,592	(387, 14,500)	.022	4075	(−754, 17,120)	.141	256.4	(−211, 1,775)	.447
4th quartile	7,043	(1.184, 21,041)	.006	8173	(621, 28,296)	.023	74.23	(−342, 1,632)	.845
Census tract % below poverty level in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	−315	(−1,655, 3,336)	.794	−580	(−2,316, 4,817)	.737	41.22	(−229, 930)	.861
3rd quartile	2,083	(−971, 9,870)	.273	2024	(−1,789, 13,064)	.448	−105	(−375, 977)	.736
4th quartile	2,385	(−1,125, 1,1641)	.28	1647	(−2,361, 14,016)	.588	−93.6	(−419, 1275)	.802

Overall incremental monthly costs compared to reference

Incremental inpatient monthly costs compared to reference

Incremental outpatient monthly costs

Parameter

Estimate

p value

Estimate

p value

Estimate

p value

Carcinoid syndrome

Yes

506.3

(−694, 3,317)

.535

−477

(−1608, 2829)

.669

260.2

(−28, 1009)

No (reference)

Age

65–69 (reference)

70–74

−1,021

(−2,054, 2,087)

.385

−2,132

(−3,139, 1,894)

.197

35.17

(−221, 872)

.875

75–79

−1,693

(−2,408, 819)

.131

−1,532

(−2,799, 2,948)

.356

−290

(−375, 188)

.149

≥80

−1,630

(−2,289, 672)

.119

−3,068

(−3,498, −359)

.035

−357

(−398, 9)

.053

Gender

Female (reference)

Male

−944

(−1,454, 598)

.163

−1,270

(−1,928, 1,032)

.189

64.32

(−109, 557)

.62

Race

Non‐Hispanic white (reference)

Non‐Hispanic black

959.5

(−798, 5,169)

.402

1,165

(−1,179, 7,365)

.471

−59.6

(−254, 623)

.771

Hispanic or others

3,157

(214, 9,779)

.028

2,459

(−770, 10,783)

.203

−283

(−385, 255)

.188

Comorbidity score

0 (reference)

3,046

(636, 8,100)

.003

3,797

(515, 11,326)

.011

100.9

(−140, 809)

.573

4,407

(1,217, 11,066)

<.001

5,205

(1,047, 14,695)

.003

−128

(−281, 456)

.509

≥3

4,185

(1,346, 9,925)

<.001

4,944

(1,213, 13,194)

<.001

281.2

(−46, 1,154)

.129

Site

Larynx, bronchus, lung, trachea, and other (reference)

Cecum and appendix

−38.2

(−2,225, 6,361)

.984

−1035

(−3,361, 7,140)

.684

−655

(−643, −134)

.029

Colon

−2,644

(−3,122, −294)

.036

−4072

(−4,343, −1,119)

.02

68.46

(−237, 1,077)

.792

Others

−3,711

(−3,470, −2,994)

<.001

−5,457

(−4772, −4838)

<.001

51.39

(−192, 818)

.801

Small intestine

1,435

(−405, 5,635)

.177

1,868

(−655, 8,176)

.218

−77.4

(−244, 511)

.675

Grade

Well‐differentiated (reference)

Moderately differentiated

−1,220

(−1,941, 1,048)

.202

−2,078

(−2,813, 965)

.124

50.67

(−174, 744)

.785

Urban/rural status

Nonmetropolitan (reference)

Metropolitan

263.8

(−1,213, 4,006)

.816

837.7

(−1,429, 7,013)

.616

−93.7

(−266, 531)

.635

Stage

Local/regional (reference)

Distant

−286

(−1,308, 2,393)

.755

−1,799

(−2,528, 1,036)

.145

560.3

(96, 1,705)

.005

Unknown

−30.5

(−1,338, 3,359)

.977

188.4

(−1,714, 5,583)

.905

−50

(−245, 623)

.803

Chemotherapy

No (reference)

Yes

−1,970

(−2,443, −45)

.047

−5,898

(−4,997, −5,701)

<.001

1811

(723, 4,198)

<.001

Radiotherapy

No (reference)

Yes

−3,092

(−3,288, −1,374)

.007

−6,570

(−5,581, −6,154)

<.001

802.7

(152, 2,450)

.003

Resection of primary tumors

No (reference)

