| Characteristic . | Phenoxybenzamine (n = 66) . | Doxazosin(n = 68) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 34 (51.5) | 36 (52.9) | >.99 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 54 ± 15 | 54 ± 15 | .87 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 25.6 (23.6–29.0) | 25.1 (22.4–29.1) | .49 |
| Smoking | .72 | ||
| Never, n (%) | 28 (42.4) | 32 (47.1) | |
| Previous, n (%) | 18 (27.3) | 19 (27.9) | |
| Current, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 17 (25.0) | |
| Prior cardiovascular event,an (%) | 17 (25.8) | 11 (16.7) | .29 |
| ASA class | .39 | ||
| I, n (%) | 11 (16.7) | 10 (14.7) | |
| II, n (%) | 34 (51.5) | 43 (63.2) | |
| III, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 15 (22.1) | |
| IV, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Germline mutation, n (%) | .75 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 17 (25.8) | 17 (25.0) | |
| No, n (%) | 37 (56.1) | 37 (54.4) | |
| Not assessed, n (%) | 12 (18.2) | 14 (20.6) | |
| Tumor localization, n (%) | .27 | ||
| Unilateral pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 59 (89.4) | 65 (95.6) | |
| Bilateral pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 5 (7.6) | 1 (1.5) | |
| Sympathetic paraganglioma, n (%) | 2 (3.0) | 2 (2.9) | |
| Maximum tumor diameter (mm), median (IQR) | 38 (28–51) | 42 (29–61) | .62 |
| Biochemical profile | |||
| Plasma-free metanephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.37 (0.29–5.64) | 1.04 (0.21–3.39) | .09 |
| Plasma-free normetanephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.33 (1.63–10.11) | 3.41 (1.52–8.44) | .69 |
| Plasma epinephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 0.48 (0.23–2.13) | 0.40 (0.19–1.41) | .26 |
| Plasma norepinephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.47 (2.91–11.91) | 4.87 (3.03–17.69) | .29 |
| Duration of pretreatment (days), median (IQR) | 14 (13–20) | 14 (13–19) | .86 |
| Medication on day before surgery | |||
| Daily dosage study drug (mg), median (IQR) | 120 (78–140) | 40 (32–48) | — |
| Patients receiving any CCB, median (IQR) | 28 (42.4) | 27 (39.7%) | .86 |
| Daily dosage nifedipine (mg),b median (IQR) | 60 (30–90) | 60 (30–90) | .76 |
| Patients receiving any β-blocker, median (IQR) | 59 (89.4) | 45 (66.2) | <.01 |
| Daily dosage metoprolol (mg),c median (IQR) | 100 (50–150) | 50 (50–100) | <.01 |
| Hemodynamic variables at randomization | |||
| Supine | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 144 (124–156) | 138 (122–152) | .44 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 82 (73–88) | 80 (72–87) | .38 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 76 (66–85) | 71 (63–78) | .02 |
| Upright | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 136 (122–151) | 138 (124–151) | .94 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 84 (78–94) | 85 (77–93) | .94 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 87 (73–98) | 82 (76–94) | .03 |
| Hemodynamic variables day before surgery, median (IQR) | |||
| Supine | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 132 (116–143) | 124 (115–138) | .07 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 74 (67–84) | 69 (63–80) | .02 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 73 (64–83) | 71 (65–80) | .62 |
| Upright | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 120 (107–133) | 120 (104–130) | .55 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 71 (65–81) | 71 (64–82) | .86 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 90 (83–106) | 86 (74–98) | .03 |
| Preoperative targets achieved, n (%) | <.01 | ||
| Supine BP <130/80 + upright SBP 90–110, n (%) | 16 (24.6) | 13 (19.7) | |
| Supine BP <130/80, n (%) | 13 (20.0) | 28 (42.4) | |
| Upright SBP 90–110, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 5 (7.6) | |
