Characteristics of participants by tertiles of glucose CV among patients with type 2 diabetes
| Characteristics . | Total . | Glucose CV . | . | . | P for trend . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |||
| Participants, n | 6090 | 2017 | 2060 | 2013 | / |
| Person-years | 43108.9 | 14391.6 | 14438.8 | 14278.5 | / |
| Age, years | 61.7 ± 11.9 | 60.8 ± 12.5 | 61.3 ± 11.6 | 62.9 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 3326 (54.6) | 1044 (51.8) | 1170 (56.8) | 1112 (55.2) | 0.026 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 10 (4-15) | 8 (3-13) | 10 (4-14) | 10 (4-15) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.9 ± 16.9 | 133.1 ± 17.1 | 132.5 ± 16.6 | 133.0 ± 17.0 | 0.856 |
| DBP, mmHg | 79.7 ± 9.5 | 80.1 ± 9.8 | 79.6 ± 9.2 | 79.5 ± 9.3 | 0.057 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 0.225 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 1.5 (1.1-2.2) | 1.4 (1.0-2.1) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| LDL choleterol, mmol/L | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.613 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.9 ± 2.2 | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
| History of CVD, n (%) | 1299 (21.3) | 430 (21.3) | 418 (20.3) | 451 (22.4) | 0.401 |
| History of cancer, n (%) | 279 (4.6) | 80 (4.0) | 106 (5.1) | 93 (4.6) | 0.321 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1441 (23.7) | 446 (22.1) | 529 (25.7) | 466 (23.1) | 0.438 |
| CGM parameter | |||||
| Glucose CV, % | 25.8 ± 8.4 | 17.0 ± 3.2 | 25.1 ± 2.1 | 35.2 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
| TBR<54, % | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.9) | <0.001 |
| TBR<70, % | 0.0 (0.0-1.2) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.5) | 1.2 (0.0-5.2) | <0.001 |
| TAR>140, % | 62.9 (41.8-81.9) | 72.9 (37.7-93.4) | 64.4 (43.6-81.6) | 57.3 (42.7-70.9) | <0.001 |
| TAR>180 % | 29.5 (13.4-50.7) | 22.6 (4.9-57.3) | 28.8 (14.1-49.0) | 33.0 (20.3-47.9) | <0.001 |
| TAR>250, % | 4.0 (0.0-13.0) | 0.0 (0.0-5.8) | 3.3 (0.0-10.8) | 9.2 (3.6-18.5) | <0.001 |
| TIR, % | 64.5 ± 24.6 | 66.6 ± 31.2 | 65.5 ± 23.1 | 61.3 ± 17.1 | <0.001 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 4303 (70.7) | 1534 (76.1) | 1472 (71.5) | 1297 (64.4) | <0.001 |
| Insulin | 4072 (66.9) | 1080 (53.5) | 1378 (66.9) | 1614 (80.2) | <0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive drugs | 3308 (54.3) | 1145 (56.8) | 1102 (53.5) | 1061 (52.7) | 0.010 |
| Aspirin | 2870 (47.1) | 909 (45.1) | 982 (47.7) | 979 (48.6) | 0.023 |
| Statins | 2349 (38.6) | 773 (38.3) | 795 (38.6) | 781 (38.8) | 0.757 |
| Characteristics . | Total . | Glucose CV . | . | . | P for trend . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |||
| Participants, n | 6090 | 2017 | 2060 | 2013 | / |
| Person-years | 43108.9 | 14391.6 | 14438.8 | 14278.5 | / |
| Age, years | 61.7 ± 11.9 | 60.8 ± 12.5 | 61.3 ± 11.6 | 62.9 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 3326 (54.6) | 1044 (51.8) | 1170 (56.8) | 1112 (55.2) | 0.026 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 10 (4-15) | 8 (3-13) | 10 (4-14) | 10 (4-15) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.9 ± 16.9 | 133.1 ± 17.1 | 132.5 ± 16.6 | 133.0 ± 17.0 | 0.856 |
| DBP, mmHg | 79.7 ± 9.5 | 80.1 ± 9.8 | 79.6 ± 9.2 | 79.5 ± 9.3 | 0.057 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 0.225 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 1.5 (1.1-2.2) | 1.4 (1.0-2.1) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| LDL choleterol, mmol/L | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.613 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.9 ± 2.2 | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
