Table 1. Open in new tab Sample...

	Total	Resilient	Recovery	Worsening	Chronic	P
Age, mean (SD)^†	28.0 (7.0)	28.1 (6.6)	27.7 (7.2)	28.7 (8.8)	29.1 (6.7)	0.807
Male, n (%)*	285 (99.0)	151 (99.3)	56 (98.2)	53 (100.0)	25 (96.2)	0.386
Marital status, n (%)*						0.882
Single, Never Married	136 (47.2)	75 (49.3)	28 (49.1)	21 (39.6)	12 (46.2)
Married/Partnered	139 (48.3)	71 (46.7)	27 (47.4)	29 (54.7)	12 (46.2)
Separated/Divorced	13 (4.5)	6 (3.9)	2 (3.5)	3 (5.7)	2 (7.7)
Race, n (%)*						0.343
Caucasian/White	223 (77.4)	123 (80.9)	44 (77.2)	39 (73.6)	17 (65.4)
African American/Black	14 (4.9)	4 (2.6)	5 (8.8)	3 (5.7)	2 (7.7)
Asian American/Pacific Islander/Native American/Other	51 (17.7)	25 (16.4)	8 (14.0)	11 (20.8)	7 (26.9)
Non-Caucasian Hispanic, n (%)*	40 (13.9)	21 (13.8)	5 (8.8)	9 (17.0)	5 (19.2)	0.514
Education, n (%)*						0.327
High School/GED	113 (39.2)	54 (35.5)	24 (42.1)	26 (49.1)	9 (34.6)
Any College	175 (60.8)	98 (64.5)	33 (57.9)	27 (50.9)	17 (65.4)
Military Service, n (%)*						0.851
Army	216 (75.0)	117 (77.0)	39 (68.4)	40 (75.5)	20 (76.9)
Marine Corps	55 (19.1)	28 (18.4)	13 (22.8)	9 (17.0)	5 (19.2)
Other	17 (5.9)	7 (4.6)	5 (8.8)	4 (7.5)	1 (3.8)
Number of study visits, mean (SD) ^†	7.1 (2.6)	7.2 (2.6)	7.4 (2.3)	6.7 (2.9)	6.2 (2.4)	0.795
Months from injury to enrollment, n (%)*						0.370
≤ 6 months	228 (79.2)	120 (78.9)	48 (84.2)	38 (71.7)	22 (84.6)
> 6 months	60 (20.8)	32 (21.1)	9 (15.8)	15 (28.3)	4 (15.4)
Number of deployments, median [IQR]^‡	2 [1, 3]	2 [1, 3]	2.00 [1, 2]	1 [1, 3]	2 [1, 3]	0.652
Baseline PTSD Checklist, mean (SD) ^†	28.7 (13.8)	19.3 (3.2)	27.9 (5.8)	37.3 (10.3)	59.8 (9.2)	<0.001
Early regional anesthesia, n (%)*	104 (36.1)	51 (33.6)	21 (36.8)	20 (37.7)	12 (46.2)	0.650
Length of Stay, Days, median, [IQR]^‡	26 [13, 49]	28 [15, 50]	31 [10, 50]	21 [10, 52]	23 [17, 34]	0.370
Injury Severity Score, mean (SD) ^†	18.2 (10.5)	18.9 (10.8)	18.1 (11.6)	17.0 (9.6)	16.9 (7.5)	0.603
Injury resulting in amputation, n (%)*	108 (37.6)	65 (42.8)	22 (39.3)	16 (30.2)	5 (19.2)	0.081
Arm injury, n (%)*	160 (55.7)	86 (56.6)	32 (57.1)	29 (54.7)	13 (50.0)	0.063
Leg injury, n (%)*	241 (84.0)	132 (86.8)	46 (82.1)	40 (75.5)	23 (88.5)	0.999
Head injury, n (%)*	113 (39.4)	57 (37.5)	22 (39.3)	22 (41.5)	12 (46.2)	0.910
Chest injury, n (%)*	129 (44.9)	66 (43.4)	23 (41.1)	27 (50.9)	13 (50.0)	0.123
Explosive/Blast-related injury, n (%)*	216 (75.0)	117 (77.0)	38 (66.7)	43 (81.1)	18 (69.2)	0.066
Gunshot injury, n (%)*	46 (16.0)	20 (13.2)	13 (22.8)	7 (13.2)	6 (23.1)	0.297
Other mechanism of injury, n (%)*	16 (5.6)	12 (7.9)	2 (3.5)	1 (1.9)	1 (3.8)	0.494