Yes

6,194

(2,588, 13,165)

<.001

6,586

(2,235, 15,795)

<.001

−70.2

(−218, 440)

.664

Resection of liver metastasis

No (reference)

Yes

1,336

(−2,880, 15,434)

.698

1,148

(−3,930, 20,282)

.801

155.7

(−479, 3043)

.799

Region

Midwest (reference)

Northeast

−348

(−1,795, 3,667)

.792

−1,078

(−2,716, 4,373)

.558

44.14

(−240, 990)

.859

South

−1,814

(−2,447, 512)

.095

−3,306

(−3,692, −568)

.029

−316

(−387, 127)

.108

West

−1,810

(−2,485, 645)

.108

−2,144

(−3,135, 1,834)

.191

166.7

(−161, 1,159)

.48

Census tract % with at least high school diploma education in quartile

1st quartile (reference)

2nd quartile

45.97

(−1,287, 3,469)

.966

−215

(−1,893, 4,706)

.888

295.3

(−73, 1,319)

.177

3rd quartile

−1,241

(−2,182, 1,711)

.289

−2,232

(−3,185, 1,680)

.173

119.4

(−182, 1,051)

.605

4th quartile

−2,809

(−3,199, −641)

.023

−4,258

(−4,430, −1,515)

.014

−177

(−358, 583)

.478

Census tract median income in quartile

1st quartile (reference)

2nd quartile

1,861

(−493, 7.402)

.171

848.3

(−1,633, 7,780)

.649

109.4

(−199, 1,084)

.652

3rd quartile

4,592

(387, 14,500)

.022

4075

(−754, 17,120)

.141

256.4

(−211, 1,775)

.447

4th quartile

7,043

(1.184, 21,041)

.006

8173

(621, 28,296)

.023

74.23

(−342, 1,632)

.845

Census tract % below poverty level in quartile

1st quartile (reference)

2nd quartile

−315

(−1,655, 3,336)

.794

−580

(−2,316, 4,817)

.737

41.22

(−229, 930)

.861

3rd quartile

2,083

(−971, 9,870)

.273

2024

(−1,789, 13,064)

.448

−105

(−375, 977)

.736

4th quartile

2,385

(−1,125, 1,1641)

.28

1647

(−2,361, 14,016)

.588

−93.6

(−419, 1275)

