| . | VAS of EQ-5D-5L . | . | Mobility . | . | Self-care . | . | Usual activities . | . | Pain/discomfort . | . | Anxiety/depression . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Better (N = 156) . | Lower (N = 171) . | Better (N = 279) . | Lower (N = 48) . | Better (N = 310) . | Lower (N = 17) . | Better (N = 287) . | Lower (N = 40) . | Better (N = 82) . | Lower (N = 245) . | Better (N = 57) . | Lower (N = 270) . |
| Age, years | 39.0 ± 8.6 | 39.4 ± 10.3 | 38.6 ± 8.9 a | 42.7 ± 12.1 a | 39.0 ± 9.2 | 43.4 ± 14.2 | 38.8 ± 9.1 | 42.2 ± 11.6 | 39.3 ± 9.6 | 39.2 ± 9.5 | 41.9 ± 10.0 a | 38.7 ± 9.3 a |
| Sex, male/female | 70/86 a | 56/115 a | 110/169 | 16/32 | 118/192 | 8/9 | 112/175 | 14/26 | 39/43 | 87/158 | 23/34 | 103/167 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.3 ± 9.1 | 26.0 ± 4.7 | 26.5 ± 7.2 | 27.2 ± 7.2 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 28.4 ± 9.3 | 26.6 ± 7.2 | 26.8 ± 7.2 | 27.0 ± 7.5 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 26.4 ± 6.6 | 26.7 ± 7.3 |
| GH at diagnosis, ng/mL | 16.6 (6.5, 35.0) | 19.0 (8.1, 43.0) | 16.0 (7.1, 39.0) | 34.3 (8.7, 47.3) | 17.0 (7.2, 40.0) | 34.0 (7.8, 48.0) | 16.0 (7.0, 38.5) | 34.5 (9.5, 45.8) | 12.4 (5.0, 23.0) | 20.0 (9.0, 43.0) | 12.4 (5.0, 23.0) | 19.5 (8.9, 40.0) |
| IGF-1 at diagnosis, ng/mL | 629.0 (426.5, 844.3) | 622.0 (399.0, 833.5) | 622.0 (416.0, 822.5) | 640.5 (412.0, 882.5) | 628.5 (404.5, 847.8) | 620.0 (510.0, 780.0) | 618.0 (402.0, 822.5) | 660.0 (459.5, 891.8) | 589.0 (379.0, 800.0) | 634.0 (428.0, 862.0) | 599.0 (376.0, 800.0) | 631.0 (421.3, 860.8) |
| IGF-1%ULN at diagnosis, % | 212.4 ± 105.2 | 209.5 ± 106.8 | 207.0 ± 101.7 | 233.8 ± 126.4 | 209.4 ± 104.8 | 238.9 ± 124.2 | 206.8 ± 103.9 | 239.9 ± 116.3 | 198.4 ± 102.0 | 215.1 ± 107.0 | 206.2 ± 105.3 | 211.9 ± 106.2 |
| Surgery, n/% | 124 / 79.5% | 141 / 82.5% | 223 / 79.9% | 42 / 87.5% | 252 / 81.3% | 13 / 76.5% | 231 / 80.5% | 34 / 85.0% | 59 / 72.0% a | 206 / 84.1% a | 44 / 77.2% | 221 / 81.9% |
| TES, n/% | 56 / 35.9% | 75 / 43.9% | 110 / 39.4% | 21 / 43.8% | 122 / 39.4% | 9 / 52.9% | 113 / 39.4% | 18 / 45.0% | 28 / 34.1% | 103 / 42.0% | 21 / 36.8% | 110 / 40.7% |
| TMS, n/% | 63 / 40.4% | 59 / 34.5% | 104 / 37.3% | 18 / 37.5% | 119 / 38.4% | 3 / 17.6% | 109 / 38.0% | 13 / 35.0% | 29 / 35.4% | 93 / 38.0% | 19 / 33.3% | 103 / 38.1% |
| Transcranial surgery, n/% | 5 / 3.2% | 7 / 4.1% | 9 / 3.2% | 3 / 6.3% | 11 / 3.5% | 1 / 5.9% | 9 / 3.1% | 3 / 7.5% | 2 / 2.4% | 10 / 4.1% | 4 / 7.0% | 8 / 3.0% |