Total

Resilient

Recovery

Worsening

Chronic

N = 288

N = 152

N = 57

N = 53

N = 26

Age, mean (SD)^†

28.0 (7.0)

28.1 (6.6)

27.7 (7.2)

28.7 (8.8)

29.1 (6.7)

0.807

Male, n (%)*

285 (99.0)

151 (99.3)

56 (98.2)

53 (100.0)

25 (96.2)

0.386

Marital status, n (%)*

0.882

Single, Never Married

136 (47.2)

75 (49.3)

28 (49.1)

21 (39.6)

12 (46.2)

Married/Partnered

139 (48.3)

71 (46.7)

27 (47.4)

29 (54.7)

12 (46.2)

Separated/Divorced

13 (4.5)

6 (3.9)

2 (3.5)

3 (5.7)

2 (7.7)

Race, n (%)*

0.343

Caucasian/White

223 (77.4)

123 (80.9)

44 (77.2)

39 (73.6)

17 (65.4)

African American/Black

14 (4.9)

4 (2.6)

5 (8.8)

3 (5.7)

2 (7.7)

Asian American/Pacific Islander/Native

American/Other

51 (17.7)

25 (16.4)

8 (14.0)

11 (20.8)

7 (26.9)

Non-Caucasian Hispanic, n (%)*

40 (13.9)

21 (13.8)

5 (8.8)

9 (17.0)

5 (19.2)

0.514

Education, n (%)*

0.327

High School/GED

113 (39.2)

54 (35.5)

24 (42.1)

26 (49.1)

9 (34.6)

Any College

175 (60.8)

98 (64.5)

33 (57.9)

27 (50.9)

17 (65.4)

Military Service, n (%)*

0.851

Army

216 (75.0)

117 (77.0)

39 (68.4)

40 (75.5)

20 (76.9)

Marine Corps

55 (19.1)

28 (18.4)

13 (22.8)

9 (17.0)

5 (19.2)

Other

17 (5.9)

7 (4.6)

5 (8.8)

4 (7.5)

1 (3.8)

Number of study visits, mean (SD) ^†

7.1 (2.6)

7.2 (2.6)

7.4 (2.3)

6.7 (2.9)

6.2 (2.4)

0.795

Months from injury to enrollment, n (%)*

0.370

≤ 6 months

228 (79.2)

120 (78.9)

48 (84.2)

38 (71.7)

22 (84.6)

> 6 months

60 (20.8)

32 (21.1)

9 (15.8)

15 (28.3)

4 (15.4)

Number of deployments, median [IQR]^‡

2 [1, 3]

2.00 [1, 2]

1 [1, 3]

2 [1, 3]

0.652

Baseline PTSD Checklist, mean (SD) ^†

28.7 (13.8)

19.3 (3.2)

27.9 (5.8)

37.3 (10.3)

59.8 (9.2)

<0.001

Early regional anesthesia, n (%)*

104 (36.1)

51 (33.6)

21 (36.8)

20 (37.7)

12 (46.2)

0.650

Length of Stay, Days, median, [IQR]^‡

26 [13, 49]

28 [15, 50]

31 [10, 50]

21 [10, 52]

23 [17, 34]

0.370

Injury Severity Score, mean (SD) ^†

18.2 (10.5)

18.9 (10.8)

