Relationship between abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) and mineral and hormonal factors.
| . | Normal BMD . | Abnormal BMD . | P * . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 18 | 9 | |
| Age (year) | 31.4 ± 5.7 | 33.7 ± 7.7 | .392 |
| Sex (female: male) | 8:10 | 6:3 | .285 |
| Body height (cm) | 157.1 (153–160.9) | 155.5 (152.8–158) | .503 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.8 (19.1–23.7) | 20.8 (20.6–21.7) | .292 |
| Difference of real height from expected height (cm) | –5.7 ± 6.4 | –4.7 ± 4.6 | .756 |
| Fracture (N (%)) | 6 (33.3%) | 3 (33.3%) | 1.000 |
| Corrected calciuma (mmol/L) | 2.23 ± 0.09 | 2.22 ± 0.12 | .787 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | .678 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 13 (10.5–18.5) | 14 (11–14) | .901 |
| 25(OH)D deficiency,b % (number checked)) | 93.8 (16) | 100 (5) | .576 |
| iPTH (pg/mL) | 28.5 (15.4–41.1) | 25.4 (17.8–87.6) | .672 |
| FGF23 (pg/mL) | 19.9 (5.7–27.9) | 17.0 (14.1–101.2) | .654 |
| FGF23 statusc (low, normal, high) | 5, 11, 1 (29%, 65%, 6%) | 0, 3, 1 (0%, 75%, 25%) | .131 |
| Thyroid status (euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism) | 17, 0, 1 (94%, 0%, 6%) | 5, 0, 4 (56%, 0%, 44%) | .016 |
| Hypogonadism (%) | 55.6 | 66.7 | .587 |
| Growth hormone deficiency (%) | 61.1 | 85.7 | .246 |
| Abnormal pituitary MRId (%) | 88.9 | 100 | .456 |
| Glucose status (normal, pre-DM, DM) | 1, 4, 13 (6%, 22%, 72%) | 0, 2, 7 (0%, 22%, 78%) | .711 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.04 ± 0.87 | 8.03 ± 1.50 | .039 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.52 ± 1.45 | 9.87 ± 1.34 | .267 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1182 (790–2809) | 2290 (819–3408) | .304 |
| ACTH (pg/mL) | 34.2 ± 12.6 | 16.4 ± 9.6 | .005 |
| Cortisol (μg/dL) | 12.9 ± 4.1 | 12 ± 5.5 | .681 |
| . | Normal BMD . | Abnormal BMD . | P * . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 18 | 9 | |
| Age (year) | 31.4 ± 5.7 | 33.7 ± 7.7 | .392 |
| Sex (female: male) | 8:10 | 6:3 | .285 |
| Body height (cm) | 157.1 (153–160.9) | 155.5 (152.8–158) | .503 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.8 (19.1–23.7) | 20.8 (20.6–21.7) | .292 |
| Difference of real height from expected height (cm) | –5.7 ± 6.4 | –4.7 ± 4.6 | .756 |
| Fracture (N (%)) | 6 (33.3%) | 3 (33.3%) | 1.000 |
| Corrected calciuma (mmol/L) | 2.23 ± 0.09 | 2.22 ± 0.12 | .787 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | .678 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 13 (10.5–18.5) | 14 (11–14) | .901 |
| 25(OH)D deficiency,b % (number checked)) | 93.8 (16) | 100 (5) | .576 |
| iPTH (pg/mL) | 28.5 (15.4–41.1) | 25.4 (17.8–87.6) | .672 |
| FGF23 (pg/mL) | 19.9 (5.7–27.9) | 17.0 (14.1–101.2) | .654 |
| FGF23 statusc (low, normal, high) | 5, 11, 1 (29%, 65%, 6%) | 0, 3, 1 (0%, 75%, 25%) | .131 |
| Thyroid status (euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism) | 17, 0, 1 (94%, 0%, 6%) | 5, 0, 4 (56%, 0%, 44%) | .016 |
| Hypogonadism (%) | 55.6 | 66.7 | .587 |
| Growth hormone deficiency (%) | 61.1 | 85.7 | .246 |
| Abnormal pituitary MRId (%) | 88.9 | 100 | .456 |
| Glucose status (normal, pre-DM, DM) | 1, 4, 13 (6%, 22%, 72%) | 0, 2, 7 (0%, 22%, 78%) | .711 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.04 ± 0.87 | 8.03 ± 1.50 | .039 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.52 ± 1.45 | 9.87 ± 1.34 | .267 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1182 (790–2809) | 2290 (819–3408) | .304 |
| ACTH (pg/mL) | 34.2 ± 12.6 | 16.4 ± 9.6 | .005 |
| Cortisol (μg/dL) | 12.9 ± 4.1 | 12 ± 5.5 | .681 |
Abnormal BMD was defined as Z-score ≤ –2 SD in either lumbar spine or femoral neck, and otherwise defined as normal.
Data are presented as mean ± SD ± if normally distributed, and as median (interquartile range) if not normally distributed.
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; ACTH, adrenocorticotropin; DM, diabetes mellitus; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; fT4, free thyroxine; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.
*P values for the comparison between normal and abnormal BMD group.
aCalcium was corrected by: calcium (mmol/L) + 0.2 × (albumin (g/dL) – 4).
b25(OH)D ≤ 24 ng/mL was defined as deficiency (1), whereas 25(OH)D higher than 24 ng/mL was defined as normal (0).
cFGF23 < 8.2 pg/mL was defined as low (–1); FGF23 between 8.2 and 54.3 pg/mL was defined as normal (0); FGF23 > 54.3 pg/mL was defined as high (1).
dHemochromatosis, empty sella or partial empty sella.
