Table 1. Open in new tab Fasting...

	Metformin (n = 8)			Fish oil (n = 13)		Fish oil-metformin (n = 8)
Age, years		25.0 ± 1.8		25.5 ± 1.2		28.7 ± 1.7
Body weight, kg	109.8 ± 4.8	117.9 ± 7.6	116.1 ± 7.4 (-1)	104.5 ± 5.7	105.7 ± 5.6 (1)	111.6 ± 10.3	102.8 ± 7.8 (-8)
BMI, kg/m² WC, cm WHR	38.6 ± 1.4 45.7 ± 1.1 0.9 ± 0.01	41.9 ± 1.3 47.8 ± 2.3 0.9 ± 0.02	41.2 ± 0.9 (−1) 48.1 ± 2.3 (<1) 1.0 ± 0.03 (+10)	35.9 ± 1.8 43.8 ± 1.2 0.9 ± 0.02	36.4 ± 1.8 (1) 44.1 ± 1.3 (<1) 0.9 ± 0.02 (0)	40.5 ± 3.6 47.3 ± 2.5 0.9 ± 0.02	37.1 ± 2.3 (−8) 46.6 ± 2.0 (−1) 1.0 ± 0.02 (+10)
Fat mass, kg	50.4 ± 2.8	56.3 ± 4.7	55.8 ± 4.5 (<1)	46.6 ± 3.9	47.9 ± 4.5 (3)	51.8 ± 6.4	44.8 ± 3.9 (−14)
Fat-free mass, kg	59.4 ± 1.6	61.3 ± 3.2	60.1 ± 3.4 (−2)	58.2 ± 1.9	56.6 ± 2.3 (3)	59.6 ± 4.3	58.2 ± 4.2 (−2)
Androstendione, nmol/L	8.8 ± 0.7	7.2 ± 0.8	7.8 ± 1.8 (8.0)	9.3 ± 0.9	11.1 ± 1.1 (16)	9.6 ± 1.7	10.2 ± 0.1 (6)
Testosterone, nmol/L	1.4 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.4 (0)	1.5 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.1 (6)	1.4 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.2 (7)
Free T, pmol/L	27.4 ± 2.8	23.8 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 8.1 (6)	30.8 ± 6.0	34.7 ± 4.6 (13)	26.8 ± 3.9	29.2 ± 2.3 (9)
SHBG, nmol/L	34.4 ± 3.6	35.6 ± 6.0	55.6 ± 6.9 (36)	39.0 ± 5.5	30.1 ± 4.9 (-22)	29.3 ± 7.2	30.0 ± 6.3 (2)
FAI DHEAS, μmol/L	4.7 ± 0.6 7.6 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.9 7.6 ± 1.2	5.1 ± 1.7 (16) 6.4 ± 1.2 (−16)	3.9 ± 0.9 8.2 ± 1.0	6.6 ± 0.9 (70) 8.4 ± 1.1 (2)	5.7 ± 1.2 6.7 ± 1.1	5.9 ± 0.9 (3) 7.25 ± 1.2 (8)
Insulin, pmol/L	215.0 ± 28.0	217.1 ± 46.4	180.1 ± 52.2 (−17)	223.4 ± 60.3	181.1 ± 20.8 (−19)	203.1 ± 43.7	144.3 ± 19.0 (−29)
Glucose, mmol/L OGTT (2-hr), mmol/L	4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.2	4.8 ± 0.2 5.9 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.1 (-2) 6.4 ± 0.8 (8)	4.9 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.3	4.8 ± 0.2 (-2) 6.1 ± 0.5 (2)	4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 1.2	4.6 ± 0.2 (−6) 5.7 ± 0.6 (−3)
HOMA-IR	7.8 ± 1.1	7.9 ± 1.8	6.3 ± 1.9 (−20)	8.1 ± 2.2	6.5 ± 0.8 (−20)	7.4 ± 1.7	5.0 ± 0.8 (−32)

Metformin
(n = 8)

Fish oil
(n = 13)

Fish oil-metformin
(n = 8)

Baseline
all groups
(n = 29)

Baseline

Post (%)

Baseline

Post (%)