| None, n (%) | 35 (53.8) | 20 (30.3) | |
| Surgical approach | .69 | ||
| Laparoscopy, n (%) | 48 (72.7) | 44 (64.7) | |
| Laparotomy, n (%) | 9 (13.6) | 12 (17.6) | |
| Posterior retroperitoneoscopic, n (%) | 9 (13.6) | 12 (17.6) | |
| Type of anesthesia | .86 | ||
| Total intravenous, n (%) | 40 (60.6) | 43 (63.2) | |
| Balanced inhalation, n (%) | 26 (39.4) | 25 (36.8) | |
| Epidural anesthesia, n (%) | 7 (10.6) | 9 (13.6) | .79 |
| Anesthesia duration (min),d median (IQR) | 140 (112–164) | 145 (110–164) | .91 |
| Surgical duration (min),e median (IQR) | 95 (71–127) | 99 (72–120) | .76 |
| Characteristic . | Phenoxybenzamine (n = 66) . | Doxazosin(n = 68) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 34 (51.5) | 36 (52.9) | >.99 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 54 ± 15 | 54 ± 15 | .87 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 25.6 (23.6–29.0) | 25.1 (22.4–29.1) | .49 |
| Smoking | .72 | ||
| Never, n (%) | 28 (42.4) | 32 (47.1) | |
| Previous, n (%) | 18 (27.3) | 19 (27.9) | |
| Current, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 17 (25.0) | |
| Prior cardiovascular event,an (%) | 17 (25.8) | 11 (16.7) | .29 |
| ASA class | .39 | ||
| I, n (%) | 11 (16.7) | 10 (14.7) | |
| II, n (%) | 34 (51.5) | 43 (63.2) | |
| III, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 15 (22.1) | |
| IV, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Germline mutation, n (%) | .75 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 17 (25.8) | 17 (25.0) | |
| No, n (%) | 37 (56.1) | 37 (54.4) | |
| Not assessed, n (%) | 12 (18.2) | 14 (20.6) | |
| Tumor localization, n (%) | .27 | ||
| Unilateral pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 59 (89.4) | 65 (95.6) | |
| Bilateral pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 5 (7.6) | 1 (1.5) | |
| Sympathetic paraganglioma, n (%) | 2 (3.0) | 2 (2.9) | |
| Maximum tumor diameter (mm), median (IQR) | 38 (28–51) | 42 (29–61) | .62 |
| Biochemical profile | |||
| Plasma-free metanephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.37 (0.29–5.64) | 1.04 (0.21–3.39) | .09 |
| Plasma-free normetanephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.33 (1.63–10.11) | 3.41 (1.52–8.44) | .69 |
| Plasma epinephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 0.48 (0.23–2.13) | 0.40 (0.19–1.41) | .26 |
| Plasma norepinephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.47 (2.91–11.91) | 4.87 (3.03–17.69) | .29 |
| Duration of pretreatment (days), median (IQR) | 14 (13–20) | 14 (13–19) | .86 |
| Medication on day before surgery | |||
| Daily dosage study drug (mg), median (IQR) | 120 (78–140) | 40 (32–48) | — |
| Patients receiving any CCB, median (IQR) | 28 (42.4) | 27 (39.7%) | .86 |
| Daily dosage nifedipine (mg),b median (IQR) | 60 (30–90) | 60 (30–90) | .76 |
| Patients receiving any β-blocker, median (IQR) | 59 (89.4) | 45 (66.2) | <.01 |
| Daily dosage metoprolol (mg),c median (IQR) | 100 (50–150) | 50 (50–100) | <.01 |
| Hemodynamic variables at randomization | |||
| Supine | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 144 (124–156) | 138 (122–152) | .44 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 82 (73–88) | 80 (72–87) | .38 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 76 (66–85) | 71 (63–78) | .02 |
| Upright | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 136 (122–151) | 138 (124–151) | .94 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 84 (78–94) | 85 (77–93) | .94 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 87 (73–98) | 82 (76–94) | .03 |
| Hemodynamic variables day before surgery, median (IQR) | |||
| Supine | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 132 (116–143) | 124 (115–138) | .07 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 74 (67–84) | 69 (63–80) | .02 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 73 (64–83) | 71 (65–80) | .62 |