| Medical treatment, n/% | 75 / 48.1% | 85 / 49.7% | 133 / 47.7% | 27 / 56.3% | 152 / 49.0% | 8 / 47.1% | 138 / 48.1% | 22 / 55.0% | 32 / 39.0% a | 128 / 52.2% a | 24 / 42.1% | 136 / 50.4% |
| Somatostatin analog, n/% | 63 / 40.4% | 76 / 44.4% | 118 / 42.3% | 21 / 43.8% | 133 / 42.9% | 6 / 35.3% | 123 / 42.8% | 16 / 40.0% | 27 / 32.9% a | 112 / 45.7% a | 21 / 36.8% | 118 / 43.7% |
| Dopamine agonist, n/% | 29 / 18.6% | 41/ 24.0% | 60 / 21.5% | 10 / 20.8% | 66 / 21.3% | 4 / 23.5% | 59 / 20.6% | 11 / 27.5% | 13 / 15.9% | 57 / 23.3% | 11 / 19.3% | 59 / 21.9% |
| Both above medication, n/% | 17 / 10.9% a | 32 / 18.7% a | 45 / 16.1% | 4 / 8.3% | 47 / 15.2% | 2 / 11.8% | 44 / 15.3% | 5 / 12.5% | 8 / 9.8% | 41 / 16.7% | 8 / 14.0% | 41 / 15.2% |
| Radiotherapy, n/% | 45 / 28.8% | 65 / 38.0% | 89 / 31.9% | 21 / 43.8% | 107 / 34.5% | 3 / 17.6% | 94 / 32.8% | 16 / 40.0% | 17 / 20.7% bd | 93 / 38.0% bd | 11 / 19.3% bd | 99 / 36.7% bd |
| Follow up period, years | 10.2 ± 6.2 | 9.9 ± 6.2 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 11.3 ± 8.3 | 9.9 ± 5.9 | 11.8 ± 10.6 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 11.4 ± 8.7 | 9.4 ± 6.0 | 10.2 ± 6.3 | 11.1 ± 6.3 | 9.8 ± 6.2 |
| Comorbidities at follow-up, n | 2 (1, 6) cde | 5 (2, 9) cde | 3 (1, 6) cde | 9 (6, 14) cde | 4 (1, 7) cde | 11 (7, 19) cde | 3 (1, 7) cde | 9 (5, 13) cde | 2 (1, 4) cde | 5 (2, 8) cde | 2 (1, 5) cde | 4 (2, 8) cde |
| Symptoms at follow-up, n | 5 (3, 8) cde | 8 (5, 11) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 11 (6, 14) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 12 (8, 16) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 11 (6, 13) cde | 4 (2, 5) cde | 7 (5, 11) cde | 4 (2, 5) cde | 7 (4, 10) cde |
| GH at follow-up, ng/mL | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.7) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.8, 2.8) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.9) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.0) b | 1.1 (0.5, 2.2) b | 0.5 (0.2, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.0) |
| IGF-1 at follow-up, ng/mL | 207.0 (139.8, 323.3) | 218.7 (141.0, 312.4) | 217.3 (141.0, 315.0) | 207.0 (133.3, 341.7) | 214.7 (140.2, 316.2) | 264.7 (169.3, 348.7) | 214.0 (137.7, 318.7) | 238.4 (160.4, 311.5) | 185.4 (126.7, 250.7) a | 233.3 (146.7, 332.0) a | 184.0 (138.7, 250.0) a | 229.7 (145.3, 328.7) a |
| IGF-1%ULN at follow-up, % | 74.2 ± 41.0 | 76.0 ± 46.7 | 73.8 ± 41.3 | 82.8 ± 57.1 | 74.5 ± 43.2 | 87.3 ± 57.2 | 74.0 ± 43.7 | 83.4 ± 45.7 | 64.6 ± 40.6 a | 78.7 ± 44.6 a | 65.8 ± 37.2 | 77.1 ± 45.1 |