Baseline

Post (%)

Age, years

25.0 ± 1.8

25.5 ± 1.2

28.7 ± 1.7

Body weight, kg

109.8 ± 4.8

117.9 ± 7.6

116.1 ± 7.4 (-1)

104.5 ± 5.7

105.7 ± 5.6 (1)

111.6 ± 10.3

102.8 ± 7.8 (-8)

BMI, kg/m²
WC, cm
WHR

38.6 ± 1.4
45.7 ± 1.1
0.9 ± 0.01

41.9 ± 1.3
47.8 ± 2.3
0.9 ± 0.02

41.2 ± 0.9 (−1)
48.1 ± 2.3 (<1)
1.0 ± 0.03 (+10)

35.9 ± 1.8
43.8 ± 1.2
0.9 ± 0.02

36.4 ± 1.8 (1)
44.1 ± 1.3 (<1)
0.9 ± 0.02 (0)

40.5 ± 3.6
47.3 ± 2.5
0.9 ± 0.02

37.1 ± 2.3 (−8)
46.6 ± 2.0 (−1)
1.0 ± 0.02 (+10)

Fat mass, kg

50.4 ± 2.8

56.3 ± 4.7

55.8 ± 4.5 (<1)

46.6 ± 3.9

47.9 ± 4.5 (3)

51.8 ± 6.4

44.8 ± 3.9 (−14)

Fat-free mass, kg

59.4 ± 1.6

61.3 ± 3.2

60.1 ± 3.4 (−2)

58.2 ± 1.9

56.6 ± 2.3 (3)

59.6 ± 4.3

58.2 ± 4.2 (−2)

Androstendione, nmol/L

8.8 ± 0.7

7.2 ± 0.8

7.8 ± 1.8 (8.0)

9.3 ± 0.9

11.1 ± 1.1 (16)

9.6 ± 1.7

10.2 ± 0.1 (6)

Testosterone, nmol/L

1.4 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.4 (0)

1.5 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.1 (6)

1.4 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.2 (7)

Free T, pmol/L

27.4 ± 2.8

23.8 ± 4.1

25.2 ± 8.1 (6)

30.8 ± 6.0

34.7 ± 4.6 (13)

26.8 ± 3.9

29.2 ± 2.3 (9)

SHBG, nmol/L

34.4 ± 3.6

35.6 ± 6.0

55.6 ± 6.9 (36)

39.0 ± 5.5

30.1 ± 4.9 (-22)

29.3 ± 7.2

30.0 ± 6.3 (2)

FAI
DHEAS, μmol/L

4.7 ± 0.6
7.6 ± 0.6

4.4 ± 0.9
7.6 ± 1.2

5.1 ± 1.7 (16)
6.4 ± 1.2 (−16)

3.9 ± 0.9
8.2 ± 1.0

6.6 ± 0.9 (70)
8.4 ± 1.1 (2)

5.7 ± 1.2
6.7 ± 1.1

5.9 ± 0.9 (3)
7.25 ± 1.2 (8)

Insulin, pmol/L

215.0 ± 28.0

217.1 ± 46.4

180.1 ± 52.2 (−17)

223.4 ± 60.3

181.1 ± 20.8 (−19)

203.1 ± 43.7

144.3 ± 19.0 (−29)

Glucose, mmol/L
OGTT (2-hr), mmol/L

4.9 ± 0.1
5.9 ± 0.2

4.8 ± 0.2
5.9 ± 0.4

4.7 ± 0.1 (-2)
6.4 ± 0.8 (8)

4.9 ± 0.1
6.0 ± 0.3

4.8 ± 0.2 (-2)
6.1 ± 0.5 (2)

4.9 ± 0.1
5.9 ± 1.2

4.6 ± 0.2 (−6)
5.7 ± 0.6 (−3)

HOMA-IR

7.8 ± 1.1

7.9 ± 1.8

6.3 ± 1.9 (−20)

8.1 ± 2.2

6.5 ± 0.8 (−20)

7.4 ± 1.7

5.0 ± 0.8 (−32)