.802

	Overall incremental monthly costs compared to reference	Incremental inpatient monthly costs compared to reference	Incremental outpatient monthly costs
Carcinoid syndrome
Yes	506.3	(−694, 3,317)	.535	−477	(−1608, 2829)	.669	260.2	(−28, 1009)	.1
No (reference)
Age
65–69 (reference)
70–74	−1,021	(−2,054, 2,087)	.385	−2,132	(−3,139, 1,894)	.197	35.17	(−221, 872)	.875
75–79	−1,693	(−2,408, 819)	.131	−1,532	(−2,799, 2,948)	.356	−290	(−375, 188)	.149
≥80	−1,630	(−2,289, 672)	.119	−3,068	(−3,498, −359)	.035	−357	(−398, 9)	.053
Gender
Female (reference)
Male	−944	(−1,454, 598)	.163	−1,270	(−1,928, 1,032)	.189	64.32	(−109, 557)	.62
Race
Non‐Hispanic white (reference)
Non‐Hispanic black	959.5	(−798, 5,169)	.402	1,165	(−1,179, 7,365)	.471	−59.6	(−254, 623)	.771
Hispanic or others	3,157	(214, 9,779)	.028	2,459	(−770, 10,783)	.203	−283	(−385, 255)	.188
Comorbidity score
0 (reference)
1	3,046	(636, 8,100)	.003	3,797	(515, 11,326)	.011	100.9	(−140, 809)	.573
2	4,407	(1,217, 11,066)	<.001	5,205	(1,047, 14,695)	.003	−128	(−281, 456)	.509
≥3	4,185	(1,346, 9,925)	<.001	4,944	(1,213, 13,194)	<.001	281.2	(−46, 1,154)	.129
Site
Larynx, bronchus, lung, trachea, and other (reference)
Cecum and appendix	−38.2	(−2,225, 6,361)	.984	−1035	(−3,361, 7,140)	.684	−655	(−643, −134)	.029
Colon	−2,644	(−3,122, −294)	.036	−4072	(−4,343, −1,119)	.02	68.46	(−237, 1,077)	.792
Others	−3,711	(−3,470, −2,994)	<.001	−5,457	(−4772, −4838)	<.001	51.39	(−192, 818)	.801
Small intestine	1,435	(−405, 5,635)	.177	1,868	(−655, 8,176)	.218	−77.4	(−244, 511)	.675
Grade
Well‐differentiated (reference)
Moderately differentiated	−1,220	(−1,941, 1,048)	.202	−2,078	(−2,813, 965)	.124	50.67	(−174, 744)	.785
Urban/rural status
Nonmetropolitan (reference)
Metropolitan	263.8	(−1,213, 4,006)	.816	837.7	(−1,429, 7,013)	.616	−93.7	(−266, 531)	.635
Stage
Local/regional (reference)
Distant	−286	(−1,308, 2,393)	.755	−1,799	(−2,528, 1,036)	.145	560.3	(96, 1,705)	.005
Unknown	−30.5	(−1,338, 3,359)	.977	188.4	(−1,714, 5,583)	.905	−50	(−245, 623)	.803
Chemotherapy
No (reference)
Yes	−1,970	(−2,443, −45)	.047	−5,898	(−4,997, −5,701)	<.001	1811	(723, 4,198)	<.001
Radiotherapy
No (reference)
Yes	−3,092	(−3,288, −1,374)	.007	−6,570	(−5,581, −6,154)	<.001	802.7	(152, 2,450)	.003
Resection of primary tumors
No (reference)
Yes	6,194	(2,588, 13,165)	<.001	6,586	(2,235, 15,795)	<.001	−70.2	(−218, 440)	.664
Resection of liver metastasis
No (reference)
Yes	1,336	(−2,880, 15,434)	.698	1,148	(−3,930, 20,282)	.801	155.7	(−479, 3043)	.799
Region
Midwest (reference)
Northeast	−348	(−1,795, 3,667)	.792	−1,078	(−2,716, 4,373)	.558	44.14	(−240, 990)	.859
South	−1,814	(−2,447, 512)	.095	−3,306	(−3,692, −568)	.029	−316	(−387, 127)	.108
West	−1,810	(−2,485, 645)	.108	−2,144	(−3,135, 1,834)	.191	166.7	(−161, 1,159)	.48
Census tract % with at least high school diploma education in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	45.97	(−1,287, 3,469)	.966	−215	(−1,893, 4,706)	.888	295.3	(−73, 1,319)	.177
3rd quartile	−1,241	(−2,182, 1,711)	.289	−2,232	(−3,185, 1,680)	.173	119.4	(−182, 1,051)	.605
4th quartile	−2,809	(−3,199, −641)	.023	−4,258	(−4,430, −1,515)	.014	−177	(−358, 583)	.478
Census tract median income in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	1,861	(−493, 7.402)	.171	848.3	(−1,633, 7,780)	.649	109.4	(−199, 1,084)	.652
3rd quartile	4,592	(387, 14,500)	.022	4075	(−754, 17,120)	.141	256.4	(−211, 1,775)	.447
4th quartile	7,043	(1.184, 21,041)	.006	8173	(621, 28,296)	.023	74.23	(−342, 1,632)	.845
Census tract % below poverty level in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	−315	(−1,655, 3,336)	.794	−580	(−2,316, 4,817)	.737	41.22	(−229, 930)	.861
3rd quartile	2,083	(−971, 9,870)	.273	2024	(−1,789, 13,064)	.448	−105	(−375, 977)	.736
4th quartile	2,385	(−1,125, 1,1641)	.28	1647	(−2,361, 14,016)	.588	−93.6	(−419, 1275)	.802

Overall incremental monthly costs compared to reference

Incremental inpatient monthly costs compared to reference

Incremental outpatient monthly costs

Parameter

Estimate

p value

Estimate

p value

Estimate

p value

Carcinoid syndrome

Yes

506.3

(−694, 3,317)

.535

−477

(−1608, 2829)

.669

260.2

(−28, 1009)

No (reference)

Age

65–69 (reference)

70–74

−1,021

(−2,054, 2,087)

.385

−2,132

(−3,139, 1,894)