| History of CVD, n (%) | 1299 (21.3) | 430 (21.3) | 418 (20.3) | 451 (22.4) | 0.401 |
| History of cancer, n (%) | 279 (4.6) | 80 (4.0) | 106 (5.1) | 93 (4.6) | 0.321 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1441 (23.7) | 446 (22.1) | 529 (25.7) | 466 (23.1) | 0.438 |
| CGM parameter | |||||
| Glucose CV, % | 25.8 ± 8.4 | 17.0 ± 3.2 | 25.1 ± 2.1 | 35.2 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
| TBR<54, % | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.9) | <0.001 |
| TBR<70, % | 0.0 (0.0-1.2) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.5) | 1.2 (0.0-5.2) | <0.001 |
| TAR>140, % | 62.9 (41.8-81.9) | 72.9 (37.7-93.4) | 64.4 (43.6-81.6) | 57.3 (42.7-70.9) | <0.001 |
| TAR>180 % | 29.5 (13.4-50.7) | 22.6 (4.9-57.3) | 28.8 (14.1-49.0) | 33.0 (20.3-47.9) | <0.001 |
| TAR>250, % | 4.0 (0.0-13.0) | 0.0 (0.0-5.8) | 3.3 (0.0-10.8) | 9.2 (3.6-18.5) | <0.001 |
| TIR, % | 64.5 ± 24.6 | 66.6 ± 31.2 | 65.5 ± 23.1 | 61.3 ± 17.1 | <0.001 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 4303 (70.7) | 1534 (76.1) | 1472 (71.5) | 1297 (64.4) | <0.001 |
| Insulin | 4072 (66.9) | 1080 (53.5) | 1378 (66.9) | 1614 (80.2) | <0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive drugs | 3308 (54.3) | 1145 (56.8) | 1102 (53.5) | 1061 (52.7) | 0.010 |
| Aspirin | 2870 (47.1) | 909 (45.1) | 982 (47.7) | 979 (48.6) | 0.023 |
| Statins | 2349 (38.6) | 773 (38.3) | 795 (38.6) | 781 (38.8) | 0.757 |
Data shown are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; CV, coefficient of variation; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TBR<54, time below range (<54mg/dL); TBR<70, time below range (<70mg/dL); TAR>140, time above range (>140 mg/dL); TAR>180, time above range (>180 mg/dL); TAR>250, time above range (>250 mg/dL); TIR, time in range; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c.
Characteristics of participants by tertiles of glucose CV among patients with type 2 diabetes
| Characteristics . | Total . | Glucose CV . | . | . | P for trend . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |||
| Participants, n | 6090 | 2017 | 2060 | 2013 | / |
| Person-years | 43108.9 | 14391.6 | 14438.8 | 14278.5 | / |
| Age, years | 61.7 ± 11.9 | 60.8 ± 12.5 | 61.3 ± 11.6 | 62.9 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 3326 (54.6) | 1044 (51.8) | 1170 (56.8) | 1112 (55.2) | 0.026 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 10 (4-15) | 8 (3-13) | 10 (4-14) | 10 (4-15) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.9 ± 16.9 | 133.1 ± 17.1 | 132.5 ± 16.6 | 133.0 ± 17.0 | 0.856 |
| DBP, mmHg | 79.7 ± 9.5 | 80.1 ± 9.8 | 79.6 ± 9.2 | 79.5 ± 9.3 | 0.057 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 0.225 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 1.5 (1.1-2.2) | 1.4 (1.0-2.1) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| LDL choleterol, mmol/L | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.613 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.9 ± 2.2 | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
| History of CVD, n (%) | 1299 (21.3) | 430 (21.3) | 418 (20.3) | 451 (22.4) | 0.401 |
| History of cancer, n (%) | 279 (4.6) | 80 (4.0) | 106 (5.1) | 93 (4.6) | 0.321 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1441 (23.7) | 446 (22.1) | 529 (25.7) | 466 (23.1) | 0.438 |
| CGM parameter | |||||
| Glucose CV, % | 25.8 ± 8.4 | 17.0 ± 3.2 | 25.1 ± 2.1 | 35.2 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
| TBR<54, % | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.9) | <0.001 |
| TBR<70, % | 0.0 (0.0-1.2) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.5) | 1.2 (0.0-5.2) | <0.001 |
| TAR>140, % | 62.9 (41.8-81.9) | 72.9 (37.7-93.4) | 64.4 (43.6-81.6) | 57.3 (42.7-70.9) | <0.001 |