18.1 (11.6)

17.0 (9.6)

16.9 (7.5)

0.603

Injury resulting in amputation, n (%)*

108 (37.6)

65 (42.8)

22 (39.3)

16 (30.2)

5 (19.2)

0.081

Arm injury, n (%)*

160 (55.7)

86 (56.6)

32 (57.1)

29 (54.7)

13 (50.0)

0.063

Leg injury, n (%)*

241 (84.0)

132 (86.8)

46 (82.1)

40 (75.5)

23 (88.5)

0.999

Head injury, n (%)*

113 (39.4)

57 (37.5)

22 (39.3)

22 (41.5)

12 (46.2)

0.910

Chest injury, n (%)*

129 (44.9)

66 (43.4)

23 (41.1)

27 (50.9)

13 (50.0)

0.123

Explosive/Blast-related injury, n (%)*

216 (75.0)

117 (77.0)

38 (66.7)

43 (81.1)

18 (69.2)

0.066

Gunshot injury, n (%)*

46 (16.0)

20 (13.2)

13 (22.8)

7 (13.2)

6 (23.1)

0.297

Other mechanism of injury, n (%)*

16 (5.6)

12 (7.9)

2 (3.5)

1 (1.9)

1 (3.8)

0.494

	Total	Resilient	Recovery	Worsening	Chronic	P
Age, mean (SD)^†	28.0 (7.0)	28.1 (6.6)	27.7 (7.2)	28.7 (8.8)	29.1 (6.7)	0.807
Male, n (%)*	285 (99.0)	151 (99.3)	56 (98.2)	53 (100.0)	25 (96.2)	0.386
Marital status, n (%)*						0.882
Single, Never Married	136 (47.2)	75 (49.3)	28 (49.1)	21 (39.6)	12 (46.2)
Married/Partnered	139 (48.3)	71 (46.7)	27 (47.4)	29 (54.7)	12 (46.2)
Separated/Divorced	13 (4.5)	6 (3.9)	2 (3.5)	3 (5.7)	2 (7.7)
Race, n (%)*						0.343
Caucasian/White	223 (77.4)	123 (80.9)	44 (77.2)	39 (73.6)	17 (65.4)
African American/Black	14 (4.9)	4 (2.6)	5 (8.8)	3 (5.7)	2 (7.7)
Asian American/Pacific Islander/Native American/Other	51 (17.7)	25 (16.4)	8 (14.0)	11 (20.8)	7 (26.9)
Non-Caucasian Hispanic, n (%)*	40 (13.9)	21 (13.8)	5 (8.8)	9 (17.0)	5 (19.2)	0.514
Education, n (%)*						0.327
High School/GED	113 (39.2)	54 (35.5)	24 (42.1)	26 (49.1)	9 (34.6)
Any College	175 (60.8)	98 (64.5)	33 (57.9)	27 (50.9)	17 (65.4)
Military Service, n (%)*						0.851
Army	216 (75.0)	117 (77.0)	39 (68.4)	40 (75.5)	20 (76.9)
Marine Corps	55 (19.1)	28 (18.4)	13 (22.8)	9 (17.0)	5 (19.2)
Other	17 (5.9)	7 (4.6)	5 (8.8)	4 (7.5)	1 (3.8)
Number of study visits, mean (SD) ^†	7.1 (2.6)	7.2 (2.6)	7.4 (2.3)	6.7 (2.9)	6.2 (2.4)	0.795
Months from injury to enrollment, n (%)*						0.370
≤ 6 months	228 (79.2)	120 (78.9)	48 (84.2)	38 (71.7)	22 (84.6)
> 6 months	60 (20.8)	32 (21.1)	9 (15.8)	15 (28.3)	4 (15.4)
Number of deployments, median [IQR]^‡	2 [1, 3]	2 [1, 3]	2.00 [1, 2]	1 [1, 3]	2 [1, 3]	0.652
Baseline PTSD Checklist, mean (SD) ^†	28.7 (13.8)	19.3 (3.2)	27.9 (5.8)	37.3 (10.3)	59.8 (9.2)	<0.001
Early regional anesthesia, n (%)*	104 (36.1)	51 (33.6)	21 (36.8)	20 (37.7)	12 (46.2)	0.650
Length of Stay, Days, median, [IQR]^‡	26 [13, 49]	28 [15, 50]	31 [10, 50]	21 [10, 52]	23 [17, 34]	0.370
Injury Severity Score, mean (SD) ^†	18.2 (10.5)	18.9 (10.8)	18.1 (11.6)	17.0 (9.6)	16.9 (7.5)	0.603
Injury resulting in amputation, n (%)*	108 (37.6)	65 (42.8)	22 (39.3)	16 (30.2)	5 (19.2)	0.081
Arm injury, n (%)*	160 (55.7)	86 (56.6)	32 (57.1)	29 (54.7)	13 (50.0)	0.063
Leg injury, n (%)*	241 (84.0)	132 (86.8)	46 (82.1)	40 (75.5)	23 (88.5)	0.999
Head injury, n (%)*	113 (39.4)	57 (37.5)	22 (39.3)	22 (41.5)	12 (46.2)	0.910
Chest injury, n (%)*	129 (44.9)	66 (43.4)	23 (41.1)	27 (50.9)	13 (50.0)	0.123
Explosive/Blast-related injury, n (%)*	216 (75.0)	117 (77.0)	38 (66.7)	43 (81.1)	18 (69.2)	0.066
Gunshot injury, n (%)*	46 (16.0)	20 (13.2)	13 (22.8)	7 (13.2)	6 (23.1)	0.297
Other mechanism of injury, n (%)*	16 (5.6)	12 (7.9)	2 (3.5)	1 (1.9)	1 (3.8)	0.494