	Metformin (n = 8)			Fish oil (n = 13)		Fish oil-metformin (n = 8)
Age, years		25.0 ± 1.8		25.5 ± 1.2		28.7 ± 1.7
Body weight, kg	109.8 ± 4.8	117.9 ± 7.6	116.1 ± 7.4 (-1)	104.5 ± 5.7	105.7 ± 5.6 (1)	111.6 ± 10.3	102.8 ± 7.8 (-8)
BMI, kg/m² WC, cm WHR	38.6 ± 1.4 45.7 ± 1.1 0.9 ± 0.01	41.9 ± 1.3 47.8 ± 2.3 0.9 ± 0.02	41.2 ± 0.9 (−1) 48.1 ± 2.3 (<1) 1.0 ± 0.03 (+10)	35.9 ± 1.8 43.8 ± 1.2 0.9 ± 0.02	36.4 ± 1.8 (1) 44.1 ± 1.3 (<1) 0.9 ± 0.02 (0)	40.5 ± 3.6 47.3 ± 2.5 0.9 ± 0.02	37.1 ± 2.3 (−8) 46.6 ± 2.0 (−1) 1.0 ± 0.02 (+10)
Fat mass, kg	50.4 ± 2.8	56.3 ± 4.7	55.8 ± 4.5 (<1)	46.6 ± 3.9	47.9 ± 4.5 (3)	51.8 ± 6.4	44.8 ± 3.9 (−14)
Fat-free mass, kg	59.4 ± 1.6	61.3 ± 3.2	60.1 ± 3.4 (−2)	58.2 ± 1.9	56.6 ± 2.3 (3)	59.6 ± 4.3	58.2 ± 4.2 (−2)
Androstendione, nmol/L	8.8 ± 0.7	7.2 ± 0.8	7.8 ± 1.8 (8.0)	9.3 ± 0.9	11.1 ± 1.1 (16)	9.6 ± 1.7	10.2 ± 0.1 (6)
Testosterone, nmol/L	1.4 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.4 (0)	1.5 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.1 (6)	1.4 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.2 (7)
Free T, pmol/L	27.4 ± 2.8	23.8 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 8.1 (6)	30.8 ± 6.0	34.7 ± 4.6 (13)	26.8 ± 3.9	29.2 ± 2.3 (9)
SHBG, nmol/L	34.4 ± 3.6	35.6 ± 6.0	55.6 ± 6.9 (36)	39.0 ± 5.5	30.1 ± 4.9 (-22)	29.3 ± 7.2	30.0 ± 6.3 (2)
FAI DHEAS, μmol/L	4.7 ± 0.6 7.6 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.9 7.6 ± 1.2	5.1 ± 1.7 (16) 6.4 ± 1.2 (−16)	3.9 ± 0.9 8.2 ± 1.0	6.6 ± 0.9 (70) 8.4 ± 1.1 (2)	5.7 ± 1.2 6.7 ± 1.1	5.9 ± 0.9 (3) 7.25 ± 1.2 (8)
Insulin, pmol/L	215.0 ± 28.0	217.1 ± 46.4	180.1 ± 52.2 (−17)	223.4 ± 60.3	181.1 ± 20.8 (−19)	203.1 ± 43.7	144.3 ± 19.0 (−29)
Glucose, mmol/L OGTT (2-hr), mmol/L	4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.2	4.8 ± 0.2 5.9 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.1 (-2) 6.4 ± 0.8 (8)	4.9 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.3	4.8 ± 0.2 (-2) 6.1 ± 0.5 (2)	4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 1.2	4.6 ± 0.2 (−6) 5.7 ± 0.6 (−3)
HOMA-IR	7.8 ± 1.1	7.9 ± 1.8	6.3 ± 1.9 (−20)	8.1 ± 2.2	6.5 ± 0.8 (−20)	7.4 ± 1.7	5.0 ± 0.8 (−32)

Metformin
(n = 8)

Fish oil
(n = 13)

Fish oil-metformin
(n = 8)

Baseline
all groups
(n = 29)

Baseline

Post (%)

Baseline

Post (%)

Baseline

Post (%)

Age, years

25.0 ± 1.8

25.5 ± 1.2

28.7 ± 1.7

Body weight, kg

109.8 ± 4.8

117.9 ± 7.6

116.1 ± 7.4 (-1)

