| . | Public debt (% of GDP) 2010, 2020 . | Change in debt (2020–2010) . | Real growth rate in 2020 . | Real growth rate during 2015–2019 (g) . | Effective interest rate (r) . | r-g . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia | 18.9 | 117.8 | 98.9 | −3.5 | 3.2 | 7.2 | 4.0 |
| Angola | 37.2 | 127.1 | 90.0 | −4.0 | −1.3 | 5.4 | 6.7 |
| Mozambique | 39.7 | 122.2 | 82.5 | −0.5 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 0.5 |
| Republic of Congo | 43.5 | 101.7 | 58.2 | −7.8 | −5.6 | 2.4 | 8.0 |
| Zimbabwe | 47.6 | 88.9 | 41.3 | −8.0 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| Malawi | 27.2 | 67.3 | 40.1 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 1.8 |
| Madagascar | 32.3 | 43.6 | 11.2 | −4.2 | 3.9 | 2.4 | −1.5 |
| . | Public debt (% of GDP) 2010, 2020 . | Change in debt (2020–2010) . | Real growth rate in 2020 . | Real growth rate during 2015–2019 (g) . | Effective interest rate (r) . | r-g . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia | 18.9 | 117.8 | 98.9 | −3.5 | 3.2 | 7.2 | 4.0 |
| Angola | 37.2 | 127.1 | 90.0 | −4.0 | −1.3 | 5.4 | 6.7 |
| Mozambique | 39.7 | 122.2 | 82.5 | −0.5 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 0.5 |
| Republic of Congo | 43.5 | 101.7 | 58.2 | −7.8 | −5.6 | 2.4 | 8.0 |
| Zimbabwe | 47.6 | 88.9 | 41.3 | −8.0 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| Malawi | 27.2 | 67.3 | 40.1 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 1.8 |
| Madagascar | 32.3 | 43.6 | 11.2 | −4.2 | 3.9 | 2.4 | −1.5 |
Source: Authors’ calculations, using IMF data, and Ministry of Finances, Central Banks and National Statistics Offices of the countries in the table.
| . | Public debt (% of GDP) 2010, 2020 . | Change in debt (2020–2010) . | Real growth rate in 2020 . | Real growth rate during 2015–2019 (g) . | Effective interest rate (r) . | r-g . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia | 18.9 | 117.8 | 98.9 | −3.5 | 3.2 | 7.2 | 4.0 |
| Angola | 37.2 | 127.1 | 90.0 | −4.0 | −1.3 | 5.4 | 6.7 |
| Mozambique | 39.7 | 122.2 | 82.5 | −0.5 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 0.5 |
| Republic of Congo | 43.5 | 101.7 | 58.2 | −7.8 | −5.6 | 2.4 | 8.0 |
| Zimbabwe | 47.6 | 88.9 | 41.3 | −8.0 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| Malawi | 27.2 | 67.3 | 40.1 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 1.8 |
| Madagascar | 32.3 | 43.6 | 11.2 | −4.2 | 3.9 | 2.4 | −1.5 |
| . | Public debt (% of GDP) 2010, 2020 . | Change in debt (2020–2010) . | Real growth rate in 2020 . | Real growth rate during 2015–2019 (g) . | Effective interest rate (r) . | r-g . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia | 18.9 | 117.8 | 98.9 | −3.5 | 3.2 | 7.2 | 4.0 |
| Angola | 37.2 | 127.1 | 90.0 | −4.0 | −1.3 | 5.4 | 6.7 |
| Mozambique | 39.7 | 122.2 | 82.5 | −0.5 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 0.5 |
| Republic of Congo | 43.5 | 101.7 | 58.2 | −7.8 | −5.6 | 2.4 | 8.0 |
| Zimbabwe | 47.6 | 88.9 | 41.3 | −8.0 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| Malawi | 27.2 | 67.3 | 40.1 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 1.8 |
| Madagascar | 32.3 | 43.6 | 11.2 | −4.2 | 3.9 | 2.4 | −1.5 |
Source: Authors’ calculations, using IMF data, and Ministry of Finances, Central Banks and National Statistics Offices of the countries in the table.
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