| Upright | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 120 (107–133) | 120 (104–130) | .55 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 71 (65–81) | 71 (64–82) | .86 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 90 (83–106) | 86 (74–98) | .03 |
| Preoperative targets achieved, n (%) | <.01 | ||
| Supine BP <130/80 + upright SBP 90–110, n (%) | 16 (24.6) | 13 (19.7) | |
| Supine BP <130/80, n (%) | 13 (20.0) | 28 (42.4) | |
| Upright SBP 90–110, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 5 (7.6) | |
| None, n (%) | 35 (53.8) | 20 (30.3) | |
| Surgical approach | .69 | ||
| Laparoscopy, n (%) | 48 (72.7) | 44 (64.7) | |
| Laparotomy, n (%) | 9 (13.6) | 12 (17.6) | |
| Posterior retroperitoneoscopic, n (%) | 9 (13.6) | 12 (17.6) | |
| Type of anesthesia | .86 | ||
| Total intravenous, n (%) | 40 (60.6) | 43 (63.2) | |
| Balanced inhalation, n (%) | 26 (39.4) | 25 (36.8) | |
| Epidural anesthesia, n (%) | 7 (10.6) | 9 (13.6) | .79 |
| Anesthesia duration (min),d median (IQR) | 140 (112–164) | 145 (110–164) | .91 |
| Surgical duration (min),e median (IQR) | 95 (71–127) | 99 (72–120) | .76 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
aHistory of coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or aortic aneurysm.
bNifedipine was prescribed in 87% of patients receiving any CCB. Median (IQR) shown of only these cases. In the remaining cases, amlodipine, barnidipine, or verapamil was prescribed.
cMetoprolol was prescribed in 88% of patients receiving any β-blocker. Median (IQR) shown of only these cases. In the remaining cases, propranolol, atenolol, or bisoprolol was prescribed.
dTime from induction of anesthesia until suturing of the incision.
eTime from incision until suturing of the incision.
| Characteristic . | Phenoxybenzamine (n = 66) . | Doxazosin(n = 68) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 34 (51.5) | 36 (52.9) | >.99 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 54 ± 15 | 54 ± 15 | .87 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 25.6 (23.6–29.0) | 25.1 (22.4–29.1) | .49 |
| Smoking | .72 | ||
| Never, n (%) | 28 (42.4) | 32 (47.1) | |
| Previous, n (%) | 18 (27.3) | 19 (27.9) | |
| Current, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 17 (25.0) | |
| Prior cardiovascular event,an (%) | 17 (25.8) | 11 (16.7) | .29 |
| ASA class | .39 | ||
| I, n (%) | 11 (16.7) | 10 (14.7) | |
| II, n (%) | 34 (51.5) | 43 (63.2) | |
| III, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 15 (22.1) | |
| IV, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Germline mutation, n (%) | .75 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 17 (25.8) | 17 (25.0) | |
| No, n (%) | 37 (56.1) | 37 (54.4) | |
| Not assessed, n (%) | 12 (18.2) | 14 (20.6) | |
| Tumor localization, n (%) | .27 | ||
| Unilateral pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 59 (89.4) | 65 (95.6) | |
| Bilateral pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 5 (7.6) | 1 (1.5) | |
| Sympathetic paraganglioma, n (%) | 2 (3.0) | 2 (2.9) | |
| Maximum tumor diameter (mm), median (IQR) | 38 (28–51) | 42 (29–61) | .62 |
| Biochemical profile | |||
| Plasma-free metanephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.37 (0.29–5.64) | 1.04 (0.21–3.39) | .09 |
| Plasma-free normetanephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.33 (1.63–10.11) | 3.41 (1.52–8.44) | .69 |
| Plasma epinephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 0.48 (0.23–2.13) | 0.40 (0.19–1.41) | .26 |
| Plasma norepinephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.47 (2.91–11.91) | 4.87 (3.03–17.69) | .29 |
| Duration of pretreatment (days), median (IQR) | 14 (13–20) | 14 (13–19) | .86 |