.197

35.17

(−221, 872)

.875

75–79

−1,693

(−2,408, 819)

.131

−1,532

(−2,799, 2,948)

.356

−290

(−375, 188)

.149

≥80

−1,630

(−2,289, 672)

.119

−3,068

(−3,498, −359)

.035

−357

(−398, 9)

.053

Gender

Female (reference)

Male

−944

(−1,454, 598)

.163

−1,270

(−1,928, 1,032)

.189

64.32

(−109, 557)

.62

Race

Non‐Hispanic white (reference)

Non‐Hispanic black

959.5

(−798, 5,169)

.402

1,165

(−1,179, 7,365)

.471

−59.6

(−254, 623)

.771

Hispanic or others

3,157

(214, 9,779)

.028

2,459

(−770, 10,783)

.203

−283

(−385, 255)

.188

Comorbidity score

0 (reference)

3,046

(636, 8,100)

.003

3,797

(515, 11,326)

.011

100.9

(−140, 809)

.573

4,407

(1,217, 11,066)

<.001

5,205

(1,047, 14,695)

.003

−128

(−281, 456)

.509

≥3

4,185

(1,346, 9,925)

<.001

4,944

(1,213, 13,194)

<.001

281.2

(−46, 1,154)

.129

Site

Larynx, bronchus, lung, trachea, and other (reference)

Cecum and appendix

−38.2

(−2,225, 6,361)

.984

−1035

(−3,361, 7,140)

.684

−655

(−643, −134)

.029

Colon

−2,644

(−3,122, −294)

.036

−4072

(−4,343, −1,119)

.02

68.46

(−237, 1,077)

.792

Others

−3,711

(−3,470, −2,994)

<.001

−5,457

(−4772, −4838)

<.001

51.39

(−192, 818)

.801

Small intestine

1,435

(−405, 5,635)

.177

1,868

(−655, 8,176)

.218

−77.4

(−244, 511)

.675

Grade

Well‐differentiated (reference)

Moderately differentiated

−1,220

(−1,941, 1,048)

.202

−2,078

(−2,813, 965)

.124

50.67

(−174, 744)

.785

Urban/rural status

Nonmetropolitan (reference)

Metropolitan

263.8

(−1,213, 4,006)

.816

837.7

(−1,429, 7,013)

.616

−93.7

(−266, 531)

.635

Stage

Local/regional (reference)

Distant

−286

(−1,308, 2,393)

.755

−1,799

(−2,528, 1,036)

.145

560.3

(96, 1,705)

.005

Unknown

−30.5

(−1,338, 3,359)

.977

188.4

(−1,714, 5,583)

.905

−50

(−245, 623)

.803

Chemotherapy

No (reference)

Yes

−1,970

(−2,443, −45)

.047

−5,898

(−4,997, −5,701)

<.001

1811

(723, 4,198)

<.001

Radiotherapy

No (reference)

Yes

−3,092

(−3,288, −1,374)

.007

−6,570

(−5,581, −6,154)

<.001

802.7

(152, 2,450)

.003

Resection of primary tumors

No (reference)

Yes

6,194

(2,588, 13,165)

<.001

6,586

(2,235, 15,795)

<.001

−70.2

(−218, 440)

.664

Resection of liver metastasis

No (reference)

Yes

1,336

(−2,880, 15,434)

.698

1,148

(−3,930, 20,282)

.801

155.7

(−479, 3043)

.799

Region

Midwest (reference)

Northeast

−348

(−1,795, 3,667)

.792

−1,078

(−2,716, 4,373)

.558

44.14

(−240, 990)

.859

South

−1,814

(−2,447, 512)

.095

−3,306

(−3,692, −568)

.029

−316

(−387, 127)

.108

West

−1,810

(−2,485, 645)

.108

−2,144

(−3,135, 1,834)

.191

166.7

(−161, 1,159)

.48

Census tract % with at least high school diploma education in quartile

1st quartile (reference)

2nd quartile

45.97

(−1,287, 3,469)

.966

−215

(−1,893, 4,706)

.888

295.3

(−73, 1,319)

.177

3rd quartile

−1,241

(−2,182, 1,711)

.289

−2,232

(−3,185, 1,680)

.173

119.4

(−182, 1,051)

.605

4th quartile

−2,809

(−3,199, −641)