| . | VAS of EQ-5D-5L . | . | Mobility . | . | Self-care . | . | Usual activities . | . | Pain/discomfort . | . | Anxiety/depression . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Better (N = 156) . | Lower (N = 171) . | Better (N = 279) . | Lower (N = 48) . | Better (N = 310) . | Lower (N = 17) . | Better (N = 287) . | Lower (N = 40) . | Better (N = 82) . | Lower (N = 245) . | Better (N = 57) . | Lower (N = 270) . |
| Age, years | 39.0 ± 8.6 | 39.4 ± 10.3 | 38.6 ± 8.9 a | 42.7 ± 12.1 a | 39.0 ± 9.2 | 43.4 ± 14.2 | 38.8 ± 9.1 | 42.2 ± 11.6 | 39.3 ± 9.6 | 39.2 ± 9.5 | 41.9 ± 10.0 a | 38.7 ± 9.3 a |
| Sex, male/female | 70/86 a | 56/115 a | 110/169 | 16/32 | 118/192 | 8/9 | 112/175 | 14/26 | 39/43 | 87/158 | 23/34 | 103/167 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.3 ± 9.1 | 26.0 ± 4.7 | 26.5 ± 7.2 | 27.2 ± 7.2 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 28.4 ± 9.3 | 26.6 ± 7.2 | 26.8 ± 7.2 | 27.0 ± 7.5 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 26.4 ± 6.6 | 26.7 ± 7.3 |
| GH at diagnosis, ng/mL | 16.6 (6.5, 35.0) | 19.0 (8.1, 43.0) | 16.0 (7.1, 39.0) | 34.3 (8.7, 47.3) | 17.0 (7.2, 40.0) | 34.0 (7.8, 48.0) | 16.0 (7.0, 38.5) | 34.5 (9.5, 45.8) | 12.4 (5.0, 23.0) | 20.0 (9.0, 43.0) | 12.4 (5.0, 23.0) | 19.5 (8.9, 40.0) |
| IGF-1 at diagnosis, ng/mL | 629.0 (426.5, 844.3) | 622.0 (399.0, 833.5) | 622.0 (416.0, 822.5) | 640.5 (412.0, 882.5) | 628.5 (404.5, 847.8) | 620.0 (510.0, 780.0) | 618.0 (402.0, 822.5) | 660.0 (459.5, 891.8) | 589.0 (379.0, 800.0) | 634.0 (428.0, 862.0) | 599.0 (376.0, 800.0) | 631.0 (421.3, 860.8) |
| IGF-1%ULN at diagnosis, % | 212.4 ± 105.2 | 209.5 ± 106.8 | 207.0 ± 101.7 | 233.8 ± 126.4 | 209.4 ± 104.8 | 238.9 ± 124.2 | 206.8 ± 103.9 | 239.9 ± 116.3 | 198.4 ± 102.0 | 215.1 ± 107.0 | 206.2 ± 105.3 | 211.9 ± 106.2 |
| Surgery, n/% | 124 / 79.5% | 141 / 82.5% | 223 / 79.9% | 42 / 87.5% | 252 / 81.3% | 13 / 76.5% | 231 / 80.5% | 34 / 85.0% | 59 / 72.0% a | 206 / 84.1% a | 44 / 77.2% | 221 / 81.9% |
| TES, n/% | 56 / 35.9% | 75 / 43.9% | 110 / 39.4% | 21 / 43.8% | 122 / 39.4% | 9 / 52.9% | 113 / 39.4% | 18 / 45.0% | 28 / 34.1% | 103 / 42.0% | 21 / 36.8% | 110 / 40.7% |
| TMS, n/% | 63 / 40.4% | 59 / 34.5% | 104 / 37.3% | 18 / 37.5% | 119 / 38.4% | 3 / 17.6% | 109 / 38.0% | 13 / 35.0% | 29 / 35.4% | 93 / 38.0% | 19 / 33.3% | 103 / 38.1% |
| Transcranial surgery, n/% | 5 / 3.2% | 7 / 4.1% | 9 / 3.2% | 3 / 6.3% | 11 / 3.5% | 1 / 5.9% | 9 / 3.1% | 3 / 7.5% | 2 / 2.4% | 10 / 4.1% | 4 / 7.0% | 8 / 3.0% |
| Medical treatment, n/% | 75 / 48.1% | 85 / 49.7% | 133 / 47.7% | 27 / 56.3% | 152 / 49.0% | 8 / 47.1% | 138 / 48.1% | 22 / 55.0% | 32 / 39.0% a | 128 / 52.2% a | 24 / 42.1% | 136 / 50.4% |