Total

Resilient

Recovery

Worsening

Chronic

N = 288

N = 152

N = 57

N = 53

N = 26

Age, mean (SD)^†

28.0 (7.0)

28.1 (6.6)

27.7 (7.2)

28.7 (8.8)

29.1 (6.7)

0.807

Male, n (%)*

285 (99.0)

151 (99.3)

56 (98.2)

53 (100.0)

25 (96.2)

0.386

Marital status, n (%)*

0.882

Single, Never Married

136 (47.2)

75 (49.3)

28 (49.1)

21 (39.6)

12 (46.2)

Married/Partnered

139 (48.3)

71 (46.7)

27 (47.4)

29 (54.7)

12 (46.2)

Separated/Divorced

13 (4.5)

6 (3.9)

2 (3.5)

3 (5.7)

2 (7.7)

Race, n (%)*

0.343

Caucasian/White

223 (77.4)

123 (80.9)

44 (77.2)

39 (73.6)

17 (65.4)

African American/Black

14 (4.9)

4 (2.6)

5 (8.8)

3 (5.7)

2 (7.7)

Asian American/Pacific Islander/Native

American/Other

51 (17.7)

25 (16.4)

8 (14.0)

11 (20.8)

7 (26.9)

Non-Caucasian Hispanic, n (%)*

40 (13.9)

21 (13.8)

5 (8.8)

9 (17.0)

5 (19.2)

0.514

Education, n (%)*

0.327

High School/GED

113 (39.2)

54 (35.5)

24 (42.1)

26 (49.1)

9 (34.6)

Any College

175 (60.8)

98 (64.5)

33 (57.9)

27 (50.9)

17 (65.4)

Military Service, n (%)*

0.851

Army

216 (75.0)

117 (77.0)

39 (68.4)

40 (75.5)

20 (76.9)

Marine Corps

55 (19.1)

28 (18.4)

13 (22.8)

9 (17.0)

5 (19.2)

Other

17 (5.9)

7 (4.6)

5 (8.8)

4 (7.5)

1 (3.8)

Number of study visits, mean (SD) ^†

7.1 (2.6)