104.5 ± 5.7

105.7 ± 5.6 (1)

111.6 ± 10.3

102.8 ± 7.8 (-8)

BMI, kg/m²
WC, cm
WHR

38.6 ± 1.4
45.7 ± 1.1
0.9 ± 0.01

41.9 ± 1.3
47.8 ± 2.3
0.9 ± 0.02

41.2 ± 0.9 (−1)
48.1 ± 2.3 (<1)
1.0 ± 0.03 (+10)

35.9 ± 1.8
43.8 ± 1.2
0.9 ± 0.02

36.4 ± 1.8 (1)
44.1 ± 1.3 (<1)
0.9 ± 0.02 (0)

40.5 ± 3.6
47.3 ± 2.5
0.9 ± 0.02

37.1 ± 2.3 (−8)
46.6 ± 2.0 (−1)
1.0 ± 0.02 (+10)

Fat mass, kg

50.4 ± 2.8

56.3 ± 4.7

55.8 ± 4.5 (<1)

46.6 ± 3.9

47.9 ± 4.5 (3)

51.8 ± 6.4

44.8 ± 3.9 (−14)

Fat-free mass, kg

59.4 ± 1.6

61.3 ± 3.2

60.1 ± 3.4 (−2)

58.2 ± 1.9

56.6 ± 2.3 (3)

59.6 ± 4.3

58.2 ± 4.2 (−2)

Androstendione, nmol/L

8.8 ± 0.7

7.2 ± 0.8

7.8 ± 1.8 (8.0)

9.3 ± 0.9

11.1 ± 1.1 (16)

9.6 ± 1.7

10.2 ± 0.1 (6)

Testosterone, nmol/L

1.4 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.4 (0)

1.5 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.1 (6)

1.4 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.2 (7)

Free T, pmol/L

27.4 ± 2.8

23.8 ± 4.1

25.2 ± 8.1 (6)

30.8 ± 6.0

34.7 ± 4.6 (13)

26.8 ± 3.9

29.2 ± 2.3 (9)

SHBG, nmol/L

34.4 ± 3.6

35.6 ± 6.0

55.6 ± 6.9 (36)

39.0 ± 5.5

30.1 ± 4.9 (-22)

29.3 ± 7.2

30.0 ± 6.3 (2)

FAI
DHEAS, μmol/L

4.7 ± 0.6
7.6 ± 0.6

4.4 ± 0.9
7.6 ± 1.2

5.1 ± 1.7 (16)
6.4 ± 1.2 (−16)

3.9 ± 0.9
8.2 ± 1.0

6.6 ± 0.9 (70)
8.4 ± 1.1 (2)

5.7 ± 1.2
6.7 ± 1.1

5.9 ± 0.9 (3)
7.25 ± 1.2 (8)

Insulin, pmol/L

215.0 ± 28.0

217.1 ± 46.4

180.1 ± 52.2 (−17)

223.4 ± 60.3

181.1 ± 20.8 (−19)

203.1 ± 43.7

144.3 ± 19.0 (−29)

Glucose, mmol/L
OGTT (2-hr), mmol/L

4.9 ± 0.1
5.9 ± 0.2

4.8 ± 0.2
5.9 ± 0.4

4.7 ± 0.1 (-2)
6.4 ± 0.8 (8)

4.9 ± 0.1
6.0 ± 0.3

4.8 ± 0.2 (-2)
6.1 ± 0.5 (2)

4.9 ± 0.1
5.9 ± 1.2

4.6 ± 0.2 (−6)
5.7 ± 0.6 (−3)

HOMA-IR

7.8 ± 1.1

7.9 ± 1.8

6.3 ± 1.9 (−20)

8.1 ± 2.2

6.5 ± 0.8 (−20)

7.4 ± 1.7

5.0 ± 0.8 (−32)

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Fasting anthropometric, endocrine, insulin, and glucose concentrations at baseline and postintervention treatment for 12 weeks with metformin, fish oil or fish oil-metformin in women with PCOS