| Medication on day before surgery | |||
| Daily dosage study drug (mg), median (IQR) | 120 (78–140) | 40 (32–48) | — |
| Patients receiving any CCB, median (IQR) | 28 (42.4) | 27 (39.7%) | .86 |
| Daily dosage nifedipine (mg),b median (IQR) | 60 (30–90) | 60 (30–90) | .76 |
| Patients receiving any β-blocker, median (IQR) | 59 (89.4) | 45 (66.2) | <.01 |
| Daily dosage metoprolol (mg),c median (IQR) | 100 (50–150) | 50 (50–100) | <.01 |
| Hemodynamic variables at randomization | |||
| Supine | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 144 (124–156) | 138 (122–152) | .44 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 82 (73–88) | 80 (72–87) | .38 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 76 (66–85) | 71 (63–78) | .02 |
| Upright | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 136 (122–151) | 138 (124–151) | .94 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 84 (78–94) | 85 (77–93) | .94 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 87 (73–98) | 82 (76–94) | .03 |
| Hemodynamic variables day before surgery, median (IQR) | |||
| Supine | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 132 (116–143) | 124 (115–138) | .07 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 74 (67–84) | 69 (63–80) | .02 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 73 (64–83) | 71 (65–80) | .62 |
| Upright | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 120 (107–133) | 120 (104–130) | .55 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 71 (65–81) | 71 (64–82) | .86 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 90 (83–106) | 86 (74–98) | .03 |
| Preoperative targets achieved, n (%) | <.01 | ||
| Supine BP <130/80 + upright SBP 90–110, n (%) | 16 (24.6) | 13 (19.7) | |
| Supine BP <130/80, n (%) | 13 (20.0) | 28 (42.4) | |
| Upright SBP 90–110, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 5 (7.6) | |
| None, n (%) | 35 (53.8) | 20 (30.3) | |
| Surgical approach | .69 | ||
| Laparoscopy, n (%) | 48 (72.7) | 44 (64.7) | |
| Laparotomy, n (%) | 9 (13.6) | 12 (17.6) | |
| Posterior retroperitoneoscopic, n (%) | 9 (13.6) | 12 (17.6) | |
| Type of anesthesia | .86 | ||
| Total intravenous, n (%) | 40 (60.6) | 43 (63.2) | |
| Balanced inhalation, n (%) | 26 (39.4) | 25 (36.8) | |
| Epidural anesthesia, n (%) | 7 (10.6) | 9 (13.6) | .79 |
| Anesthesia duration (min),d median (IQR) | 140 (112–164) | 145 (110–164) | .91 |
| Surgical duration (min),e median (IQR) | 95 (71–127) | 99 (72–120) | .76 |
| Characteristic . | Phenoxybenzamine (n = 66) . | Doxazosin(n = 68) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 34 (51.5) | 36 (52.9) | >.99 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 54 ± 15 | 54 ± 15 | .87 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 25.6 (23.6–29.0) | 25.1 (22.4–29.1) | .49 |
| Smoking | .72 | ||
| Never, n (%) | 28 (42.4) | 32 (47.1) | |
| Previous, n (%) | 18 (27.3) | 19 (27.9) | |
| Current, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 17 (25.0) | |
| Prior cardiovascular event,an (%) | 17 (25.8) | 11 (16.7) | .29 |
| ASA class | .39 | ||
| I, n (%) | 11 (16.7) | 10 (14.7) | |
| II, n (%) | 34 (51.5) | 43 (63.2) | |
| III, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 15 (22.1) | |
| IV, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Germline mutation, n (%) | .75 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 17 (25.8) | 17 (25.0) | |
| No, n (%) | 37 (56.1) | 37 (54.4) | |
| Not assessed, n (%) | 12 (18.2) | 14 (20.6) | |
| Tumor localization, n (%) | .27 | ||
| Unilateral pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 59 (89.4) | 65 (95.6) | |
| Bilateral pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 5 (7.6) | 1 (1.5) | |
| Sympathetic paraganglioma, n (%) | 2 (3.0) | 2 (2.9) | |