| Somatostatin analog, n/% | 63 / 40.4% | 76 / 44.4% | 118 / 42.3% | 21 / 43.8% | 133 / 42.9% | 6 / 35.3% | 123 / 42.8% | 16 / 40.0% | 27 / 32.9% a | 112 / 45.7% a | 21 / 36.8% | 118 / 43.7% |
| Dopamine agonist, n/% | 29 / 18.6% | 41/ 24.0% | 60 / 21.5% | 10 / 20.8% | 66 / 21.3% | 4 / 23.5% | 59 / 20.6% | 11 / 27.5% | 13 / 15.9% | 57 / 23.3% | 11 / 19.3% | 59 / 21.9% |
| Both above medication, n/% | 17 / 10.9% a | 32 / 18.7% a | 45 / 16.1% | 4 / 8.3% | 47 / 15.2% | 2 / 11.8% | 44 / 15.3% | 5 / 12.5% | 8 / 9.8% | 41 / 16.7% | 8 / 14.0% | 41 / 15.2% |
| Radiotherapy, n/% | 45 / 28.8% | 65 / 38.0% | 89 / 31.9% | 21 / 43.8% | 107 / 34.5% | 3 / 17.6% | 94 / 32.8% | 16 / 40.0% | 17 / 20.7% bd | 93 / 38.0% bd | 11 / 19.3% bd | 99 / 36.7% bd |
| Follow up period, years | 10.2 ± 6.2 | 9.9 ± 6.2 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 11.3 ± 8.3 | 9.9 ± 5.9 | 11.8 ± 10.6 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 11.4 ± 8.7 | 9.4 ± 6.0 | 10.2 ± 6.3 | 11.1 ± 6.3 | 9.8 ± 6.2 |
| Comorbidities at follow-up, n | 2 (1, 6) cde | 5 (2, 9) cde | 3 (1, 6) cde | 9 (6, 14) cde | 4 (1, 7) cde | 11 (7, 19) cde | 3 (1, 7) cde | 9 (5, 13) cde | 2 (1, 4) cde | 5 (2, 8) cde | 2 (1, 5) cde | 4 (2, 8) cde |
| Symptoms at follow-up, n | 5 (3, 8) cde | 8 (5, 11) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 11 (6, 14) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 12 (8, 16) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 11 (6, 13) cde | 4 (2, 5) cde | 7 (5, 11) cde | 4 (2, 5) cde | 7 (4, 10) cde |
| GH at follow-up, ng/mL | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.7) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.8, 2.8) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.9) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.0) b | 1.1 (0.5, 2.2) b | 0.5 (0.2, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.0) |
| IGF-1 at follow-up, ng/mL | 207.0 (139.8, 323.3) | 218.7 (141.0, 312.4) | 217.3 (141.0, 315.0) | 207.0 (133.3, 341.7) | 214.7 (140.2, 316.2) | 264.7 (169.3, 348.7) | 214.0 (137.7, 318.7) | 238.4 (160.4, 311.5) | 185.4 (126.7, 250.7) a | 233.3 (146.7, 332.0) a | 184.0 (138.7, 250.0) a | 229.7 (145.3, 328.7) a |
| IGF-1%ULN at follow-up, % | 74.2 ± 41.0 | 76.0 ± 46.7 | 73.8 ± 41.3 | 82.8 ± 57.1 | 74.5 ± 43.2 | 87.3 ± 57.2 | 74.0 ± 43.7 | 83.4 ± 45.7 | 64.6 ± 40.6 a | 78.7 ± 44.6 a | 65.8 ± 37.2 | 77.1 ± 45.1 |
Continuous variables are presented as means ± standard deviations if normally distributed or medians (25th and 75th quartile) if not normally distributed.