.023

−4,258

(−4,430, −1,515)

.014

−177

(−358, 583)

.478

Census tract median income in quartile

1st quartile (reference)

2nd quartile

1,861

(−493, 7.402)

.171

848.3

(−1,633, 7,780)

.649

109.4

(−199, 1,084)

.652

3rd quartile

4,592

(387, 14,500)

.022

4075

(−754, 17,120)

.141

256.4

(−211, 1,775)

.447

4th quartile

7,043

(1.184, 21,041)

.006

8173

(621, 28,296)

.023

74.23

(−342, 1,632)

.845

Census tract % below poverty level in quartile

1st quartile (reference)

2nd quartile

−315

(−1,655, 3,336)

.794

−580

(−2,316, 4,817)

.737

41.22

(−229, 930)

.861

3rd quartile

2,083

(−971, 9,870)

.273

2024

(−1,789, 13,064)

.448

−105

(−375, 977)

.736

4th quartile

2,385

(−1,125, 1,1641)

.28

1647

(−2,361, 14,016)

.588

−93.6

(−419, 1275)

.802

Table 3

Open in new tab

Multivariate Regression Analysis for the cohort that died within the first year

	Overall incremental monthly costs compared to reference			Incremental inpatient monthly costs compared to reference			Incremental outpatient monthly costs
Parameter	Estimate	CI	p value	Estimate	CI	p value	Estimate	CI	p value
Carcinoid syndrome
Yes	506.3	(−694, 3,317)	.535	−477	(−1608, 2829)	.669	260.2	(−28, 1009)	.1
No (reference)
Age
65–69 (reference)
70–74	−1,021	(−2,054, 2,087)	.385	−2,132	(−3,139, 1,894)	.197	35.17	(−221, 872)	.875
75–79	−1,693	(−2,408, 819)	.131	−1,532	(−2,799, 2,948)	.356	−290	(−375, 188)	.149
≥80	−1,630	(−2,289, 672)	.119	−3,068	(−3,498, −359)	.035	−357	(−398, 9)	.053
Gender
Female (reference)
Male	−944	(−1,454, 598)	.163	−1,270	(−1,928, 1,032)	.189	64.32	(−109, 557)	.62
Race
Non‐Hispanic white (reference)
Non‐Hispanic black	959.5	(−798, 5,169)	.402	1,165	(−1,179, 7,365)	.471	−59.6	(−254, 623)	.771
Hispanic or others	3,157	(214, 9,779)	.028	2,459	(−770, 10,783)	.203	−283	(−385, 255)	.188
Comorbidity score
0 (reference)
1	3,046	(636, 8,100)	.003	3,797	(515, 11,326)	.011	100.9	(−140, 809)	.573
2	4,407	(1,217, 11,066)	<.001	5,205	(1,047, 14,695)	.003	−128	(−281, 456)	.509
≥3	4,185	(1,346, 9,925)	<.001	4,944	(1,213, 13,194)	<.001	281.2	(−46, 1,154)	.129
Site
Larynx, bronchus, lung, trachea, and other (reference)
Cecum and appendix	−38.2	(−2,225, 6,361)	.984	−1035	(−3,361, 7,140)	.684	−655	(−643, −134)	.029
Colon	−2,644	(−3,122, −294)	.036	−4072	(−4,343, −1,119)	.02	68.46	(−237, 1,077)	.792
Others	−3,711	(−3,470, −2,994)	<.001	−5,457	(−4772, −4838)	<.001	51.39	(−192, 818)	.801
