Table 3. Open in new tab Observational...

(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)
09.25	October 20	2/21:57	3.04	40.78	308.91	7	7.65		−14.46	105	105.99		A
	October 21	2/21:54	4.04	42.54	307.38	7	6.11		−11.68	105	103.17		B
	October 22	2/21:56	5.04	9.49	306.22	7	4.92	2.08	−9.68	105	100.94	4.06	C
09.26	October 22	1/19:34	4.94	9.49	306.32	4	5.03		−9.68	101	101.14		\|$\bigcirc{1}$\|
	October 23	1/19:33	5.94	11.16	305.39	4	4.09	−0.09	−7.89	101	99.32	1.68	\|$\bigcirc{2}$\|
09.27	October 24	1/19:32	6.94	12.64	304.65	3	3.33	−0.33	−6.42	98	97.83	0.17
09.28	October 25	1/19:31	7.94	13.98	304.04	2	2.72	−0.72	−5.20	96	96.59	−0.59
09.30	October 27	1/19:29	9.94	16.36	303.13	1	1.79	−0.79	−3.28	95	94.65	0.35
10.01	October 28	1/19:28	10.94	17.44	302.78	1	1.44	−0.44	−2.52	94	93.87	0.13
10.02	October 29	1/19:26	11.93	18.22	302.49	1	1.14	−0.14	−1.85	93	93.19	−0.19
10.03	October 30	1/19:26	12.93	19.45	302.24	1	0.89	0.11	−1.25	92.5	92.59	−0.09
10.04	October 31	1/19:25	13.93	20.40	302.03	1	0.68	0.32	−0.73	92	92.05	−0.05
10.05	November 01	1/19:24	14.93	21.32	301.85	1	0.49	0.51	−0.25	91.5	91.55	−0.05
		Statistics for full data	〈e_A〉 = +0.05			\|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =+0.5$\|
	\|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.8$\|			\|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 1.4$\|
Statistics for records except for the records of 09.25 and 09.26	〈e_A〉 ≃ −0.2			\|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =-0.04$\|
	\|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.5$\|			\|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 0.3$\|

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

Record

Obs.

T_JD

H.A.

L.A.

Error

Dec

P.A.

Error

dates

times

α_E

A_obs

A_cal

e_A

δ_E

Δ_obs

Δ_cal

|$e_\Delta$|

(lunar)

(Greg.)

geng/hh:mm

(d)

(°)

(du)

(°)

(du)