Abbreviations: GH, growth hormone; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; TES, transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery; TMS, transsphenoidal microscopic surgery; ULN, upper limit of the normal range.
a (P < 0.05), b (P < 0.01) and c (P < 0.001) indicate significant differences between patients with lower and better EQ-5D-5L scores after univariate analysis.
d Indicates statistically significant differences after being justified by the FDR algorithm, used to control the chance of generating false positives during multiple comparisons.
e Indicates the independent factors.
| . | VAS of EQ-5D-5L . | . | Mobility . | . | Self-care . | . | Usual activities . | . | Pain/discomfort . | . | Anxiety/depression . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Better (N = 156) . | Lower (N = 171) . | Better (N = 279) . | Lower (N = 48) . | Better (N = 310) . | Lower (N = 17) . | Better (N = 287) . | Lower (N = 40) . | Better (N = 82) . | Lower (N = 245) . | Better (N = 57) . | Lower (N = 270) . |
| Age, years | 39.0 ± 8.6 | 39.4 ± 10.3 | 38.6 ± 8.9 a | 42.7 ± 12.1 a | 39.0 ± 9.2 | 43.4 ± 14.2 | 38.8 ± 9.1 | 42.2 ± 11.6 | 39.3 ± 9.6 | 39.2 ± 9.5 | 41.9 ± 10.0 a | 38.7 ± 9.3 a |
| Sex, male/female | 70/86 a | 56/115 a | 110/169 | 16/32 | 118/192 | 8/9 | 112/175 | 14/26 | 39/43 | 87/158 | 23/34 | 103/167 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.3 ± 9.1 | 26.0 ± 4.7 | 26.5 ± 7.2 | 27.2 ± 7.2 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 28.4 ± 9.3 | 26.6 ± 7.2 | 26.8 ± 7.2 | 27.0 ± 7.5 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 26.4 ± 6.6 | 26.7 ± 7.3 |
| GH at diagnosis, ng/mL | 16.6 (6.5, 35.0) | 19.0 (8.1, 43.0) | 16.0 (7.1, 39.0) | 34.3 (8.7, 47.3) | 17.0 (7.2, 40.0) | 34.0 (7.8, 48.0) | 16.0 (7.0, 38.5) | 34.5 (9.5, 45.8) | 12.4 (5.0, 23.0) | 20.0 (9.0, 43.0) | 12.4 (5.0, 23.0) | 19.5 (8.9, 40.0) |
| IGF-1 at diagnosis, ng/mL | 629.0 (426.5, 844.3) | 622.0 (399.0, 833.5) | 622.0 (416.0, 822.5) | 640.5 (412.0, 882.5) | 628.5 (404.5, 847.8) | 620.0 (510.0, 780.0) | 618.0 (402.0, 822.5) | 660.0 (459.5, 891.8) | 589.0 (379.0, 800.0) | 634.0 (428.0, 862.0) | 599.0 (376.0, 800.0) | 631.0 (421.3, 860.8) |
| IGF-1%ULN at diagnosis, % | 212.4 ± 105.2 | 209.5 ± 106.8 | 207.0 ± 101.7 | 233.8 ± 126.4 | 209.4 ± 104.8 | 238.9 ± 124.2 | 206.8 ± 103.9 | 239.9 ± 116.3 | 198.4 ± 102.0 | 215.1 ± 107.0 | 206.2 ± 105.3 | 211.9 ± 106.2 |
| Surgery, n/% | 124 / 79.5% | 141 / 82.5% | 223 / 79.9% | 42 / 87.5% | 252 / 81.3% | 13 / 76.5% | 231 / 80.5% | 34 / 85.0% | 59 / 72.0% a | 206 / 84.1% a | 44 / 77.2% | 221 / 81.9% |
| TES, n/% | 56 / 35.9% | 75 / 43.9% | 110 / 39.4% | 21 / 43.8% | 122 / 39.4% | 9 / 52.9% | 113 / 39.4% | 18 / 45.0% | 28 / 34.1% | 103 / 42.0% | 21 / 36.8% | 110 / 40.7% |
| TMS, n/% | 63 / 40.4% | 59 / 34.5% | 104 / 37.3% | 18 / 37.5% | 119 / 38.4% | 3 / 17.6% | 109 / 38.0% | 13 / 35.0% | 29 / 35.4% | 93 / 38.0% | 19 / 33.3% | 103 / 38.1% |