Small intestine	1,435	(−405, 5,635)	.177	1,868	(−655, 8,176)	.218	−77.4	(−244, 511)	.675
Grade
Well‐differentiated (reference)
Moderately differentiated	−1,220	(−1,941, 1,048)	.202	−2,078	(−2,813, 965)	.124	50.67	(−174, 744)	.785
Urban/rural status
Nonmetropolitan (reference)
Metropolitan	263.8	(−1,213, 4,006)	.816	837.7	(−1,429, 7,013)	.616	−93.7	(−266, 531)	.635
Stage
Local/regional (reference)
Distant	−286	(−1,308, 2,393)	.755	−1,799	(−2,528, 1,036)	.145	560.3	(96, 1,705)	.005
Unknown	−30.5	(−1,338, 3,359)	.977	188.4	(−1,714, 5,583)	.905	−50	(−245, 623)	.803
Chemotherapy
No (reference)
Yes	−1,970	(−2,443, −45)	.047	−5,898	(−4,997, −5,701)	<.001	1811	(723, 4,198)	<.001
Radiotherapy
No (reference)
Yes	−3,092	(−3,288, −1,374)	.007	−6,570	(−5,581, −6,154)	<.001	802.7	(152, 2,450)	.003
Resection of primary tumors
No (reference)
Yes	6,194	(2,588, 13,165)	<.001	6,586	(2,235, 15,795)	<.001	−70.2	(−218, 440)	.664
Resection of liver metastasis
No (reference)
Yes	1,336	(−2,880, 15,434)	.698	1,148	(−3,930, 20,282)	.801	155.7	(−479, 3043)	.799
Region
Midwest (reference)
Northeast	−348	(−1,795, 3,667)	.792	−1,078	(−2,716, 4,373)	.558	44.14	(−240, 990)	.859
South	−1,814	(−2,447, 512)	.095	−3,306	(−3,692, −568)	.029	−316	(−387, 127)	.108
West	−1,810	(−2,485, 645)	.108	−2,144	(−3,135, 1,834)	.191	166.7	(−161, 1,159)	.48
Census tract % with at least high school diploma education in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	45.97	(−1,287, 3,469)	.966	−215	(−1,893, 4,706)	.888	295.3	(−73, 1,319)	.177
3rd quartile	−1,241	(−2,182, 1,711)	.289	−2,232	(−3,185, 1,680)	.173	119.4	(−182, 1,051)	.605
4th quartile	−2,809	(−3,199, −641)	.023	−4,258	(−4,430, −1,515)	.014	−177	(−358, 583)	.478
Census tract median income in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	1,861	(−493, 7.402)	.171	848.3	(−1,633, 7,780)	.649	109.4	(−199, 1,084)	.652
3rd quartile	4,592	(387, 14,500)	.022	4075	(−754, 17,120)	.141	256.4	(−211, 1,775)	.447
4th quartile	7,043	(1.184, 21,041)	.006	8173	(621, 28,296)	.023	74.23	(−342, 1,632)	.845
Census tract % below poverty level in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	−315	(−1,655, 3,336)	.794	−580	(−2,316, 4,817)	.737	41.22	(−229, 930)	.861
3rd quartile	2,083	(−971, 9,870)	.273	2024	(−1,789, 13,064)	.448	−105	(−375, 977)	.736
4th quartile	2,385	(−1,125, 1,1641)	.28	1647	(−2,361, 14,016)	.588	−93.6	(−419, 1275)	.802