	Metformin (n = 8)			Fish oil (n = 13)		Fish oil-metformin (n = 8)
	Baseline all groups (n = 29)	Baseline	Post (%)	Baseline	Post (%)	Baseline	Post (%)
Age, years		25.0 ± 1.8		25.5 ± 1.2		28.7 ± 1.7
Body weight, kg	109.8 ± 4.8	117.9 ± 7.6	116.1 ± 7.4 (-1)	104.5 ± 5.7	105.7 ± 5.6 (1)	111.6 ± 10.3	102.8 ± 7.8 (-8)
BMI, kg/m² WC, cm WHR	38.6 ± 1.4 45.7 ± 1.1 0.9 ± 0.01	41.9 ± 1.3 47.8 ± 2.3 0.9 ± 0.02	41.2 ± 0.9 (−1) 48.1 ± 2.3 (<1) 1.0 ± 0.03 (+10)	35.9 ± 1.8 43.8 ± 1.2 0.9 ± 0.02	36.4 ± 1.8 (1) 44.1 ± 1.3 (<1) 0.9 ± 0.02 (0)	40.5 ± 3.6 47.3 ± 2.5 0.9 ± 0.02	37.1 ± 2.3 (−8) 46.6 ± 2.0 (−1) 1.0 ± 0.02 (+10)
Fat mass, kg	50.4 ± 2.8	56.3 ± 4.7	55.8 ± 4.5 (<1)	46.6 ± 3.9	47.9 ± 4.5 (3)	51.8 ± 6.4	44.8 ± 3.9 (−14)
Fat-free mass, kg	59.4 ± 1.6	61.3 ± 3.2	60.1 ± 3.4 (−2)	58.2 ± 1.9	56.6 ± 2.3 (3)	59.6 ± 4.3	58.2 ± 4.2 (−2)
Androstendione, nmol/L	8.8 ± 0.7	7.2 ± 0.8	7.8 ± 1.8 (8.0)	9.3 ± 0.9	11.1 ± 1.1 (16)	9.6 ± 1.7	10.2 ± 0.1 (6)
Testosterone, nmol/L	1.4 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.4 (0)	1.5 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.1 (6)	1.4 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.2 (7)
Free T, pmol/L	27.4 ± 2.8	23.8 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 8.1 (6)	30.8 ± 6.0	34.7 ± 4.6 (13)	26.8 ± 3.9	29.2 ± 2.3 (9)
SHBG, nmol/L	34.4 ± 3.6	35.6 ± 6.0	55.6 ± 6.9 (36)	39.0 ± 5.5	30.1 ± 4.9 (-22)	29.3 ± 7.2	30.0 ± 6.3 (2)
FAI DHEAS, μmol/L	4.7 ± 0.6 7.6 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.9 7.6 ± 1.2	5.1 ± 1.7 (16) 6.4 ± 1.2 (−16)	3.9 ± 0.9 8.2 ± 1.0	6.6 ± 0.9 (70) 8.4 ± 1.1 (2)	5.7 ± 1.2 6.7 ± 1.1	5.9 ± 0.9 (3) 7.25 ± 1.2 (8)
Insulin, pmol/L	215.0 ± 28.0	217.1 ± 46.4	180.1 ± 52.2 (−17)	223.4 ± 60.3	181.1 ± 20.8 (−19)	203.1 ± 43.7	144.3 ± 19.0 (−29)
Glucose, mmol/L OGTT (2-hr), mmol/L	4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.2	4.8 ± 0.2 5.9 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.1 (-2) 6.4 ± 0.8 (8)	4.9 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.3	4.8 ± 0.2 (-2) 6.1 ± 0.5 (2)	4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 1.2	4.6 ± 0.2 (−6) 5.7 ± 0.6 (−3)
HOMA-IR	7.8 ± 1.1	7.9 ± 1.8	6.3 ± 1.9 (−20)	8.1 ± 2.2	6.5 ± 0.8 (−20)	7.4 ± 1.7	5.0 ± 0.8 (−32)