09.25

October 20

2/21:57

3.04

40.78

308.91

7.65

−14.46

105

105.99

October 21

2/21:54

4.04

42.54

307.38

6.11

−11.68

105

103.17

October 22

2/21:56

5.04

9.49

306.22

4.92

2.08

−9.68

105

100.94

4.06

09.26

October 22

1/19:34

4.94

9.49

306.32

5.03

−9.68

101

101.14

|$\bigcirc{1}$|

October 23

1/19:33

5.94

11.16

305.39

4.09

−0.09

−7.89

101

99.32

1.68

|$\bigcirc{2}$|

09.27

October 24

1/19:32

6.94

12.64

304.65

3.33

−0.33

−6.42

97.83

0.17

09.28

October 25

1/19:31

7.94

13.98

304.04

2.72

−0.72

−5.20

96.59

−0.59

09.30

October 27

1/19:29

9.94

16.36

303.13

1.79

−0.79

−3.28

94.65

0.35

10.01

October 28

1/19:28

10.94

17.44

302.78

1.44

−0.44

−2.52

93.87

0.13

10.02

October 29

1/19:26

11.93

18.22

302.49

1.14

−0.14

−1.85

93.19

−0.19

10.03

October 30

1/19:26

12.93

19.45

302.24

0.89

0.11

−1.25

92.5

92.59

−0.09

10.04

October 31

1/19:25

13.93

20.40

302.03

0.68

0.32

−0.73

92.05

−0.05

10.05

November 01

1/19:24

14.93

21.32

301.85

0.49

0.51

−0.25

91.5

91.55

−0.05

Statistics for full data

〈e_A〉 = +0.05

|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =+0.5$|

|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.8$|

|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 1.4$|

Statistics for records except for the records of 09.25 and 09.26

〈e_A〉 ≃ −0.2

|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =-0.04$|

|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.5$|

|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 0.3$|

(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)
09.25	October 20	2/21:57	3.04	40.78	308.91	7	7.65		−14.46	105	105.99		A
	October 21	2/21:54	4.04	42.54	307.38	7	6.11		−11.68	105	103.17		B
	October 22	2/21:56	5.04	9.49	306.22	7	4.92	2.08	−9.68	105	100.94	4.06	C
09.26	October 22	1/19:34	4.94	9.49	306.32	4	5.03		−9.68	101	101.14		\|$\bigcirc{1}$\|
	October 23	1/19:33	5.94	11.16	305.39	4	4.09	−0.09	−7.89	101	99.32	1.68	\|$\bigcirc{2}$\|
09.27	October 24	1/19:32	6.94	12.64	304.65	3	3.33	−0.33	−6.42	98	97.83	0.17
09.28	October 25	1/19:31	7.94	13.98	304.04	2	2.72	−0.72	−5.20	96	96.59	−0.59
09.30	October 27	1/19:29	9.94	16.36	303.13	1	1.79	−0.79	−3.28	95	94.65	0.35
10.01	October 28	1/19:28	10.94	17.44	302.78	1	1.44	−0.44	−2.52	94	93.87	0.13
10.02	October 29	1/19:26	11.93	18.22	302.49	1	1.14	−0.14	−1.85	93	93.19	−0.19
10.03	October 30	1/19:26	12.93	19.45	302.24	1	0.89	0.11	−1.25	92.5	92.59	−0.09
10.04	October 31	1/19:25	13.93	20.40	302.03	1	0.68	0.32	−0.73	92	92.05	−0.05
10.05	November 01	1/19:24	14.93	21.32	301.85	1	0.49	0.51	−0.25	91.5	91.55	−0.05
		Statistics for full data	〈e_A〉 = +0.05			\|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =+0.5$\|
	\|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.8$\|			\|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 1.4$\|
Statistics for records except for the records of 09.25 and 09.26	〈e_A〉 ≃ −0.2			\|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =-0.04$\|
	\|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.5$\|			\|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 0.3$\|

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Observational data for C/1723 T1 made by the court astronomers of the Joseon dynasty.*

(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)
Record	Obs.	Obs.	T_JD	H.A.	RA	L.A.	L.A.	Error	Dec	P.A.	P.A.	Error
dates	dates	times		h	α_E	A_obs	A_cal	e_A	δ_E	Δ_obs	Δ_cal	\|$e_\Delta$\|
(lunar)	(Greg.)	geng/hh:mm	(d)	(°)	(°)	(du)	(du)	(du)	(°)	(du)	(du)	(du)
09.25	October 20	2/21:57	3.04	40.78	308.91	7	7.65		−14.46	105	105.99		A
	October 21	2/21:54	4.04	42.54	307.38	7	6.11		−11.68	105	103.17		B
	October 22	2/21:56	5.04	9.49	306.22	7	4.92	2.08	−9.68	105	100.94	4.06	C
09.26	October 22	1/19:34	4.94	9.49	306.32	4	5.03		−9.68	101	101.14		\|$\bigcirc{1}$\|
	October 23	1/19:33	5.94	11.16	305.39	4	4.09	−0.09	−7.89	101	99.32	1.68	\|$\bigcirc{2}$\|
09.27	October 24	1/19:32	6.94	12.64	304.65	3	3.33	−0.33	−6.42	98	97.83	0.17
09.28	October 25	1/19:31	7.94	13.98	304.04	2	2.72	−0.72	−5.20	96	96.59	−0.59
09.30	October 27	1/19:29	9.94	16.36	303.13	1	1.79	−0.79	−3.28	95	94.65	0.35
10.01	October 28	1/19:28	10.94	17.44	302.78	1	1.44	−0.44	−2.52	94	93.87	0.13
10.02	October 29	1/19:26	11.93	18.22	302.49	1	1.14	−0.14	−1.85	93	93.19	−0.19
10.03	October 30	1/19:26	12.93	19.45	302.24	1	0.89	0.11	−1.25	92.5	92.59	−0.09
10.04	October 31	1/19:25	13.93	20.40	302.03	1	0.68	0.32	−0.73	92	92.05	−0.05
10.05	November 01	1/19:24	14.93	21.32	301.85	1	0.49	0.51	−0.25	91.5	91.55	−0.05
		Statistics for full data					〈e_A〉 = +0.05				\|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =+0.5$\|
							\|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.8$\|				\|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 1.4$\|
Statistics for records except for the records of 09.25 and 09.26							〈e_A〉 ≃ −0.2				\|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =-0.04$\|
							\|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.5$\|				\|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 0.3$\|