| Transcranial surgery, n/% | 5 / 3.2% | 7 / 4.1% | 9 / 3.2% | 3 / 6.3% | 11 / 3.5% | 1 / 5.9% | 9 / 3.1% | 3 / 7.5% | 2 / 2.4% | 10 / 4.1% | 4 / 7.0% | 8 / 3.0% |
| Medical treatment, n/% | 75 / 48.1% | 85 / 49.7% | 133 / 47.7% | 27 / 56.3% | 152 / 49.0% | 8 / 47.1% | 138 / 48.1% | 22 / 55.0% | 32 / 39.0% a | 128 / 52.2% a | 24 / 42.1% | 136 / 50.4% |
| Somatostatin analog, n/% | 63 / 40.4% | 76 / 44.4% | 118 / 42.3% | 21 / 43.8% | 133 / 42.9% | 6 / 35.3% | 123 / 42.8% | 16 / 40.0% | 27 / 32.9% a | 112 / 45.7% a | 21 / 36.8% | 118 / 43.7% |
| Dopamine agonist, n/% | 29 / 18.6% | 41/ 24.0% | 60 / 21.5% | 10 / 20.8% | 66 / 21.3% | 4 / 23.5% | 59 / 20.6% | 11 / 27.5% | 13 / 15.9% | 57 / 23.3% | 11 / 19.3% | 59 / 21.9% |
| Both above medication, n/% | 17 / 10.9% a | 32 / 18.7% a | 45 / 16.1% | 4 / 8.3% | 47 / 15.2% | 2 / 11.8% | 44 / 15.3% | 5 / 12.5% | 8 / 9.8% | 41 / 16.7% | 8 / 14.0% | 41 / 15.2% |
| Radiotherapy, n/% | 45 / 28.8% | 65 / 38.0% | 89 / 31.9% | 21 / 43.8% | 107 / 34.5% | 3 / 17.6% | 94 / 32.8% | 16 / 40.0% | 17 / 20.7% bd | 93 / 38.0% bd | 11 / 19.3% bd | 99 / 36.7% bd |
| Follow up period, years | 10.2 ± 6.2 | 9.9 ± 6.2 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 11.3 ± 8.3 | 9.9 ± 5.9 | 11.8 ± 10.6 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 11.4 ± 8.7 | 9.4 ± 6.0 | 10.2 ± 6.3 | 11.1 ± 6.3 | 9.8 ± 6.2 |
| Comorbidities at follow-up, n | 2 (1, 6) cde | 5 (2, 9) cde | 3 (1, 6) cde | 9 (6, 14) cde | 4 (1, 7) cde | 11 (7, 19) cde | 3 (1, 7) cde | 9 (5, 13) cde | 2 (1, 4) cde | 5 (2, 8) cde | 2 (1, 5) cde | 4 (2, 8) cde |
| Symptoms at follow-up, n | 5 (3, 8) cde | 8 (5, 11) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 11 (6, 14) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 12 (8, 16) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 11 (6, 13) cde | 4 (2, 5) cde | 7 (5, 11) cde | 4 (2, 5) cde | 7 (4, 10) cde |
| GH at follow-up, ng/mL | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.7) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.8, 2.8) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.9) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.0) b | 1.1 (0.5, 2.2) b | 0.5 (0.2, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.0) |
| IGF-1 at follow-up, ng/mL | 207.0 (139.8, 323.3) | 218.7 (141.0, 312.4) | 217.3 (141.0, 315.0) | 207.0 (133.3, 341.7) | 214.7 (140.2, 316.2) | 264.7 (169.3, 348.7) | 214.0 (137.7, 318.7) | 238.4 (160.4, 311.5) | 185.4 (126.7, 250.7) a | 233.3 (146.7, 332.0) a | 184.0 (138.7, 250.0) a | 229.7 (145.3, 328.7) a |
| IGF-1%ULN at follow-up, % | 74.2 ± 41.0 | 76.0 ± 46.7 | 73.8 ± 41.3 | 82.8 ± 57.1 | 74.5 ± 43.2 | 87.3 ± 57.2 | 74.0 ± 43.7 | 83.4 ± 45.7 | 64.6 ± 40.6 a | 78.7 ± 44.6 a | 65.8 ± 37.2 | 77.1 ± 45.1 |