7.2 (2.6)

7.4 (2.3)

6.7 (2.9)

6.2 (2.4)

0.795

Months from injury to enrollment, n (%)*

0.370

≤ 6 months

228 (79.2)

120 (78.9)

48 (84.2)

38 (71.7)

22 (84.6)

> 6 months

60 (20.8)

32 (21.1)

9 (15.8)

15 (28.3)

4 (15.4)

Number of deployments, median [IQR]^‡

2 [1, 3]

2.00 [1, 2]

1 [1, 3]

2 [1, 3]

0.652

Baseline PTSD Checklist, mean (SD) ^†

28.7 (13.8)

19.3 (3.2)

27.9 (5.8)

37.3 (10.3)

59.8 (9.2)

<0.001

Early regional anesthesia, n (%)*

104 (36.1)

51 (33.6)

21 (36.8)

20 (37.7)

12 (46.2)

0.650

Length of Stay, Days, median, [IQR]^‡

26 [13, 49]

28 [15, 50]

31 [10, 50]

21 [10, 52]

23 [17, 34]

0.370

Injury Severity Score, mean (SD) ^†

18.2 (10.5)

18.9 (10.8)

18.1 (11.6)

17.0 (9.6)

16.9 (7.5)

0.603

Injury resulting in amputation, n (%)*

108 (37.6)

65 (42.8)

22 (39.3)

16 (30.2)

5 (19.2)

0.081

Arm injury, n (%)*

160 (55.7)

86 (56.6)

32 (57.1)

29 (54.7)

13 (50.0)

0.063

Leg injury, n (%)*

241 (84.0)

132 (86.8)

46 (82.1)

40 (75.5)

23 (88.5)

0.999

Head injury, n (%)*

113 (39.4)

57 (37.5)

22 (39.3)

22 (41.5)

12 (46.2)

0.910

Chest injury, n (%)*

129 (44.9)

66 (43.4)

23 (41.1)

27 (50.9)

13 (50.0)

0.123

Explosive/Blast-related injury, n (%)*

216 (75.0)

117 (77.0)

38 (66.7)

43 (81.1)

18 (69.2)

0.066

Gunshot injury, n (%)*

46 (16.0)

20 (13.2)

13 (22.8)

7 (13.2)

6 (23.1)

0.297

Other mechanism of injury, n (%)*

16 (5.6)

12 (7.9)

2 (3.5)

1 (1.9)

1 (3.8)

0.494

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Sample characteristics at baseline