(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)
Record	Obs.	Obs.	T_JD	H.A.	RA	L.A.	L.A.	Error	Dec	P.A.	P.A.	Error
dates	dates	times		h	α_E	A_obs	A_cal	e_A	δ_E	Δ_obs	Δ_cal	\|$e_\Delta$\|
(lunar)	(Greg.)	geng/hh:mm	(d)	(°)	(°)	(du)	(du)	(du)	(°)	(du)	(du)	(du)
09.25	October 20	2/21:57	3.04	40.78	308.91	7	7.65		−14.46	105	105.99		A
	October 21	2/21:54	4.04	42.54	307.38	7	6.11		−11.68	105	103.17		B
	October 22	2/21:56	5.04	9.49	306.22	7	4.92	2.08	−9.68	105	100.94	4.06	C
09.26	October 22	1/19:34	4.94	9.49	306.32	4	5.03		−9.68	101	101.14		\|$\bigcirc{1}$\|
	October 23	1/19:33	5.94	11.16	305.39	4	4.09	−0.09	−7.89	101	99.32	1.68	\|$\bigcirc{2}$\|
09.27	October 24	1/19:32	6.94	12.64	304.65	3	3.33	−0.33	−6.42	98	97.83	0.17
09.28	October 25	1/19:31	7.94	13.98	304.04	2	2.72	−0.72	−5.20	96	96.59	−0.59
09.30	October 27	1/19:29	9.94	16.36	303.13	1	1.79	−0.79	−3.28	95	94.65	0.35
10.01	October 28	1/19:28	10.94	17.44	302.78	1	1.44	−0.44	−2.52	94	93.87	0.13
10.02	October 29	1/19:26	11.93	18.22	302.49	1	1.14	−0.14	−1.85	93	93.19	−0.19
10.03	October 30	1/19:26	12.93	19.45	302.24	1	0.89	0.11	−1.25	92.5	92.59	−0.09
10.04	October 31	1/19:25	13.93	20.40	302.03	1	0.68	0.32	−0.73	92	92.05	−0.05
10.05	November 01	1/19:24	14.93	21.32	301.85	1	0.49	0.51	−0.25	91.5	91.55	−0.05
		Statistics for full data					〈e_A〉 = +0.05				\|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =+0.5$\|
							\|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.8$\|				\|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 1.4$\|
Statistics for records except for the records of 09.25 and 09.26							〈e_A〉 ≃ −0.2				\|$\langle {e_\Delta }\rangle =-0.04$\|
							\|$\langle {S_{e_{\rm A}}}\rangle \simeq 0.5$\|				\|$\langle {S_{e_\Delta }}\rangle \simeq 0.3$\|

The dates in the lunar calendar are given in the first column. For example, 09.21 means the 21st day of the 9th month (of the 3rd reign year of King Gyeongjong, or 1723). The second column represents the dates of observations in the Gregorian calendar. The third column represents the observing times, where the first numbers are the times in watches or geng, and the final numbers are the mid-watch times. The fourth column represents the dates and times, T_JD, in Julian days of J1723.0 counted after JD =2350662. The fifth column is the hour angle of the comet at the observing time. The sixth, seventh, and eighth columns represent the right ascensions, the observed lodge angles, and the ephemeris lodge angles of the comet, respectively. The lodge angles are referenced to the lunar lodge of Niu or Quanniu (β Cap), whose right ascension was |$\alpha _0={301.36\circ }$| during this period. The ninth column represents the errors in the lodge angles |$e_{\rm A}=A_{\rm obs}-A_{\rm cal}$|⁠. The 10th, 11th, and 12th columns represent the ephemeris declinations, the observed polar angles, and the ephemeris polar angles of the comet, respectively. The 13th column represents the errors in the polar angles |$e_\Delta=\Delta_{\rm obs}-\Delta_{\rm cal}$|⁠. We do not show the observational data that do not have measurements.

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