Table 2. Open in new tab Risk of...

					Multivariable-adjusted RR (95% CI)
Fasting glucose, mmol/L
< 5.0	1592	282	17.7	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
5.0-5.5	1154	212	18.4	1.03 (0.88-1.22)	0.97 (0.83-1.14)	0.92 (0.79-1.08)
5.6-6.0	325	52	16.0	0.90 (0.69-1.18)	0.83 (0.63-1.09)	0.81 (0.62-1.06)
6.1-6.9	138	27	19.6	1.10 (0.77-1.57)	0.93 (0.65-1.34)	0.82 (0.58-1.17)
P for trend				.979	.282	.076
Per 1-SD increment				1.02 (0.94-1.10)	0.97 (0.89-1.05)	0.93 (0.86-1.01)
2-h glucose, mmol/L
< 6.0	1344	178	13.2	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
6.0-7.7	1231	247	20.1	1.52 (1.28-1.82)	1.41 (1.18-1.69)	1.27 (1.07-1.52)
7.8-8.9	372	85	22.9	1.75 (1.39-2.22)	1.62 (1.28-2.05)	1.46 (1.16-1.83)
9.0-11.0	258	62	24.0	1.85 (1.43-2.40)	1.64 (1.27-2.13)	1.46 (1.13-1.88)
P for trend				< .001	< .001	< .001
Per 1-SD increment				1.27 (1.18-1.37)	1.22 (1.13-1.31)	1.16 (1.08-1.25)
HbA_1c, %
< 5.4	868	132	15.2	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
5.4-5.6	1149	196	17.1	1.12 (0.92-1.38)	1.13 (0.93-1.39)	1.07 (0.88-1.30)
5.7-6.0	974	198	20.3	1.34 (1.09-1.64)	1.33 (1.08-1.63)	1.16 (0.95-1.41)
6.1-6.4	213	46	21.6	1.42 (1.05-1.93)	1.49 (1.10-2.03)	1.28 (0.94-1.75)
P for trend				.001	.001	.063
Per 1-SD increment				1.14 (1.05-1.23)	1.14 (1.05-1.24)	1.08 (0.99-1.17)

Multivariable-adjusted RR (95% CI)

Variable

No.

No. of Cases

Incidence Rate, %

Age- and Sex-Adjusted RR (95% CI)

Model 1

Model 2

Fasting glucose, mmol/L

< 5.0

1592

282

17.7

(Reference)

5.0-5.5

1154

212

18.4

1.03 (0.88-1.22)

0.97 (0.83-1.14)

0.92 (0.79-1.08)

5.6-6.0

325

16.0

0.90 (0.69-1.18)

0.83 (0.63-1.09)

0.81 (0.62-1.06)

6.1-6.9

138

19.6

1.10 (0.77-1.57)

0.93 (0.65-1.34)

0.82 (0.58-1.17)

P for trend

.979

.282

.076

Per 1-SD increment

1.02 (0.94-1.10)

0.97 (0.89-1.05)

0.93 (0.86-1.01)

2-h glucose, mmol/L

< 6.0

1344

178

13.2

(Reference)

6.0-7.7

1231

247

20.1

1.52 (1.28-1.82)

1.41 (1.18-1.69)

1.27 (1.07-1.52)

7.8-8.9

372

22.9

1.75 (1.39-2.22)

1.62 (1.28-2.05)

1.46 (1.16-1.83)

9.0-11.0

258

24.0

1.85 (1.43-2.40)

1.64 (1.27-2.13)

1.46 (1.13-1.88)

P for trend

< .001

Per 1-SD increment

1.27 (1.18-1.37)

1.22 (1.13-1.31)

1.16 (1.08-1.25)

HbA_1c, %

< 5.4

868

132

15.2

(Reference)

5.4-5.6

1149

196

17.1

1.12 (0.92-1.38)

1.13 (0.93-1.39)

1.07 (0.88-1.30)

5.7-6.0

974

198

20.3

1.34 (1.09-1.64)

1.33 (1.08-1.63)

1.16 (0.95-1.41)

6.1-6.4

213

21.6

1.42 (1.05-1.93)

1.49 (1.10-2.03)

1.28 (0.94-1.75)

P for trend

.001

.063

Per 1-SD increment

1.14 (1.05-1.23)

1.14 (1.05-1.24)

1.08 (0.99-1.17)

					Multivariable-adjusted RR (95% CI)
Fasting glucose, mmol/L
< 5.0	1592	282	17.7	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
5.0-5.5	1154	212	18.4	1.03 (0.88-1.22)	0.97 (0.83-1.14)	0.92 (0.79-1.08)
5.6-6.0	325	52	16.0	0.90 (0.69-1.18)	0.83 (0.63-1.09)	0.81 (0.62-1.06)
6.1-6.9	138	27	19.6	1.10 (0.77-1.57)	0.93 (0.65-1.34)	0.82 (0.58-1.17)
P for trend				.979	.282	.076
Per 1-SD increment				1.02 (0.94-1.10)	0.97 (0.89-1.05)	0.93 (0.86-1.01)
2-h glucose, mmol/L
< 6.0	1344	178	13.2	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
6.0-7.7	1231	247	20.1	1.52 (1.28-1.82)	1.41 (1.18-1.69)	1.27 (1.07-1.52)
7.8-8.9	372	85	22.9	1.75 (1.39-2.22)	1.62 (1.28-2.05)	1.46 (1.16-1.83)
9.0-11.0	258	62	24.0	1.85 (1.43-2.40)	1.64 (1.27-2.13)	1.46 (1.13-1.88)
P for trend				< .001	< .001	< .001
Per 1-SD increment				1.27 (1.18-1.37)	1.22 (1.13-1.31)	1.16 (1.08-1.25)
HbA_1c, %
< 5.4	868	132	15.2	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
5.4-5.6	1149	196	17.1	1.12 (0.92-1.38)	1.13 (0.93-1.39)	1.07 (0.88-1.30)
5.7-6.0	974	198	20.3	1.34 (1.09-1.64)	1.33 (1.08-1.63)	1.16 (0.95-1.41)
6.1-6.4	213	46	21.6	1.42 (1.05-1.93)	1.49 (1.10-2.03)	1.28 (0.94-1.75)
P for trend				.001	.001	.063
Per 1-SD increment				1.14 (1.05-1.23)	1.14 (1.05-1.24)	1.08 (0.99-1.17)