	Total	Resilient	Recovery	Worsening	Chronic	P
	N = 288	N = 152	N = 57	N = 53	N = 26	P
Age, mean (SD)^†	28.0 (7.0)	28.1 (6.6)	27.7 (7.2)	28.7 (8.8)	29.1 (6.7)	0.807
Male, n (%)*	285 (99.0)	151 (99.3)	56 (98.2)	53 (100.0)	25 (96.2)	0.386
Marital status, n (%)*						0.882
Single, Never Married	136 (47.2)	75 (49.3)	28 (49.1)	21 (39.6)	12 (46.2)
Married/Partnered	139 (48.3)	71 (46.7)	27 (47.4)	29 (54.7)	12 (46.2)
Separated/Divorced	13 (4.5)	6 (3.9)	2 (3.5)	3 (5.7)	2 (7.7)
Race, n (%)*						0.343
Caucasian/White	223 (77.4)	123 (80.9)	44 (77.2)	39 (73.6)	17 (65.4)
African American/Black	14 (4.9)	4 (2.6)	5 (8.8)	3 (5.7)	2 (7.7)
Asian American/Pacific Islander/Native American/Other	51 (17.7)	25 (16.4)	8 (14.0)	11 (20.8)	7 (26.9)
Non-Caucasian Hispanic, n (%)*	40 (13.9)	21 (13.8)	5 (8.8)	9 (17.0)	5 (19.2)	0.514
Education, n (%)*						0.327
High School/GED	113 (39.2)	54 (35.5)	24 (42.1)	26 (49.1)	9 (34.6)
Any College	175 (60.8)	98 (64.5)	33 (57.9)	27 (50.9)	17 (65.4)
Military Service, n (%)*						0.851
Army	216 (75.0)	117 (77.0)	39 (68.4)	40 (75.5)	20 (76.9)
Marine Corps	55 (19.1)	28 (18.4)	13 (22.8)	9 (17.0)	5 (19.2)
Other	17 (5.9)	7 (4.6)	5 (8.8)	4 (7.5)	1 (3.8)
Number of study visits, mean (SD) ^†	7.1 (2.6)	7.2 (2.6)	7.4 (2.3)	6.7 (2.9)	6.2 (2.4)	0.795
Months from injury to enrollment, n (%)*						0.370
≤ 6 months	228 (79.2)	120 (78.9)	48 (84.2)	38 (71.7)	22 (84.6)
> 6 months	60 (20.8)	32 (21.1)	9 (15.8)	15 (28.3)	4 (15.4)
Number of deployments, median [IQR]^‡	2 [1, 3]	2 [1, 3]	2.00 [1, 2]	1 [1, 3]	2 [1, 3]	0.652
Baseline PTSD Checklist, mean (SD) ^†	28.7 (13.8)	19.3 (3.2)	27.9 (5.8)	37.3 (10.3)	59.8 (9.2)	<0.001
Early regional anesthesia, n (%)*	104 (36.1)	51 (33.6)	21 (36.8)	20 (37.7)	12 (46.2)	0.650
Length of Stay, Days, median, [IQR]^‡	26 [13, 49]	28 [15, 50]	31 [10, 50]	21 [10, 52]	23 [17, 34]	0.370
Injury Severity Score, mean (SD) ^†	18.2 (10.5)	18.9 (10.8)	18.1 (11.6)	17.0 (9.6)	16.9 (7.5)	0.603
Injury resulting in amputation, n (%)*	108 (37.6)	65 (42.8)	22 (39.3)	16 (30.2)	5 (19.2)	0.081
Arm injury, n (%)*	160 (55.7)	86 (56.6)	32 (57.1)	29 (54.7)	13 (50.0)	0.063
Leg injury, n (%)*	241 (84.0)	132 (86.8)	46 (82.1)	40 (75.5)	23 (88.5)	0.999
Head injury, n (%)*	113 (39.4)	57 (37.5)	22 (39.3)	22 (41.5)	12 (46.2)	0.910
Chest injury, n (%)*	129 (44.9)	66 (43.4)	23 (41.1)	27 (50.9)	13 (50.0)	0.123
Explosive/Blast-related injury, n (%)*	216 (75.0)	117 (77.0)	38 (66.7)	43 (81.1)	18 (69.2)	0.066
Gunshot injury, n (%)*	46 (16.0)	20 (13.2)	13 (22.8)	7 (13.2)	6 (23.1)	0.297
Other mechanism of injury, n (%)*	16 (5.6)	12 (7.9)	2 (3.5)	1 (1.9)	1 (3.8)	0.494