	Metformin (n = 8)			Fish oil (n = 13)		Fish oil-metformin (n = 8)
	Baseline all groups (n = 29)	Baseline	Post (%)	Baseline	Post (%)	Baseline	Post (%)
Age, years		25.0 ± 1.8		25.5 ± 1.2		28.7 ± 1.7
Body weight, kg	109.8 ± 4.8	117.9 ± 7.6	116.1 ± 7.4 (-1)	104.5 ± 5.7	105.7 ± 5.6 (1)	111.6 ± 10.3	102.8 ± 7.8 (-8)
BMI, kg/m² WC, cm WHR	38.6 ± 1.4 45.7 ± 1.1 0.9 ± 0.01	41.9 ± 1.3 47.8 ± 2.3 0.9 ± 0.02	41.2 ± 0.9 (−1) 48.1 ± 2.3 (<1) 1.0 ± 0.03 (+10)	35.9 ± 1.8 43.8 ± 1.2 0.9 ± 0.02	36.4 ± 1.8 (1) 44.1 ± 1.3 (<1) 0.9 ± 0.02 (0)	40.5 ± 3.6 47.3 ± 2.5 0.9 ± 0.02	37.1 ± 2.3 (−8) 46.6 ± 2.0 (−1) 1.0 ± 0.02 (+10)
Fat mass, kg	50.4 ± 2.8	56.3 ± 4.7	55.8 ± 4.5 (<1)	46.6 ± 3.9	47.9 ± 4.5 (3)	51.8 ± 6.4	44.8 ± 3.9 (−14)
Fat-free mass, kg	59.4 ± 1.6	61.3 ± 3.2	60.1 ± 3.4 (−2)	58.2 ± 1.9	56.6 ± 2.3 (3)	59.6 ± 4.3	58.2 ± 4.2 (−2)
Androstendione, nmol/L	8.8 ± 0.7	7.2 ± 0.8	7.8 ± 1.8 (8.0)	9.3 ± 0.9	11.1 ± 1.1 (16)	9.6 ± 1.7	10.2 ± 0.1 (6)
Testosterone, nmol/L	1.4 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.4 (0)	1.5 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.1 (6)	1.4 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.2 (7)
Free T, pmol/L	27.4 ± 2.8	23.8 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 8.1 (6)	30.8 ± 6.0	34.7 ± 4.6 (13)	26.8 ± 3.9	29.2 ± 2.3 (9)
SHBG, nmol/L	34.4 ± 3.6	35.6 ± 6.0	55.6 ± 6.9 (36)	39.0 ± 5.5	30.1 ± 4.9 (-22)	29.3 ± 7.2	30.0 ± 6.3 (2)
FAI DHEAS, μmol/L	4.7 ± 0.6 7.6 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.9 7.6 ± 1.2	5.1 ± 1.7 (16) 6.4 ± 1.2 (−16)	3.9 ± 0.9 8.2 ± 1.0	6.6 ± 0.9 (70) 8.4 ± 1.1 (2)	5.7 ± 1.2 6.7 ± 1.1	5.9 ± 0.9 (3) 7.25 ± 1.2 (8)
Insulin, pmol/L	215.0 ± 28.0	217.1 ± 46.4	180.1 ± 52.2 (−17)	223.4 ± 60.3	181.1 ± 20.8 (−19)	203.1 ± 43.7	144.3 ± 19.0 (−29)
Glucose, mmol/L OGTT (2-hr), mmol/L	4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.2	4.8 ± 0.2 5.9 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.1 (-2) 6.4 ± 0.8 (8)	4.9 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.3	4.8 ± 0.2 (-2) 6.1 ± 0.5 (2)	4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 1.2	4.6 ± 0.2 (−6) 5.7 ± 0.6 (−3)
HOMA-IR	7.8 ± 1.1	7.9 ± 1.8	6.3 ± 1.9 (−20)	8.1 ± 2.2	6.5 ± 0.8 (−20)	7.4 ± 1.7	5.0 ± 0.8 (−32)

Values are presented as mean ± SEM and variables were normally distributed. Post (%) represents mean percentage change from baseline within group.

Abbreviations: DHEAS, dehydroepiandrostendione; FAI, free androgen index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; OGTT (2-hr), oral glucose tolerance at 2 hours; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; T, testosterone; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist hip ratio.

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