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Risk of incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease according to baseline levels of glycemic measures

					Multivariable-adjusted RR (95% CI)
Variable	No.	No. of Cases	Incidence Rate, %	Age- and Sex-Adjusted RR (95% CI)	Model 1	Model 2
Fasting glucose, mmol/L
< 5.0	1592	282	17.7	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
5.0-5.5	1154	212	18.4	1.03 (0.88-1.22)	0.97 (0.83-1.14)	0.92 (0.79-1.08)
5.6-6.0	325	52	16.0	0.90 (0.69-1.18)	0.83 (0.63-1.09)	0.81 (0.62-1.06)
6.1-6.9	138	27	19.6	1.10 (0.77-1.57)	0.93 (0.65-1.34)	0.82 (0.58-1.17)
P for trend				.979	.282	.076
Per 1-SD increment				1.02 (0.94-1.10)	0.97 (0.89-1.05)	0.93 (0.86-1.01)
2-h glucose, mmol/L
< 6.0	1344	178	13.2	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
6.0-7.7	1231	247	20.1	1.52 (1.28-1.82)	1.41 (1.18-1.69)	1.27 (1.07-1.52)
7.8-8.9	372	85	22.9	1.75 (1.39-2.22)	1.62 (1.28-2.05)	1.46 (1.16-1.83)
9.0-11.0	258	62	24.0	1.85 (1.43-2.40)	1.64 (1.27-2.13)	1.46 (1.13-1.88)
P for trend				< .001	< .001	< .001
Per 1-SD increment				1.27 (1.18-1.37)	1.22 (1.13-1.31)	1.16 (1.08-1.25)
HbA_1c, %
< 5.4	868	132	15.2	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
5.4-5.6	1149	196	17.1	1.12 (0.92-1.38)	1.13 (0.93-1.39)	1.07 (0.88-1.30)
5.7-6.0	974	198	20.3	1.34 (1.09-1.64)	1.33 (1.08-1.63)	1.16 (0.95-1.41)
6.1-6.4	213	46	21.6	1.42 (1.05-1.93)	1.49 (1.10-2.03)	1.28 (0.94-1.75)
P for trend				.001	.001	.063
Per 1-SD increment				1.14 (1.05-1.23)	1.14 (1.05-1.24)	1.08 (0.99-1.17)

					Multivariable-adjusted RR (95% CI)
Variable	No.	No. of Cases	Incidence Rate, %	Age- and Sex-Adjusted RR (95% CI)	Model 1	Model 2
Fasting glucose, mmol/L
< 5.0	1592	282	17.7	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
5.0-5.5	1154	212	18.4	1.03 (0.88-1.22)	0.97 (0.83-1.14)	0.92 (0.79-1.08)
5.6-6.0	325	52	16.0	0.90 (0.69-1.18)	0.83 (0.63-1.09)	0.81 (0.62-1.06)
6.1-6.9	138	27	19.6	1.10 (0.77-1.57)	0.93 (0.65-1.34)	0.82 (0.58-1.17)
P for trend				.979	.282	.076
Per 1-SD increment				1.02 (0.94-1.10)	0.97 (0.89-1.05)	0.93 (0.86-1.01)
2-h glucose, mmol/L
< 6.0	1344	178	13.2	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
6.0-7.7	1231	247	20.1	1.52 (1.28-1.82)	1.41 (1.18-1.69)	1.27 (1.07-1.52)
7.8-8.9	372	85	22.9	1.75 (1.39-2.22)	1.62 (1.28-2.05)	1.46 (1.16-1.83)
9.0-11.0	258	62	24.0	1.85 (1.43-2.40)	1.64 (1.27-2.13)	1.46 (1.13-1.88)
P for trend				< .001	< .001	< .001
Per 1-SD increment				1.27 (1.18-1.37)	1.22 (1.13-1.31)	1.16 (1.08-1.25)
HbA_1c, %
< 5.4	868	132	15.2	(Reference)	(Reference)	(Reference)
5.4-5.6	1149	196	17.1	1.12 (0.92-1.38)	1.13 (0.93-1.39)	1.07 (0.88-1.30)
5.7-6.0	974	198	20.3	1.34 (1.09-1.64)	1.33 (1.08-1.63)	1.16 (0.95-1.41)
6.1-6.4	213	46	21.6	1.42 (1.05-1.93)	1.49 (1.10-2.03)	1.28 (0.94-1.75)
P for trend				.001	.001	.063
Per 1-SD increment				1.14 (1.05-1.23)	1.14 (1.05-1.24)	1.08 (0.99-1.17)

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, education level, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical exercise, family history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hemoglobin (HbA_1c only); model 2: model 1 further adjusted for BMI and insulin.

Missing data: 4 for 2-h glucose and 5 for HbA_1c.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HbA_1c, hemoglobin A_1c; RR, risk ratio.

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