	Overall incremental monthly costs compared to reference			Incremental inpatient monthly costs compared to reference			Incremental outpatient monthly costs
Parameter	Estimate	CI	p value	Estimate	CI	p value	Estimate	CI	p value
Carcinoid syndrome
Yes	506.3	(−694, 3,317)	.535	−477	(−1608, 2829)	.669	260.2	(−28, 1009)	.1
No (reference)
Age
65–69 (reference)
70–74	−1,021	(−2,054, 2,087)	.385	−2,132	(−3,139, 1,894)	.197	35.17	(−221, 872)	.875
75–79	−1,693	(−2,408, 819)	.131	−1,532	(−2,799, 2,948)	.356	−290	(−375, 188)	.149
≥80	−1,630	(−2,289, 672)	.119	−3,068	(−3,498, −359)	.035	−357	(−398, 9)	.053
Gender
Female (reference)
Male	−944	(−1,454, 598)	.163	−1,270	(−1,928, 1,032)	.189	64.32	(−109, 557)	.62
Race
Non‐Hispanic white (reference)
Non‐Hispanic black	959.5	(−798, 5,169)	.402	1,165	(−1,179, 7,365)	.471	−59.6	(−254, 623)	.771
Hispanic or others	3,157	(214, 9,779)	.028	2,459	(−770, 10,783)	.203	−283	(−385, 255)	.188
Comorbidity score
0 (reference)
1	3,046	(636, 8,100)	.003	3,797	(515, 11,326)	.011	100.9	(−140, 809)	.573
2	4,407	(1,217, 11,066)	<.001	5,205	(1,047, 14,695)	.003	−128	(−281, 456)	.509
≥3	4,185	(1,346, 9,925)	<.001	4,944	(1,213, 13,194)	<.001	281.2	(−46, 1,154)	.129
Site
Larynx, bronchus, lung, trachea, and other (reference)
Cecum and appendix	−38.2	(−2,225, 6,361)	.984	−1035	(−3,361, 7,140)	.684	−655	(−643, −134)	.029
Colon	−2,644	(−3,122, −294)	.036	−4072	(−4,343, −1,119)	.02	68.46	(−237, 1,077)	.792
Others	−3,711	(−3,470, −2,994)	<.001	−5,457	(−4772, −4838)	<.001	51.39	(−192, 818)	.801
Small intestine	1,435	(−405, 5,635)	.177	1,868	(−655, 8,176)	.218	−77.4	(−244, 511)	.675
Grade
Well‐differentiated (reference)
Moderately differentiated	−1,220	(−1,941, 1,048)	.202	−2,078	(−2,813, 965)	.124	50.67	(−174, 744)	.785
Urban/rural status
Nonmetropolitan (reference)
Metropolitan	263.8	(−1,213, 4,006)	.816	837.7	(−1,429, 7,013)	.616	−93.7	(−266, 531)	.635
Stage
Local/regional (reference)
Distant	−286	(−1,308, 2,393)	.755	−1,799	(−2,528, 1,036)	.145	560.3	(96, 1,705)	.005
Unknown	−30.5	(−1,338, 3,359)	.977	188.4	(−1,714, 5,583)	.905	−50	(−245, 623)	.803
Chemotherapy
No (reference)
Yes	−1,970	(−2,443, −45)	.047	−5,898	(−4,997, −5,701)	<.001	1811	(723, 4,198)	<.001
Radiotherapy
No (reference)
Yes	−3,092	(−3,288, −1,374)	.007	−6,570	(−5,581, −6,154)	<.001	802.7	(152, 2,450)	.003
Resection of primary tumors
No (reference)
Yes	6,194	(2,588, 13,165)	<.001	6,586	(2,235, 15,795)	<.001	−70.2	(−218, 440)	.664
Resection of liver metastasis
No (reference)
Yes	1,336	(−2,880, 15,434)	.698	1,148	(−3,930, 20,282)	.801	155.7	(−479, 3043)	.799
Region
Midwest (reference)
Northeast	−348	(−1,795, 3,667)	.792	−1,078	(−2,716, 4,373)	.558	44.14	(−240, 990)	.859
South	−1,814	(−2,447, 512)	.095	−3,306	(−3,692, −568)	.029	−316	(−387, 127)	.108
West	−1,810	(−2,485, 645)	.108	−2,144	(−3,135, 1,834)	.191	166.7	(−161, 1,159)	.48
Census tract % with at least high school diploma education in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	45.97	(−1,287, 3,469)	.966	−215	(−1,893, 4,706)	.888	295.3	(−73, 1,319)	.177
3rd quartile	−1,241	(−2,182, 1,711)	.289	−2,232	(−3,185, 1,680)	.173	119.4	(−182, 1,051)	.605
4th quartile	−2,809	(−3,199, −641)	.023	−4,258	(−4,430, −1,515)	.014	−177	(−358, 583)	.478
Census tract median income in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	1,861	(−493, 7.402)	.171	848.3	(−1,633, 7,780)	.649	109.4	(−199, 1,084)	.652
3rd quartile	4,592	(387, 14,500)	.022	4075	(−754, 17,120)	.141	256.4	(−211, 1,775)	.447
4th quartile	7,043	(1.184, 21,041)	.006	8173	(621, 28,296)	.023	74.23	(−342, 1,632)	.845
Census tract % below poverty level in quartile
1st quartile (reference)
2nd quartile	−315	(−1,655, 3,336)	.794	−580	(−2,316, 4,817)	.737	41.22	(−229, 930)	.861
3rd quartile	2,083	(−971, 9,870)	.273	2024	(−1,789, 13,064)	.448	−105	(−375, 977)	.736
4th quartile	2,385	(−1,125, 1,1641)	.28	1647	(−2,361, 14,016)	.588	−93.6	(−419, 1275)	.802

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

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