| TAR>180 % | 29.5 (13.4-50.7) | 22.6 (4.9-57.3) | 28.8 (14.1-49.0) | 33.0 (20.3-47.9) | <0.001 |
| TAR>250, % | 4.0 (0.0-13.0) | 0.0 (0.0-5.8) | 3.3 (0.0-10.8) | 9.2 (3.6-18.5) | <0.001 |
| TIR, % | 64.5 ± 24.6 | 66.6 ± 31.2 | 65.5 ± 23.1 | 61.3 ± 17.1 | <0.001 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 4303 (70.7) | 1534 (76.1) | 1472 (71.5) | 1297 (64.4) | <0.001 |
| Insulin | 4072 (66.9) | 1080 (53.5) | 1378 (66.9) | 1614 (80.2) | <0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive drugs | 3308 (54.3) | 1145 (56.8) | 1102 (53.5) | 1061 (52.7) | 0.010 |
| Aspirin | 2870 (47.1) | 909 (45.1) | 982 (47.7) | 979 (48.6) | 0.023 |
| Statins | 2349 (38.6) | 773 (38.3) | 795 (38.6) | 781 (38.8) | 0.757 |
| Characteristics . | Total . | Glucose CV . | . | . | P for trend . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |||
| Participants, n | 6090 | 2017 | 2060 | 2013 | / |
| Person-years | 43108.9 | 14391.6 | 14438.8 | 14278.5 | / |
| Age, years | 61.7 ± 11.9 | 60.8 ± 12.5 | 61.3 ± 11.6 | 62.9 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 3326 (54.6) | 1044 (51.8) | 1170 (56.8) | 1112 (55.2) | 0.026 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 10 (4-15) | 8 (3-13) | 10 (4-14) | 10 (4-15) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.9 ± 16.9 | 133.1 ± 17.1 | 132.5 ± 16.6 | 133.0 ± 17.0 | 0.856 |
| DBP, mmHg | 79.7 ± 9.5 | 80.1 ± 9.8 | 79.6 ± 9.2 | 79.5 ± 9.3 | 0.057 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 0.225 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 1.5 (1.1-2.2) | 1.4 (1.0-2.1) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| LDL choleterol, mmol/L | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.613 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.9 ± 2.2 | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
| History of CVD, n (%) | 1299 (21.3) | 430 (21.3) | 418 (20.3) | 451 (22.4) | 0.401 |
| History of cancer, n (%) | 279 (4.6) | 80 (4.0) | 106 (5.1) | 93 (4.6) | 0.321 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1441 (23.7) | 446 (22.1) | 529 (25.7) | 466 (23.1) | 0.438 |
| CGM parameter | |||||
| Glucose CV, % | 25.8 ± 8.4 | 17.0 ± 3.2 | 25.1 ± 2.1 | 35.2 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
| TBR<54, % | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.9) | <0.001 |
| TBR<70, % | 0.0 (0.0-1.2) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.5) | 1.2 (0.0-5.2) | <0.001 |
| TAR>140, % | 62.9 (41.8-81.9) | 72.9 (37.7-93.4) | 64.4 (43.6-81.6) | 57.3 (42.7-70.9) | <0.001 |
| TAR>180 % | 29.5 (13.4-50.7) | 22.6 (4.9-57.3) | 28.8 (14.1-49.0) | 33.0 (20.3-47.9) | <0.001 |
| TAR>250, % | 4.0 (0.0-13.0) | 0.0 (0.0-5.8) | 3.3 (0.0-10.8) | 9.2 (3.6-18.5) | <0.001 |
| TIR, % | 64.5 ± 24.6 | 66.6 ± 31.2 | 65.5 ± 23.1 | 61.3 ± 17.1 | <0.001 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 4303 (70.7) | 1534 (76.1) | 1472 (71.5) | 1297 (64.4) | <0.001 |
| Insulin | 4072 (66.9) | 1080 (53.5) | 1378 (66.9) | 1614 (80.2) | <0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive drugs | 3308 (54.3) | 1145 (56.8) | 1102 (53.5) | 1061 (52.7) | 0.010 |
| Aspirin | 2870 (47.1) | 909 (45.1) | 982 (47.7) | 979 (48.6) | 0.023 |
| Statins | 2349 (38.6) | 773 (38.3) | 795 (38.6) | 781 (38.8) | 0.757 |
Data shown are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; CV, coefficient of variation; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TBR<54, time below range (<54mg/dL); TBR<70, time below range (<70mg/dL); TAR>140, time above range (>140 mg/dL); TAR>180, time above range (>180 mg/dL); TAR>250, time above range (>250 mg/dL); TIR, time in range; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c.
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