| Maximum tumor diameter (mm), median (IQR) | 38 (28–51) | 42 (29–61) | .62 |
| Biochemical profile | |||
| Plasma-free metanephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.37 (0.29–5.64) | 1.04 (0.21–3.39) | .09 |
| Plasma-free normetanephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.33 (1.63–10.11) | 3.41 (1.52–8.44) | .69 |
| Plasma epinephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 0.48 (0.23–2.13) | 0.40 (0.19–1.41) | .26 |
| Plasma norepinephrine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.47 (2.91–11.91) | 4.87 (3.03–17.69) | .29 |
| Duration of pretreatment (days), median (IQR) | 14 (13–20) | 14 (13–19) | .86 |
| Medication on day before surgery | |||
| Daily dosage study drug (mg), median (IQR) | 120 (78–140) | 40 (32–48) | — |
| Patients receiving any CCB, median (IQR) | 28 (42.4) | 27 (39.7%) | .86 |
| Daily dosage nifedipine (mg),b median (IQR) | 60 (30–90) | 60 (30–90) | .76 |
| Patients receiving any β-blocker, median (IQR) | 59 (89.4) | 45 (66.2) | <.01 |
| Daily dosage metoprolol (mg),c median (IQR) | 100 (50–150) | 50 (50–100) | <.01 |
| Hemodynamic variables at randomization | |||
| Supine | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 144 (124–156) | 138 (122–152) | .44 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 82 (73–88) | 80 (72–87) | .38 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 76 (66–85) | 71 (63–78) | .02 |
| Upright | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 136 (122–151) | 138 (124–151) | .94 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 84 (78–94) | 85 (77–93) | .94 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 87 (73–98) | 82 (76–94) | .03 |
| Hemodynamic variables day before surgery, median (IQR) | |||
| Supine | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 132 (116–143) | 124 (115–138) | .07 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 74 (67–84) | 69 (63–80) | .02 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 73 (64–83) | 71 (65–80) | .62 |
| Upright | |||
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 120 (107–133) | 120 (104–130) | .55 |
| DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 71 (65–81) | 71 (64–82) | .86 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 90 (83–106) | 86 (74–98) | .03 |
| Preoperative targets achieved, n (%) | <.01 | ||
| Supine BP <130/80 + upright SBP 90–110, n (%) | 16 (24.6) | 13 (19.7) | |
| Supine BP <130/80, n (%) | 13 (20.0) | 28 (42.4) | |
| Upright SBP 90–110, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 5 (7.6) | |
| None, n (%) | 35 (53.8) | 20 (30.3) | |
| Surgical approach | .69 | ||
| Laparoscopy, n (%) | 48 (72.7) | 44 (64.7) | |
| Laparotomy, n (%) | 9 (13.6) | 12 (17.6) | |
| Posterior retroperitoneoscopic, n (%) | 9 (13.6) | 12 (17.6) | |
| Type of anesthesia | .86 | ||
| Total intravenous, n (%) | 40 (60.6) | 43 (63.2) | |
| Balanced inhalation, n (%) | 26 (39.4) | 25 (36.8) | |
| Epidural anesthesia, n (%) | 7 (10.6) | 9 (13.6) | .79 |
| Anesthesia duration (min),d median (IQR) | 140 (112–164) | 145 (110–164) | .91 |
| Surgical duration (min),e median (IQR) | 95 (71–127) | 99 (72–120) | .76 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
aHistory of coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or aortic aneurysm.
bNifedipine was prescribed in 87% of patients receiving any CCB. Median (IQR) shown of only these cases. In the remaining cases, amlodipine, barnidipine, or verapamil was prescribed.
cMetoprolol was prescribed in 88% of patients receiving any β-blocker. Median (IQR) shown of only these cases. In the remaining cases, propranolol, atenolol, or bisoprolol was prescribed.
dTime from induction of anesthesia until suturing of the incision.
eTime from incision until suturing of the incision.
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