	Total	Resilient	Recovery	Worsening	Chronic	P
	N = 288	N = 152	N = 57	N = 53	N = 26	P
Age, mean (SD)^†	28.0 (7.0)	28.1 (6.6)	27.7 (7.2)	28.7 (8.8)	29.1 (6.7)	0.807
Male, n (%)*	285 (99.0)	151 (99.3)	56 (98.2)	53 (100.0)	25 (96.2)	0.386
Marital status, n (%)*						0.882
Single, Never Married	136 (47.2)	75 (49.3)	28 (49.1)	21 (39.6)	12 (46.2)
Married/Partnered	139 (48.3)	71 (46.7)	27 (47.4)	29 (54.7)	12 (46.2)
Separated/Divorced	13 (4.5)	6 (3.9)	2 (3.5)	3 (5.7)	2 (7.7)
Race, n (%)*						0.343
Caucasian/White	223 (77.4)	123 (80.9)	44 (77.2)	39 (73.6)	17 (65.4)
African American/Black	14 (4.9)	4 (2.6)	5 (8.8)	3 (5.7)	2 (7.7)
Asian American/Pacific Islander/Native American/Other	51 (17.7)	25 (16.4)	8 (14.0)	11 (20.8)	7 (26.9)
Non-Caucasian Hispanic, n (%)*	40 (13.9)	21 (13.8)	5 (8.8)	9 (17.0)	5 (19.2)	0.514
Education, n (%)*						0.327
High School/GED	113 (39.2)	54 (35.5)	24 (42.1)	26 (49.1)	9 (34.6)
Any College	175 (60.8)	98 (64.5)	33 (57.9)	27 (50.9)	17 (65.4)
Military Service, n (%)*						0.851
Army	216 (75.0)	117 (77.0)	39 (68.4)	40 (75.5)	20 (76.9)
Marine Corps	55 (19.1)	28 (18.4)	13 (22.8)	9 (17.0)	5 (19.2)
Other	17 (5.9)	7 (4.6)	5 (8.8)	4 (7.5)	1 (3.8)
Number of study visits, mean (SD) ^†	7.1 (2.6)	7.2 (2.6)	7.4 (2.3)	6.7 (2.9)	6.2 (2.4)	0.795
Months from injury to enrollment, n (%)*						0.370
≤ 6 months	228 (79.2)	120 (78.9)	48 (84.2)	38 (71.7)	22 (84.6)
> 6 months	60 (20.8)	32 (21.1)	9 (15.8)	15 (28.3)	4 (15.4)
Number of deployments, median [IQR]^‡	2 [1, 3]	2 [1, 3]	2.00 [1, 2]	1 [1, 3]	2 [1, 3]	0.652
Baseline PTSD Checklist, mean (SD) ^†	28.7 (13.8)	19.3 (3.2)	27.9 (5.8)	37.3 (10.3)	59.8 (9.2)	<0.001
Early regional anesthesia, n (%)*	104 (36.1)	51 (33.6)	21 (36.8)	20 (37.7)	12 (46.2)	0.650
Length of Stay, Days, median, [IQR]^‡	26 [13, 49]	28 [15, 50]	31 [10, 50]	21 [10, 52]	23 [17, 34]	0.370
Injury Severity Score, mean (SD) ^†	18.2 (10.5)	18.9 (10.8)	18.1 (11.6)	17.0 (9.6)	16.9 (7.5)	0.603
Injury resulting in amputation, n (%)*	108 (37.6)	65 (42.8)	22 (39.3)	16 (30.2)	5 (19.2)	0.081
Arm injury, n (%)*	160 (55.7)	86 (56.6)	32 (57.1)	29 (54.7)	13 (50.0)	0.063
Leg injury, n (%)*	241 (84.0)	132 (86.8)	46 (82.1)	40 (75.5)	23 (88.5)	0.999
Head injury, n (%)*	113 (39.4)	57 (37.5)	22 (39.3)	22 (41.5)	12 (46.2)	0.910
Chest injury, n (%)*	129 (44.9)	66 (43.4)	23 (41.1)	27 (50.9)	13 (50.0)	0.123
Explosive/Blast-related injury, n (%)*	216 (75.0)	117 (77.0)	38 (66.7)	43 (81.1)	18 (69.2)	0.066
Gunshot injury, n (%)*	46 (16.0)	20 (13.2)	13 (22.8)	7 (13.2)	6 (23.1)	0.297
Other mechanism of injury, n (%)*	16 (5.6)	12 (7.9)	2 (3.5)	1 (1.9)	1 (3.8)	0.494

Chi-square test.

†

ANOVA.

‡

Kruskal-Wallis.

PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; IQR = interquartile range.

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