| . | VAS of EQ-5D-5L . | . | Mobility . | . | Self-care . | . | Usual activities . | . | Pain/discomfort . | . | Anxiety/depression . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Better (N = 156) . | Lower (N = 171) . | Better (N = 279) . | Lower (N = 48) . | Better (N = 310) . | Lower (N = 17) . | Better (N = 287) . | Lower (N = 40) . | Better (N = 82) . | Lower (N = 245) . | Better (N = 57) . | Lower (N = 270) . |
| Age, years | 39.0 ± 8.6 | 39.4 ± 10.3 | 38.6 ± 8.9 a | 42.7 ± 12.1 a | 39.0 ± 9.2 | 43.4 ± 14.2 | 38.8 ± 9.1 | 42.2 ± 11.6 | 39.3 ± 9.6 | 39.2 ± 9.5 | 41.9 ± 10.0 a | 38.7 ± 9.3 a |
| Sex, male/female | 70/86 a | 56/115 a | 110/169 | 16/32 | 118/192 | 8/9 | 112/175 | 14/26 | 39/43 | 87/158 | 23/34 | 103/167 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.3 ± 9.1 | 26.0 ± 4.7 | 26.5 ± 7.2 | 27.2 ± 7.2 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 28.4 ± 9.3 | 26.6 ± 7.2 | 26.8 ± 7.2 | 27.0 ± 7.5 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 26.4 ± 6.6 | 26.7 ± 7.3 |
| GH at diagnosis, ng/mL | 16.6 (6.5, 35.0) | 19.0 (8.1, 43.0) | 16.0 (7.1, 39.0) | 34.3 (8.7, 47.3) | 17.0 (7.2, 40.0) | 34.0 (7.8, 48.0) | 16.0 (7.0, 38.5) | 34.5 (9.5, 45.8) | 12.4 (5.0, 23.0) | 20.0 (9.0, 43.0) | 12.4 (5.0, 23.0) | 19.5 (8.9, 40.0) |
| IGF-1 at diagnosis, ng/mL | 629.0 (426.5, 844.3) | 622.0 (399.0, 833.5) | 622.0 (416.0, 822.5) | 640.5 (412.0, 882.5) | 628.5 (404.5, 847.8) | 620.0 (510.0, 780.0) | 618.0 (402.0, 822.5) | 660.0 (459.5, 891.8) | 589.0 (379.0, 800.0) | 634.0 (428.0, 862.0) | 599.0 (376.0, 800.0) | 631.0 (421.3, 860.8) |
| IGF-1%ULN at diagnosis, % | 212.4 ± 105.2 | 209.5 ± 106.8 | 207.0 ± 101.7 | 233.8 ± 126.4 | 209.4 ± 104.8 | 238.9 ± 124.2 | 206.8 ± 103.9 | 239.9 ± 116.3 | 198.4 ± 102.0 | 215.1 ± 107.0 | 206.2 ± 105.3 | 211.9 ± 106.2 |
| Surgery, n/% | 124 / 79.5% | 141 / 82.5% | 223 / 79.9% | 42 / 87.5% | 252 / 81.3% | 13 / 76.5% | 231 / 80.5% | 34 / 85.0% | 59 / 72.0% a | 206 / 84.1% a | 44 / 77.2% | 221 / 81.9% |
| TES, n/% | 56 / 35.9% | 75 / 43.9% | 110 / 39.4% | 21 / 43.8% | 122 / 39.4% | 9 / 52.9% | 113 / 39.4% | 18 / 45.0% | 28 / 34.1% | 103 / 42.0% | 21 / 36.8% | 110 / 40.7% |
| TMS, n/% | 63 / 40.4% | 59 / 34.5% | 104 / 37.3% | 18 / 37.5% | 119 / 38.4% | 3 / 17.6% | 109 / 38.0% | 13 / 35.0% | 29 / 35.4% | 93 / 38.0% | 19 / 33.3% | 103 / 38.1% |
| Transcranial surgery, n/% | 5 / 3.2% | 7 / 4.1% | 9 / 3.2% | 3 / 6.3% | 11 / 3.5% | 1 / 5.9% | 9 / 3.1% | 3 / 7.5% | 2 / 2.4% | 10 / 4.1% | 4 / 7.0% | 8 / 3.0% |
| Medical treatment, n/% | 75 / 48.1% | 85 / 49.7% | 133 / 47.7% | 27 / 56.3% | 152 / 49.0% | 8 / 47.1% | 138 / 48.1% | 22 / 55.0% | 32 / 39.0% a | 128 / 52.2% a | 24 / 42.1% | 136 / 50.4% |
| Somatostatin analog, n/% | 63 / 40.4% | 76 / 44.4% | 118 / 42.3% | 21 / 43.8% | 133 / 42.9% | 6 / 35.3% | 123 / 42.8% | 16 / 40.0% | 27 / 32.9% a | 112 / 45.7% a | 21 / 36.8% | 118 / 43.7% |
| Dopamine agonist, n/% | 29 / 18.6% | 41/ 24.0% | 60 / 21.5% | 10 / 20.8% | 66 / 21.3% | 4 / 23.5% | 59 / 20.6% | 11 / 27.5% | 13 / 15.9% | 57 / 23.3% | 11 / 19.3% | 59 / 21.9% |