Relationship between abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) and mineral and hormonal factors.
| . | Normal BMD . | Abnormal BMD . | P * . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 18 | 9 | |
| Age (year) | 31.4 ± 5.7 | 33.7 ± 7.7 | .392 |
| Sex (female: male) | 8:10 | 6:3 | .285 |
| Body height (cm) | 157.1 (153–160.9) | 155.5 (152.8–158) | .503 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.8 (19.1–23.7) | 20.8 (20.6–21.7) | .292 |
| Difference of real height from expected height (cm) | –5.7 ± 6.4 | –4.7 ± 4.6 | .756 |
| Fracture (N (%)) | 6 (33.3%) | 3 (33.3%) | 1.000 |
| Corrected calciuma (mmol/L) | 2.23 ± 0.09 | 2.22 ± 0.12 | .787 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | .678 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 13 (10.5–18.5) | 14 (11–14) | .901 |
| 25(OH)D deficiency,b % (number checked)) | 93.8 (16) | 100 (5) | .576 |
| iPTH (pg/mL) | 28.5 (15.4–41.1) | 25.4 (17.8–87.6) | .672 |
| FGF23 (pg/mL) | 19.9 (5.7–27.9) | 17.0 (14.1–101.2) | .654 |
| FGF23 statusc (low, normal, high) | 5, 11, 1 (29%, 65%, 6%) | 0, 3, 1 (0%, 75%, 25%) | .131 |
| Thyroid status (euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism) | 17, 0, 1 (94%, 0%, 6%) | 5, 0, 4 (56%, 0%, 44%) | .016 |
| Hypogonadism (%) | 55.6 | 66.7 | .587 |
| Growth hormone deficiency (%) | 61.1 | 85.7 | .246 |
| Abnormal pituitary MRId (%) | 88.9 | 100 | .456 |
| Glucose status (normal, pre-DM, DM) | 1, 4, 13 (6%, 22%, 72%) | 0, 2, 7 (0%, 22%, 78%) | .711 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.04 ± 0.87 | 8.03 ± 1.50 | .039 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.52 ± 1.45 | 9.87 ± 1.34 | .267 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1182 (790–2809) | 2290 (819–3408) | .304 |
| ACTH (pg/mL) | 34.2 ± 12.6 | 16.4 ± 9.6 | .005 |
| Cortisol (μg/dL) | 12.9 ± 4.1 | 12 ± 5.5 | .681 |
| . | Normal BMD . | Abnormal BMD . | P * . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 18 | 9 | |
| Age (year) | 31.4 ± 5.7 | 33.7 ± 7.7 | .392 |
| Sex (female: male) | 8:10 | 6:3 | .285 |
| Body height (cm) | 157.1 (153–160.9) | 155.5 (152.8–158) | .503 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.8 (19.1–23.7) | 20.8 (20.6–21.7) | .292 |
| Difference of real height from expected height (cm) | –5.7 ± 6.4 | –4.7 ± 4.6 | .756 |
| Fracture (N (%)) | 6 (33.3%) | 3 (33.3%) | 1.000 |
| Corrected calciuma (mmol/L) | 2.23 ± 0.09 | 2.22 ± 0.12 | .787 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | .678 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 13 (10.5–18.5) | 14 (11–14) | .901 |
| 25(OH)D deficiency,b % (number checked)) | 93.8 (16) | 100 (5) | .576 |
| iPTH (pg/mL) | 28.5 (15.4–41.1) | 25.4 (17.8–87.6) | .672 |
| FGF23 (pg/mL) | 19.9 (5.7–27.9) | 17.0 (14.1–101.2) | .654 |
| FGF23 statusc (low, normal, high) | 5, 11, 1 (29%, 65%, 6%) | 0, 3, 1 (0%, 75%, 25%) | .131 |
| Thyroid status (euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism) | 17, 0, 1 (94%, 0%, 6%) | 5, 0, 4 (56%, 0%, 44%) | .016 |
| Hypogonadism (%) | 55.6 | 66.7 | .587 |
| Growth hormone deficiency (%) | 61.1 | 85.7 | .246 |
| Abnormal pituitary MRId (%) | 88.9 | 100 | .456 |
| Glucose status (normal, pre-DM, DM) | 1, 4, 13 (6%, 22%, 72%) | 0, 2, 7 (0%, 22%, 78%) | .711 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.04 ± 0.87 | 8.03 ± 1.50 | .039 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.52 ± 1.45 | 9.87 ± 1.34 | .267 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1182 (790–2809) | 2290 (819–3408) | .304 |
| ACTH (pg/mL) | 34.2 ± 12.6 | 16.4 ± 9.6 | .005 |
| Cortisol (μg/dL) | 12.9 ± 4.1 | 12 ± 5.5 | .681 |
Abnormal BMD was defined as Z-score ≤ –2 SD in either lumbar spine or femoral neck, and otherwise defined as normal.
Data are presented as mean ± SD ± if normally distributed, and as median (interquartile range) if not normally distributed.
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; ACTH, adrenocorticotropin; DM, diabetes mellitus; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; fT4, free thyroxine; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.
*P values for the comparison between normal and abnormal BMD group.
aCalcium was corrected by: calcium (mmol/L) + 0.2 × (albumin (g/dL) – 4).
b25(OH)D ≤ 24 ng/mL was defined as deficiency (1), whereas 25(OH)D higher than 24 ng/mL was defined as normal (0).
cFGF23 < 8.2 pg/mL was defined as low (–1); FGF23 between 8.2 and 54.3 pg/mL was defined as normal (0); FGF23 > 54.3 pg/mL was defined as high (1).
dHemochromatosis, empty sella or partial empty sella.
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