| Both above medication, n/% | 17 / 10.9% a | 32 / 18.7% a | 45 / 16.1% | 4 / 8.3% | 47 / 15.2% | 2 / 11.8% | 44 / 15.3% | 5 / 12.5% | 8 / 9.8% | 41 / 16.7% | 8 / 14.0% | 41 / 15.2% |
| Radiotherapy, n/% | 45 / 28.8% | 65 / 38.0% | 89 / 31.9% | 21 / 43.8% | 107 / 34.5% | 3 / 17.6% | 94 / 32.8% | 16 / 40.0% | 17 / 20.7% bd | 93 / 38.0% bd | 11 / 19.3% bd | 99 / 36.7% bd |
| Follow up period, years | 10.2 ± 6.2 | 9.9 ± 6.2 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 11.3 ± 8.3 | 9.9 ± 5.9 | 11.8 ± 10.6 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 11.4 ± 8.7 | 9.4 ± 6.0 | 10.2 ± 6.3 | 11.1 ± 6.3 | 9.8 ± 6.2 |
| Comorbidities at follow-up, n | 2 (1, 6) cde | 5 (2, 9) cde | 3 (1, 6) cde | 9 (6, 14) cde | 4 (1, 7) cde | 11 (7, 19) cde | 3 (1, 7) cde | 9 (5, 13) cde | 2 (1, 4) cde | 5 (2, 8) cde | 2 (1, 5) cde | 4 (2, 8) cde |
| Symptoms at follow-up, n | 5 (3, 8) cde | 8 (5, 11) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 11 (6, 14) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 12 (8, 16) cde | 6 (4, 9) cde | 11 (6, 13) cde | 4 (2, 5) cde | 7 (5, 11) cde | 4 (2, 5) cde | 7 (4, 10) cde |
| GH at follow-up, ng/mL | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.7) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.8, 2.8) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.9) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.0) b | 1.1 (0.5, 2.2) b | 0.5 (0.2, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.0) |
| IGF-1 at follow-up, ng/mL | 207.0 (139.8, 323.3) | 218.7 (141.0, 312.4) | 217.3 (141.0, 315.0) | 207.0 (133.3, 341.7) | 214.7 (140.2, 316.2) | 264.7 (169.3, 348.7) | 214.0 (137.7, 318.7) | 238.4 (160.4, 311.5) | 185.4 (126.7, 250.7) a | 233.3 (146.7, 332.0) a | 184.0 (138.7, 250.0) a | 229.7 (145.3, 328.7) a |
| IGF-1%ULN at follow-up, % | 74.2 ± 41.0 | 76.0 ± 46.7 | 73.8 ± 41.3 | 82.8 ± 57.1 | 74.5 ± 43.2 | 87.3 ± 57.2 | 74.0 ± 43.7 | 83.4 ± 45.7 | 64.6 ± 40.6 a | 78.7 ± 44.6 a | 65.8 ± 37.2 | 77.1 ± 45.1 |
Continuous variables are presented as means ± standard deviations if normally distributed or medians (25th and 75th quartile) if not normally distributed.
Abbreviations: GH, growth hormone; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; TES, transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery; TMS, transsphenoidal microscopic surgery; ULN, upper limit of the normal range.
a (P < 0.05), b (P < 0.01) and c (P < 0.001) indicate significant differences between patients with lower and better EQ-5D-5L scores after univariate analysis.
d Indicates statistically significant differences after being justified by the FDR algorithm, used to control the chance of generating false positives during multiple comparisons.
e Indicates the independent factors.
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